The temporal precedence of metacognition in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms in the context of life-stress: A prospective study
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According to the metacognitive theory of psychological disorder, metacognitions are vulnerability factors in predicting development of psychological symptoms. The present study investigated metacognitive factors and life stress in a prospective test of their proposed temporal precedence in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms. Participants were 172 students and adults recruited in Ankara and Bolu, Turkey. Two separate sets of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. In these analyses, Time 2 anxiety or depression was regressed on the main and interaction effects of metacognition and stress after controlling for baseline symptom levels measured at Time 1, age, and gender. Results revealed that negative metacognitive beliefs about the uncontrollability and danger of worry significantly predicted residual change in both anxiety and depression after controlling for the negative effect of stressful life events. Furthermore, lack of cognitive confidence interacted with daily hassles to predict the change in anxiety, when the baseline level of anxiety and other individual differences were controlled. Our results support the metacognitive theory of psychopathology.
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The longitudinal effects of negative metacognitive beliefs on anxiety and depression 6 months later and worrying 4 months later have already been demonstrated.
“as the longitudinal effects of negative metacognitive beliefs on anxiety and depression 6 months later (Yilmaz et al. 2011) and worrying 4 months later (Sica et al. 2007) have already been demonstrated”
From Common Factors of Meditation, Focusing, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Longitudinal Relation of Self-Report Measures to Worry, Depressive, and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Among Nonclinical Students (2015) · cites this paper as Yilmaz et al. 2011
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- Authors
- Yılmaz, A. E., Gençöz, T., & Wells, A.
- Affiliations
- Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University (TR)
- Middle East Technical University (TR)
- Corresponding author
- Yılmaz, A. Esin
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 389-396
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1989288253
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- metacognition, metacognitive beliefs, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, life events, daily hassles, cognitive confidence, temporal precedence, vulnerability factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Cognition, Depression, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Theory, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological
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