Reduced ADHD symptoms in adults with ADHD after structured skills training group: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Objective Feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) -based method developed in Germany were evaluated in a Swedish outpatient psychiatric context.Method Fifty-one adults with ADHD on stable medical treatment or on no medication were randomized to the DBT-based skills training (n=26) or a parallel loosely structured discussion group (n=25). Self-rating scales were administered before randomization and after the treatment.Results Feasibility and participant satisfaction were good in both groups while skills training was perceived as more logical and effective for ADHD-related problems. The analyses of the individuals who completed the treatment and remained stable with regard to medication (n=19 in skills training; n=18 in control group) showed a significant reduction in ADHD symptoms in the skills training group, but not in the control group. No reduction of comorbidity was observed in any of the groups.Conclusions The treatment was feasible in an outpatient psychiatric context, well tolerated, and significantly reduced ADHD symptoms in on-treatment individuals who remained stable regarding medication status.
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The efficacy of DBT has also been studied in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), suggesting its clinical pertinence in neurodevelopmental disorders.
“In addition, the efficacy of DBT has also been studied in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Hirvikoski et al., 2011; Philipsen et al., 2014; Fleming et al., 2015), suggesting its clinical pertinence in neurodevelopmental disorders.”
From Feasibility, Acceptability and Preliminary Efficacy of Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Autistic Adults without Intellectual Disability: A Mixed Methods Study (2022) · cites this paper as Hirvikoski et al., 2011
Some controlled studies included mindfulness practice as a component of a treatment that also introduced other modalities, so the contribution of mindfulness training itself is unclear.
“Although some controlled studies included mindfulness practice, it was a component of a treatment that also introduced other modalities (e.g., Hesslinger et al., 2002; Hirvikoski et al., 2011; Philipsen et al., 2007) and the contribution of mindfulness training itself is not clear.”
From Mindfulness Meditation Training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adulthood: Current Empirical Support, Treatment Overview, and Future Directions (2015) · cites this paper as Hirvikoski et al., 2011
In three studies of modified Dialectical Behavior Therapy group skills training for adults with ADHD, self-reported ADHD symptoms improved in within-groups or between-groups designs.
“Among the treatment studies, self-reported ADHD symptoms improved when assessed in a within-groups (Philipsen et al., 2007) or between-groups design (Hesslinger et al., 2002; Hirvikoski et al., 2011).”
From Mindfulness Meditation Training for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adulthood: Current Empirical Support, Treatment Overview, and Future Directions (2015) · cites this paper as Hirvikoski et al., 2011
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“Group interventions are attractive for clinical delivery as they are cost effective as well as demonstrating medium to large treatment effects for the reduction of ADHD symptoms in randomised control trials of medicated ADHD patients [9-15].”
BackgroundMindfulness Based Interventions for Youth
Zack, S., Saekow, J., Kelly, M. M., & Radke, A. (2014) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-014-0179-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“2001) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Hirvokoski et al. 2011) and bipolar disorder (Van Dijk et al.”
BackgroundAn international clinical study of ability and disability in ADHD using the WHO-ICF framework
Mahdi, S., Ronzano, N., Knüppel, A., Dias, J. C., Albdah, A., Chien-Ho, L., Almodayfer, O., Bluschke, A., Karande, S., Huang, H.-L., et al. (2018) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1124-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Supportive factors in the environment, such as special education programs and pharmacological treatments, have been shown to reduce challenges in ADHD [20, 21], while lack of support and negative attitudes from family members often result in increased behavioural problems [22].”
BackgroundJans, T., Jacob, C., Warnke, A., Zwanzger, U., Groß‐Lesch, S., Matthies, S., Borel, P., Hennighausen, K., Haack‐Dees, B., Rösler, M., et al. (2015) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12443 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Mindfulness Training as an Adjunct to Evidence-Based Treatment for ADHD Within Families
Cassone, A. (2015) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054713488438 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Largely due to these promising findings, a further study utilizing a randomized controlled trial design was used (Hirvikoski et al., 2011) with the same adapted DBT-based, structured skill-training program used in the DBT studies mentioned previously (Hesslinger et al.”
