Resilience and cognitive biases mediate the relationship between early exposure to traumatic life events and depressive symptoms in young adults
Open accessAbstract
Background Early trauma is an important risk factor for depression. However, little is known about the mechanisms of how traumatic life events shape the risk of depression. The present study focused on the mediating role of cognitive biases and mental resilience between early trauma and depressive symptoms in young men and women.Methods 2218 non-clinical young adults completed an online Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI). It comprised selected items from several questionnaires including: a short version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D, five items) questionnaire, the Traumatic Experience Checklist (TEC, three items) and the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q, three items), a short version (nine items) of Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale (DACOBS-18), the abridged version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Parallel mediation analyses were performed. The role of gender was considered.Results A significant standardized indirect effect of childhood trauma on depressive symptoms through cognitive biases and resilience was found in the total sample. A standardized direct effect of childhood traumatic life events on depressive symptoms remained also significant, meaning that mediation is complementary. An analysis by gender showed similar results for women and men.Limitations Sample was limited to non-clinical young adults. The questionnaires were shortened, and items were selected arbitrarily due to the nature of the study (online screening). The data may include biases resulting from the use of self-report scales.Conclusions Cognitive biases and resilience are important, but not exclusive, mechanisms of the relationship between early trauma and depressive symptoms.
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Women were found to be twice as likely to have depression as men.
“women were found to be twice as likely to have depression as men.”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [362]
Gender-related factors were linked to cognitive biases, resilience and vulnerabilities.
“Gender-related factors were linked to cognitive biases, resilience and vulnerabilities [362,384].”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [362]
Severe stress in the form of early-life trauma is associated with depressive symptoms.
“Severe stress that occurs in the form of early-life trauma has also been associated with depressive symptoms [362,380].”
From Biological, Psychological, and Social Determinants of Depression: A Review of Recent Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [362]
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Wang, L., Gu, C., Zhou, S., Wen, S., Zhang, Y., & Li, Q. (2023) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2023.2225138 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
王, 丽. (2023) · Advances in Social Sciences · doi:10.12677/ass.2023.124254
Childhood sexual abuse in first-episode psychosis: The relevance in cognitive bias
Vila‐Badia, R., Espinosa, V., Colomer-Salvans, A., Serra‐Arumí, C., Corbella-Sotil, A., Cacho, N. D., Butjosa, A., Ochoa, S., Cuevas‐Esteban, J., Muñoz‐Samons, D., et al. (2025) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2025.07.004
- Authors
- Mętel, D., Arciszewska, A., Daren, A., Frydecka, D., Cechnicki, A., & Gawęda, Ł.
- Affiliations
- Jagiellonian University (PL)
- Uniwersytet SWPS (PL)
- Wroclaw Medical University (PL)
- Medical University of Warsaw (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Arciszewska, Aleksandra
- Gawęda, Łukasz
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-07
- Volume
- 254
- Pages
- 26-33
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2943933193
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 5.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ruj.uj.edu.pl
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Homo Politicus (Academy of Humanities and Economics in Lodz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Narodowe Centrum Nauki
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- childhood trauma, depressive symptoms, cognitive biases, resilience, mediation, young adults, gender differences, risk factors for depression
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Abuse, Cognition, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Bias, Resilience, Psychological, Young Adult, Self Report
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