Cited by 1,178Immune cells in cancerPhagocytosis and Immune RegulationGut microbiota and health

Constant replenishment from circulating monocytes maintains the macrophage pool in the intestine of adult mice

Open access
Bain, Calum C, Bravo-Blas, Alberto, Scott, Charlotte L, Gomez Perdiguero, Elisa, Geissmann, Frederic, Henri, Sandrine, Malissen, Bernard, Osborne, Lisa C +2 more·2014·Nature Immunology

Abstract

The paradigm that macrophages that reside in steady-state tissues are derived from embryonic precursors has never been investigated in the intestine, which contains the largest pool of macrophages. Using fate-mapping models and monocytopenic mice, together with bone marrow chimera and parabiotic models, we found that embryonic precursor cells seeded the intestinal mucosa and demonstrated extensive in situ proliferation during the neonatal period. However, these cells did not persist in the intestine of adult mice. Instead, they were replaced around the time of weaning by the chemokine receptor CCR2-dependent influx of Ly6C(hi) monocytes that differentiated locally into mature, anti-inflammatory macrophages. This process was driven largely by the microbiota and had to be continued throughout adult life to maintain a normal intestinal macrophage pool.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/ni.2967

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation does occur in tissues such as the gut and dermis.

    “This does indeed happen, for example in the gut or the dermis (53,54).”

    From The impact of ageing on monocytes and macrophages (2021) · cites this paper as [53]

  • Microglia in the developing brain proliferate locally at a low rate and are not normally replaced by other monocytes and macrophages from outside the brain, unlike most other tissue-resident macrophages.

    “Microglia in the developing brain proliferate locally at a low rate and are not normally replaced by other monocytes and macrophages from outside the brain, in contrast to most other tissue-resident macrophages (which also initially originate from yolk sac-derived macrophages, but are partially or fully replaced by fetal liver- or blood monocyte-derived macrophages [Bain et al., 2014, Calderon et”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [37]Tamoutounour S CD64 distinguishes macrophages from dendritic cells in the gut and reveals the Th1-inducing role of mesenteric lymph node macrophages during colitis Eur. J. Immunol 2012 42 3150 3166 22936024

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Bain, C. C., Bravo-Blas, A., Scott, C. L., Gomez Perdiguero, E., Geissmann, F., Henri, S., Malissen, B., Osborne, L. C., Artis, D., & Mowat, A. M.
Affiliations
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Mowat, Allan McI
Venue
Nature Immunology
Published
2014-08-24
Volume
15
Issue
10
Pages
929-937
ISSN
  • 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
  • 1529-2916
OpenAlex
W1977536320
Cited by
1,178
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 79 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 116 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 118 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 8 · 2012: 1
FWCI
41.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
erratum (2014-10-20)
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Wellcome Trust (094763, 101853, 089892)
  • Tenovus
  • University of Glasgow
  • Medical Research Council
  • National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI097333)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Keywords
intestinal macrophages, circulating monocytes, CCR2, Ly6Chi monocytes, microbiota, weaning, macrophage homeostasis, anti-inflammatory macrophages, bone marrow-derived macrophages, fate mapping, parabiosis, bone marrow chimeras
MeSH terms
CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Antigens, Differentiation, Antigens, Ly, Cell Differentiation, Flow Cytometry, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Macrophages, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Monocytes, Parabiosis, Time Factors, Gene Expression, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Mice, Knockout, Models, Immunological, Receptors, Chemokine, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, CD11b Antigen, Cell Proliferation, Receptors, CCR2

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review