BackgroundThe unmet needs of all adults with ADHD are not the same: a focus on Europe
Ginsberg, Y., Beusterien, K., Amos, K., Jousselin, C., & Asherson, P. (2014) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.926220 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Dialectical Behavioral Therapy, which combines standard cognitive-behavioral techniques for emotion regulation and reality-testing with concepts of distress tolerance, acceptance, and mindful awareness, has been found to be effective [92].”
BackgroundMorgensterns, E., Alfredsson, J., & Hirvikoski, T. (2016) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-015-0182-1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“In line with previous studies (Hirvikoski et al. 2011b; Philipsen et al. 2007), treatment satisfaction was good and the participants highlighted the strength of the group format and the importance of meeting other adults with ADHD.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationLópez-Pinar, C., Martínez-Sanchís, S., Carbonell-Vayá, E., Sánchez-Meca, J., & Fenollar-Cortés, J. (2020) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054719855685 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“, 2017; Zwart & Kallemeyn, 2001); four because there were insufficient data in the article (Cole et al., 2016; Hirvikoski et al., 2011; Huang et al., 2019; Weiss & Hechtman, 2006); two for not including all participants who were at least 18 years old (Vidal-Estrada et al.”
BackgroundMoukhtarian, T. R., Mintah, R. S., Moran, P., & Asherson, P. J. (2018) · Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation · doi:10.1186/s40479-018-0086-8 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Philipsen, A., Graf, E., Jans, T., Matthies, S., Borel, P., Colla, M., Gentschow, L., Langner, D., Jacob, C., Groß-Lesch, S., et al. (2014) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-013-0120-z · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“According to the literature, the present study is the first multicenter RCT designed to evaluate the effects of psychopharmacological treatment with the first-line medication MPH compared to Plac in combination with nonpharmacological treatment strategies GPT and CM in adult ADHD.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHalmøy, A., Ring, A. E., Gjestad, R., Møller, M., Ubostad, B., Lien, T., Munkhaugen, E. K., & Fredriksen, M. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04356-6 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“A smaller randomized controlled trial from the Swedish group (n = 51) showed that this specific group treatment was more effective in reducing core symptoms of ADHD compared to a loosely structured discussion group, but found no significant difference on comorbid depressive symptoms [28].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHow do adolescents with ADHD perceive and experience stress? An interview study
Öster, C., Ramklint, M., Meyer, J., & Isaksson, J. (2020) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2019.1677771 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“However, this gender distribution, with more females compared to males, is not uncommon in treatment studies conducted on participants with ADHD [34,35].”
Temperament correlates in adult ADHD: A systematic review★★
Pinzone, V., Rossi, P. D., Trabucchi, G., Lester, D., Girardi, P., & Pompili, M. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.04.006 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Addressing the lack of studies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults
Ramos‐Quiroga, J. A., Nasillo, V., Fernández‐Aranda, F., & Casas, M. (2014) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.908708 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“(2011) Dialectical behavioral therapy versus loosely structured discussion group 51 Group The treatment was feasible in an outpatient psychiatric context and significantly reduced ADHD symptoms in on-treatment individuals who remained stable regarding medication status [110]”
BackgroundBertelli, M. O., Azeem, M. W., Underwood, L., Scattoni, M. L., Persico, A. M., Ricciardello, A., Sappok, T., Bergmann, T. J., Keller, R., Bianco, A., et al. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95720-3_16 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Lauder, K., McDowall, A., & Tenenbaum, H. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.893469 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
CBT/DBT skills training for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Cole, P., Weibel, S., Nicastro, R., Hasler, R., Dayer, A. G., Aubry, J., Prada, P., & Perroud, N. A. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Nasri, B., Castenfors, M., Fredlund, P., Ginsberg, Y., Lindefors, N., & Kaldo, V. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717690231 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“However, our effect sizes are comparable with similar studies on CBT (Safren, 2005) and DBT interventions for adults with ADHD (Hirvikoski et al., 2011), indicating that a combination manual can be effective in reducing core symptoms.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialKis, B., Lücke, C., van Elst, L. T., Müller, H., Philipsen, A., Abdel‐Hamid, M., Heßmann, P., Graf, E., Berger, M., Matthies, S., et al. (2020) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/a-1207-9851 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Experience of CBT in adults with ADHD: a mixed methods study
