The DOI matches its Crossref record; 303 of the 303 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CONSORT 2010 Explanation and Elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Open accessAbstract
Overwhelming evidence shows the quality of reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is not optimal. Without transparent reporting, readers cannot judge the reliability and validity of trial findings nor extract information for systematic reviews. Recent methodological analyses indicate that inadequate reporting and design are associated with biased estimates of treatment effects. Such systematic error is seriously damaging to RCTs, which are considered the gold standard for evaluating interventions because of their ability to minimise or avoid bias. A group of scientists and editors developed the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to improve the quality of reporting of RCTs. It was first published in 1996 and updated in 2001. The statement consists of a checklist and flow diagram that authors can use for reporting an RCT. Many leading medical journals and major international editorial groups have endorsed the CONSORT statement. The statement facilitates critical appraisal and interpretation of RCTs. During the 2001 CONSORT revision, it became clear that explanation and elaboration of the principles underlying the CONSORT statement would help investigators and others to write or appraise trial reports. A CONSORT explanation and elaboration article was published in 2001 alongside the 2001 version of the CONSORT statement. After an expert meeting in January 2007, the CONSORT statement has been further revised and is published as the CONSORT 2010 Statement. This update improves the wording and clarity of the previous checklist and incorporates recommendations related to topics that have only recently received recognition, such as selective outcome reporting bias. This explanatory and elaboration document-intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the CONSORT statement-has also been extensively revised. It presents the meaning and rationale for each new and updated checklist item providing examples of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies. Several examples of flow diagrams are included. The CONSORT 2010 Statement, this revised explanatory and elaboration document, and the associated website (www.consort-statement.org) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of randomised trials.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines [33].”
From Systematic review of mind‐body interventions to treat myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The study design was guided by the adapted CONSORT checklist for pilot trials [37, 38].”
From It is time to address fear of cancer recurrence in family caregivers: protocol for the feasibility and acceptability of a randomized pilot study of the online version of the Family Caregiver–Fear Of Recurrence Therapy (FC-FORT) (2024) · cites this paper as [38]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As reported in the main CONSORT statement, a systematic review has shown that research funded by the pharmaceutical industry is more likely to report findings in its favour, compared with reports of research funded by independent funding bodies.2 61”
From CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Restricted randomisation is particularly useful in small trials evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, to ensure balance in certain characteristics between intervention and control groups”
From CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials. (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A quality assessment of each report was carried out to determine if the study followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) criteria [42].”
From Patient Engagement with Conversational Agents in Health Applications 2016–2022: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For this protocol, we will follow the CONSORT statement (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials, http://www.consort-statement.org) (25, 26) and the SPIRIT guidelines (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (27, 28).”
From Spanish Adaptation of Meaning-Centered Psychotherapy for Participants With Cancer: Study Protocol of a Randomized Control Trial (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This trial was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT04074681) and will be carried out taking into account the CONSORT 2010 (Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials; www.consort-statement.org) (Moher et al., 2010) and the CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines (Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials of Electronic and Mobile Health Applications and Online TeleHealth) (Eysenbach and CONSORT”
From Efficacy of an internet-based psychological intervention for problem gambling and gambling disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Moher et al., 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The results of the study will be reported according to the guidelines of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement [45].”
From HELP@APP: Development and evaluation of a self-help app for traumatized Syrian refugees in Germany- A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The RCT was conducted in accordance with the CONSORT 2010 Statement [51] and the CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines [52,53] to study the efficacy of two experimental conditions: 1) In Vivo Exposure and 2) Augmented Reality Exposure (see S1 CONSORT Checklist).”
From In Vivo versus augmented reality exposure in the treatment of small animal phobia: A randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as [52]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“As reported in the main CONSORT statement, a systematic review has shown that research funded by the pharmaceutical industry is more likely to report findings in its favour, compared with reports of research funded by independent funding bodies [2, 61]”
From CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Two reviewers (Zhen Qu and Jiangyi Ju) independently assessed the risk of bias for each included study. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed via the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 (RoB 2.0) tool (19).”
From Effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of chronic sciatica from herniated disks: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [19]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“since findings from case studies sometimes fail to be replicated in controlled trials (CONSORT; Moher et al., 2010).”
From THE EFFICACY OF A COMPASSION, ACCEPTANCE AND MINDFULNESS-BASED PILOT INTERVENTION FOR ADOLESCENTS’ TEST ANXIETY: A CASE STUDY USING THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM (2023) · cites this paper as Moher et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Regarding reporting of adverse events, despite the recommendation of reporting adverse events in clinical trials by the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials Group [41], only 1 study [20] reported adverse events.”
From A systematic review of artificial intelligence chatbots for promoting physical activity, healthy diet, and weight loss (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“Restricted randomisation is particularly useful in small trials evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention, to ensure balance in certain characteristics between intervention and control groups (see main CONSORT statement) [2, 61].”
From CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010 · Cited by 17,796
Self-citationCONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & for the CONSORT Group (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c332 · Cited by 9,329
Self-citationSchulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634
Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., & Altman, D. G. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04337-3 · Cited by 5,373
Self-citationOptimal Medical Therapy with or without PCI for Stable Coronary Disease
Boden, W. E., O'Rourke, R. A., Teo, K. K., Hartigan, P. M., Maron, D. J., Kostuk, W. J., Knudtson, M., Dada, M., Casperson, P., Harris, C. L., et al. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa070829 · Cited by 4,699
Fractional Flow Reserve versus Angiography for Guiding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Tonino, P. A. L., Bruyne, B. D., Pijls, N. H. J., Siebert, U., Ikeno, F., Veer, M. V. ’., Klauß, V., Manoharan, G., Engstrøm, T., Oldroyd, K. G., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0807611 · Cited by 4,295
The Revised CONSORT Statement for Reporting Randomized Trials: Explanation and Elaboration
Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Moher, D., Egger, M., Davidoff, F., Elbourne, D., Gøtzsche, P. C., Lang, T., & for the CONSORT Group (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00012 · Cited by 3,835
Self-citationAssessing the quality of controlled clinical trials
Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., & Egger, M. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.323.7303.42 · Cited by 3,309
Self-citationTowards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: The STARD Initiative.
Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L. M., Lijmer, J. G., Moher, D., Rennie, D., de Vet, H. C. W., et al. (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-138-1-200301070-00010 · Cited by 3,219
Self-citationImproving the Quality of Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials: The CONSORT Statement
Begg, C. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540080059030 · Cited by 3,127
Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach.
Hill, I. D., & Pocock, S. (1984) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531186 · Cited by 2,918
Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies
Deeks, J., Dinnes, J., D'Amico, R., Sowden, A., Sakarovitch, C., Song, F., Petticrew, M., & Altman, D. (2003) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta7270 · Cited by 2,907
Self-citationCONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials
Campbell, M. K., Elbourne, D. R., & Altman, D. G. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7441.702 · Cited by 2,557
Self-citationMoher, D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.1987 · Cited by 2,545
Self-citationExternal validity of randomised controlled trials: “To whom do the results of this trial apply?”
