Current Status of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adult Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a valid and impairing psychological disorder that persists into adulthood in a majority of cases and is associated with chronic functional impairment and increased rates of comorbidity. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approaches for this disorder have emerged recently, and available evidence from open and randomized controlled trials suggests that these approaches are promising in producing significant symptom reduction. A conceptual model of how CBT may work for ADHD is reviewed along with existing efficacy studies. A preliminary comparison of effect sizes across intervention packages suggests that targeted learning and practice of specific behavioral compensatory strategies may be a critical active ingredient in CBT for adult ADHD. The article concludes with a discussion of future directions and critical questions that must be addressed in this area of clinical research.
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy has emerged as a valuable addition to adjuvant ADHD therapy, facilitating the development of compensatory strategies, improved self-management, and enhanced emotional regulation.
“CBT (cognitive–behavioral therapy) has emerged as a valuable addition to adjuvant ADHD therapy, facilitating the development of compensatory strategies, improved self-management, and enhanced emotional regulation [144].”
From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [144]
The Conceptual Basis and Randomized Controlled Trials sections support CBT as an addition to medication for adults with ADHD and describe training in compensatory, organizational, and self-management skills. The paper describes interventions targeting emotions, including an emotion-regulation module in a DBT-based program, but does not establish improved emotional regulation as a treatment outcome; the claim also omits the paper’s adult-population limitation. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCBT is an effective treatment for adults with ADHD.
“CBT, which is an efficacious treatment for adult ADHD (see Knouse & Safren, 2010; Mongia & Hechtman, 2012, for reviews).”
From Mindfulness Meditation Training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adulthood: Current Empirical Support, Treatment Overview, and Future Directions (2015) · cites this paper as Knouse & Safren, 2010
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- Authors
- Knouse, L. E., & Safren, S. A.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knouse, Laura E.
- Venue
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 497-509
- ISSN
- 0193-953X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2909688
- OpenAlex
- W1980020441
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 1.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatric Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH069812, 5R01MH69812)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, cognitive behavioral therapy, comorbidities, functional disability, treatment efficacy, effect size
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Models, Psychological, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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