William, S., Horrocks, M., Richmond, J., Hall, C. L., & French, B. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1341624 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Wilson, H., & Donachie, A. L. (2018) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465817000790 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Muld, B. B., Jokinen, J., Bölte, S., & Hirvikoski, T. (2014) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2014.11.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment modalities (Hirvikoski, Waaler, Lindstrom, Bolte, & Jokinen, 2014; Hirvikoski et al., 2011) should be adjusted to the individual characteristics of each patient with ADHD and comorbid severe SUD.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDialectical Behavior Therapy in Adolescent Residential Treatment: Outcomes and Effectiveness
McCredie, M. N., Quinn, C., & Covington, M. (2017) · Residential Treatment for Children & Youth · doi:10.1080/0886571x.2016.1271291 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“DBT has been shown to be effective with adults with ADHD (Hirvikoski et al., 2011), and the mindfulness components of DBT/DBT-A have been applied successfully with both adolescents and adults with ADHD (Zylowska et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKenter, R. M. F., Gjestad, R., Lundervold, A. J., & Nordgreen, T. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100614 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Others have examined effects of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for adults with ADHD (Hesslinger et al., 2002; Hirvikoski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInternet delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for adults with ADHD - A randomized controlled trial
Nasri, B., Cassel, M., Enhärje, J., Larsson, M., Hirvikoski, T., Ginsberg, Y., Lindefors, N., & Kaldo, V. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100636 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationThe relevance of cognitive distortions in the psychosocial treatment of adult ADHD.
Ramsay, J. R. (2017) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000101 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Meyer, J., Ramklint, M., Hallerbäck, M. U., Lööf, M., & Isaksson, J. (2022) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-021-01753-2 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“This might reflect a self-selection bias; a similar gender distribution has also been reported in previous evaluations of the SSTG for adults with ADHD [24, 25].”
MethodResultChamp, R. E., Adamou, M., & Tolchard, B. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261247 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Burckhardt, R., Manicavasagar, V., Shaw, F., Fogarty, A., Batterham, P. J., Dobinson, K., & Karpin, I. (2018) · International Journal of Adolescence and Youth · doi:10.1080/02673843.2017.1292927 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“, 2016), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (Hirvikoski et al., 2011), binge eating (Safer, Robinson, & Jo, 2010; Telch, Agras, & Linehan, 2001), bulimia (Safer, Telch, & Agras, 2001), depression (Lynch, Morse, & Robins, 2003) and post-traumatic stress disorder (Bohus et al.”
Backman, A., Mellblom, A., Norman-Claesson, E., Keith-Bodros, G., Frostvittra, M., Bölte, S., & Hirvikoski, T. (2018) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2018.07.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationEffectiveness of Psychotherapy in Adult ADHD: What Do Patients Think? Results of the COMPAS Study
Groß, V., Lücke, C., Graf, E., Lam, A. P., Matthies, S., Borel, P., Sobanski, E., Rösler, M., Retz, W., Jacob, C., et al. (2017) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054717720718 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Muld, B. B., Jokinen, J., Bölte, S., & Hirvikoski, T. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-336 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationCarroll, P., Hirvikoski, T., Lindholm, C., & Thorell, L. B. (2021) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2021.1910512 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMeyer, J., Öster, C., Ramklint, M., & Isaksson, J. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12655 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Role of Comorbid Symptoms in Perceived Stress and Sleep Problems in Adolescent ADHD
Frick, M. A., Meyer, J., & Isaksson, J. (2022) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-022-01320-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“This female bias in treatment research has previously been reported by Hirvikoski and colleagues [56].”
ResultBergman, T. H., Renhorn, E., Berg, B., Lappalainen, P., Ghaderi, A., & Hirvikoski, T. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05490-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationApplying Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for ADHD to Emerging Adults
Knouse, L. E., & Fleming, A. P. (2016) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.03.008 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Sleep as an outcome measure in ADHD randomized controlled trials: A scoping review
McWilliams, S., Zhou, T., Stöckler, S., Elbe, D., & Ipsiroglu, O. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101613 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Associated predictors of functional impairment among adolescents with ADHD—a cross-sectional study
Meyer, J., Alaie, I., Ramklint, M., & Isaksson, J. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-022-00463-0 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Similar sex distributions have been found in previous Swedish studies on adolescent and adult psychiatric patients that involved diagnostic interviews, self-reports, and participating in group treatment [37, 62, 63].”
ResultMuld, B. B., Jokinen, J., Bölte, S., & Hirvikoski, T. (2016) · ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders · doi:10.1007/s12402-016-0195-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationBasiri, N., & Hadianfard, H. (2022) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547221118527 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Since then several authors reported the effectiveness of DBT for adults with ADHD (Bayat et al., 2019; Hirvikoski et al., 2011; Morgensterns et al., 2016; Narimani et al., 2014; Philipsen et al., 2010).”
BackgroundScholz, L., Werle, J., Philipsen, A., Schulze, M., Collonges, J., & Gensichen, J. (2020) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2020.1818189 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…was missing we contacted the authors of those studies up to three times (Corbisiero et al., 2018; Cowley et al., 2016; Fleming et al., 2015; Hirvikoski et al., 2011; Huang et al., 2019; Liu et al., 2016, 2017; Mawjee et al., 2015, 2017; O’Connell et al., 2008; Pettersson et al., 2017;…”
BackgroundLamash, L., Little, L. M., & Hen‐Herbst, L. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05440-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Diagnóstico y tratamiento del trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad en adultos
Ramos-Quiroga, J., Chalita, P. J., Vidal, R., Bosch-Munso, R., Brugué, M. C., Palomar, G., & Prats, L. (2012) · Revista de Neurología · doi:10.33588/rn.54s01.2012009 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“tcc frente a grupo de discusión [73] Grupal Figura.”
BackgroundKenter, R., Lundervold, A., & Nordgreen, T. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100485 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Psychological interventions like CBT, GMT and DBT for ADHD provide new, compensatory strategies and skills for deficient attention, executive functioning, impulse control and emotion regulation, but they are often not available to adults with ADHD due to barriers such as: limited resources, lack of knowledge and quali…”
BackgroundInfluentialTeilleistungsstörungen/MCD und ADHS im Erwachsenenalter
Lindén, M., & Weddigen, J. (2015) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-015-0063-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nakashima, M., Inada, N., Tanigawa, Y., Yamashita, M., Maeda, E., Kouguchi, M., Sarad, Y., Yano, H., Ikari, K., Kuga, H., et al. (2021) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054720986939 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“After the intervention program ended, we were unable to compare scores to those in Hirvikoski et al. (2011) because that study did not report this information.”
MethodResultInfluentialTargeting affect leads to reduced paranoia in people with psychosis: a single case series
Silva, D., Maguire, T., McSherry, P., & Newman‐Taylor, K. (2020) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465820000788 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…(Cristea et al., 2017; Panos et al., 2014), addictions (Linehan et al., 1999, 2002), eating disorders (Lenz et al., 2014; Bankoff et al., 2012), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (Cole et al., 2016; Fleming et al., 2015; Hirvikoski et al., 2011) and depression (Harley et al., 2008).”
BackgroundChandler, M. C. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/jpm.12023 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lungu, A., & Linehan, M. M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803457-6.00018-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Development of the Korean Practice Parameter for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Bahn, G. H., Lee, Y. S., Yoo, H. K., Kim, E., Park, S., Han, D. H., Hong, M., Kim, B., Lee, S. I., Bhang, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.190030 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zener, D. (2019) · Advances in Autism · doi:10.1108/aia-10-2018-0042 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Meyer, J., Ramklint, M., Hallerback, M., Lööf, M., & Isaksson, J. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2133-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“The treatment is an age-adjusted version of a manualised DBT-based group programme originally developed in Germany for adults with ADHD [19, 31] and later translated and evaluated in a Swedish population [22, 32].”
MethodBemmouna, D., Rabot, E., Coutelle, R., Lefebvre, F., Weibel, S., & Weiner, L. (2025) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000544717 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Indeed, in future studies, we recommend comparing DBT to an active control condition like a discussion group [14] as well as to other interventions targeting ED in autistic adults, such as the mindfulness program by Conner and White [46].”
Dittner, A. J., Rimes, K. A., Russell, A., & Chalder, T. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-014-0248-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Some of these results are from open-label uncontrolled studies [8-13] which evaluated individual CBT, metacognitive therapy, modified dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT) and mindfulness-based meditation training.”
BackgroundLa thérapie cognitive-comportementale dans le traitement du TDAH chez l’adulte
Auclair, V., Harvey, P., & Lepage, M. (2016) · Santé mentale au Québec · doi:10.7202/1036976ar · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…souffrant de ce trouble semblent également propices à se sentir submergés par le stress qu’ils vivent et seraient exposés à un nombre plus élevé de stresseurs dans leur vie quotidienne (Hirvikoski et al., 2011), ce qui aurait un effet délétère sur leur état de santé général (Barkley, 2002).”
BackgroundMethodGonda, X., Bálint, S., Réthelyi, J., & Döme, P. (2024) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.03.002 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…combined with medication or placebo, in follow-up studies showed that while medication was more effective on core ADHD symptoms, the DBT group had a more long-lasting effect on general clinical status and quality of life (Halmoy et al., 2022; Hirvikoski et al., 2011; Philipsen et al., 2015).”
BackgroundHastings, S. E., Swales, M. A., Hughes, J. C., JONES, K. M., & Hastings, R. P. (2022) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-022-00021-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Under this umbrella term DBT skills only has been adapted for a variety of presentations: mood disorders [55, 56], binge eating disorder [57], bulimia nervosa [58], anorexia and bulemia 69, intellectual disability [59], Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder [60], incarcerated adolescents [61], and carers of adults…”
BackgroundCarli, G., Cavicchioli, M., Martini, A. L., Bruscoli, M., Manfredi, A., Presotto, L., Mazzeo, C., Sestini, S., & Perani, D. (2023) · Brain Connectivity · doi:10.1089/brain.2022.0076 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Treating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults
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Guideline for Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD in Adults with Substance Use Disorders
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“Finally, the evidence for the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) in patients with ADHD (without SUD) is now stronger (Hirvikoski et al. 2011; Safren et al. 2010; Solanto et al. 2010).”
BackgroundThe Role of Parent Self-Regulation in Youth Type 1 Diabetes Management
Bauer, K. W., Hilliard, M. E., Albright, D. K., Lo, S. L., Fredericks, E. M., & Miller, A. L. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-020-01321-z · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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Ponomarev, R., Sklyar, S., Krasilnikova, V., & Savina, T. S. (2023) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-023-10003-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…mindfulness training has been shown to reduce ADHD symptoms, not just full DBT skills training aimed at developing emotional regulation, mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, and stress tolerance, as previously shown (Bayat et al., 2020 ; Hirvikoski et al., 2011; Mor-gensterns et al., 2016).”
RetractedGökçek, V. U., Bilican, F. I., & Görmez, A. (2024) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2024.2311773 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Previous studies varied in their findings on functionality improvement in DBT-ST recipients (Hirvikoski et al., 2011; Morgensterns et al., 2016; Nasri et al., 2017).”
InfluentialAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Later E-Cigarette and Tobacco Use in US Youths
McCabe, S., Pasman, E., Wilens, T. E., Boyd, C., Veliz, P., McCabe, V. V., Chen, B.-M., Dickinson, K., & Evans-Polce, R. J. (2025) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.58834 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Groß, S., Figge, C., Matthies, S., & Philipsen, A. (2015) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-015-4328-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Alda, J. A., Cardo, M. E., del Campo, P. D., García, A., Gurrea, A., & Izaguirre, J. (2017) · GuíaSalud eBooks · doi:10.46995/gpc_574 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hirvikoski, T., Waaler, E., Alfredsson, J., Pihlgren, C., Holmström, A., Johnson, A., Rück, J., Wiwe, C., Bothén, P., & Nordström, A.-L.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Hirvikoski, Tatja
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 175-185
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2009134112
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 10.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- adult ADHD, dialectical behavior therapy, skills training, group therapy, treatment feasibility, acceptability, symptom relief, medication status, comorbidities, outpatient psychiatric care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavior Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Outpatients, Psychotherapy, Group, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction
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