Rothwell, P. M. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)17670-8 · Cited by 2,544
Wood, L., Egger, M., Gluud, L. L., Schulz, K. F., Jüni, P., Altman, D. G., Gluud, C., Martin, R. M., Wood, A. J. G., & Sterne, J. A. C. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39465.451748.ad · Cited by 2,538
Self-citationAuvert, B., Taljaard, D., Lagarde, E., Sobngwi-Tambekou, J., Sitta, R., & Puren, A. (2005) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020298 · Cited by 2,451
Peto, R., Pike, M. C., Armitage, P., Breslow, N. E., Cox, D. R., Howard, S. V., Mantel, N., McPherson, K., Peto, J., & Smith, P. G. (1976) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1976.220 · Cited by 2,294
Boutron, I., Moher, D., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Ravaud, P., & for the CONSORT Group* (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-4-200802190-00008 · Cited by 2,292
Self-citationWhat is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials
Hollis, S., & Campbell, F. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7211.670 · Cited by 2,160
Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality: systematic review
Lexchin, J., Bero, L. A., Djulbegovic, B., & Clark, O. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7400.1167 · Cited by 2,147
Effect of clopidogrel added to aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation
The ACTIVE Investigators (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0901301 · Cited by 2,102
Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing.
Gardner, M. J., & Altman, D. G. (1986) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.292.6522.746 · Cited by 2,014
Self-citationComparison of Weight-Loss Diets with Different Compositions of Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrates
Sacks, F. M., Bray, G. A., Carey, V. J., Smith, S. R., Ryan, D. H., Anton, S. D., McManus, K., Champagne, C. M., Bishop, L. M., Laranjo, N., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0804748 · Cited by 1,966
Statistics notes: Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7003.485 · Cited by 1,946
Self-citationVasopressin versus Norepinephrine Infusion in Patients with Septic Shock
Russell, J. A., Walley, K. R., Singer, J., Gordon, A. C., Hébert, P. C., Cooper, D. J., Holmes, C. L., Mehta, S., Granton, J. T., Storms, M. M., et al. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa067373 · Cited by 1,924
The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect
Cook, R. J., & Sackett, D. L. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.310.6977.452 · Cited by 1,885
Smithson, M. J. (2000) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446218525 · Cited by 1,871
Health Measurement Scales--A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use
Waclawski, E. (2010) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqp179 · Cited by 1,870
Chan, A.-W., Hróbjartsson, A., Haahr, M. T., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Altman, D. G. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.20.2457 · Cited by 1,845
Self-citationGuidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ
Drummond, M. F., & Jefferson, T. O. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7052.275 · Cited by 1,827
Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: An extension of the CONSORT statement
Zwarenstein, M., Treweek, S., Gagnier, J. J., Altman, D. G., Tunis, S., Haynes, B., Oxman, A. D., Moher, D., & groups, F. T. C. A. P. T. I. H. (. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2390 · Cited by 1,813
Self-citationAn Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment
Laupacis, A., Sackett, D. L., & Roberts, R. S. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806303182605 · Cited by 1,681
Freiman, J. A., Chalmers, T. C., Smith, H., & Kuebler, R. R. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197809282991304 · Cited by 1,628
Better Reporting of Harms in Randomized Trials: An Extension of the CONSORT Statement
Ioannidis, J. P. A., Evans, S. J. W., Gøtzsche, P. C., O'Neill, R. T., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K., Moher, D., & for the CONSORT Group* (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-10-200411160-00009 · Cited by 1,593
Self-citationSystematic Review of the Empirical Evidence of Study Publication Bias and Outcome Reporting Bias
Dwan, K., Altman, D. G., Arnaiz, J. A., Bloom, J., Chan, A.-W., Cronin, E., Decullier, E., Easterbrook, P. J., Von Elm, E., Gamble, C., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003081 · Cited by 1,546
Self-citationEtanercept in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis: a randomised trial
Mease, P. J., Goffe, B. S., Metz, J. M., VanderStoep, A., Finck, B. K., & Burge, D. J. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02530-7 · Cited by 1,444
Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & for the CONSORT Group* (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00011 · Cited by 1,426
Self-citationSystematic Reviews in Health Care. Meta-analysis in Context.
Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.3.697 · Cited by 1,374
Brown, M. J., Palmer, C. R., Castaigne, A., de Leeuw, P. W., Mancia, G., Rosenthal, T., & Ruilope, L. M. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02527-7 · Cited by 1,206
Toward Evidence-Based Medical Statistics. 1: The P Value Fallacy
Goodman, S. N. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00008 · Cited by 1,188
Subgroup analysis and other (mis)uses of baseline data in clinical trials
Assmann, S. F., Pocock, S. J., Enos, L. E., & Kasten, L. E. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02039-0 · Cited by 1,167
Astrup, A., Rössner, S., Van Gaal, L., Rissanen, A., Niskanen, L., Al Hakim, M., Madsen, J., Rasmussen, M. F., & Lean, M. E. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61375-1 · Cited by 1,163
Reporting of Noninferiority and Equivalence Randomized Trials: An Extension of the CONSORT Statement
Piaggio, G., Elbourne, D. R., Altman, D. G., Pocock, S. J., Evans, S. J. W., & CONSORT Group, F. T. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.10.1152 · Cited by 1,153
Self-citationRecommendations for Reporting Cost-effectiveness Analyses
Siegel, J. E. (1996) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540160061034 · Cited by 1,147
Cumulative Meta-Analysis of Therapeutic Trials for Myocardial Infarction
Lau, J., Antman, E. M., Jimenez-Silva, J., Kupelnick, B., Mosteller, F., & Chalmers, T. C. (1992) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199207233270406 · Cited by 1,140
Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings.
Campbell, D. T. (1957) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0040950 · Cited by 1,138
The Risk of Determining Risk with Multivariable Models
Concato, J., Feinstein, A. R., & Holford, T. R. (1993) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-118-3-199302010-00009 · Cited by 1,129
Fox, K., Ford, I., Steg, P. G., Tendera, M., & Ferrari, R. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61170-8 · Cited by 1,099
Yusuf, S. (1991) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470010097038 · Cited by 1,014
Whittington, C. J., Kendall, T., Fonagy, P., Cottrell, D., Cotgrove, A., & Boddington, E. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16043-1 · Cited by 1,006
Streptomycin Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Medical Research Council Investigation
(1948) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4582.769 · Cited by 986
Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat.
Altman, D. G. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1309 · Cited by 938
Self-citationA consumer's guide to subgroup analyses
Oxman, A. D., & Guyatt, G. H. (1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-1-78 · Cited by 914
The scandal of poor medical research.
Altman, D. G. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.308.6924.283 · Cited by 897
Self-citationFundamentals of Clinical Trials
Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., & DeMets, D. L. (1998) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2915-3 · Cited by 873
Plint, A. C., Moher, D., Morrison, A., Schulz, K., Altman, D. G., Hill, C., & Gaboury, I. (2006) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2006.tb00557.x · Cited by 872
Self-citationMarshall, M., Lockwood, A., Bradley, C., Adams, C., Joy, C., & Fenton, M. (2000) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.176.3.249 · Cited by 870
Effect of encouragement on walking test performance.
Guyatt, G. H., Pugsley, S. O., Sullivan, M. J., Thompson, P. J., Berman, L., Jones, N. L., Fallen, E. L., & Taylor, D. W. (1984) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.39.11.818 · Cited by 816
Publication bias: the case for an international registry of clinical trials.
Simes, R. J. (1986) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1986.4.10.1529 · Cited by 747
Als-Nielsen, B., Chen, W., Gluud, C., & Kjaergard, L. L. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.7.921 · Cited by 746
Calculating the number needed to treat for trials where the outcome is time to an event
Altman, D. G., & Andersen, P. K. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7223.1492 · Cited by 710
Self-citationImpact of covert duplicate publication on meta-analysis: a case study
Tramèr, M. R., Reynolds, D. J. M., Moore, R. A., & McQuay, H. J. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.635 · Cited by 702
Why do we need some large, simple randomized trials?
Yusuf, S., Collins, R., & Peto, R. (1984) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780030421 · Cited by 700
Encyclopedia of Biostatistics.
Kemp, C. D., Armitage, P., & Coulton, T. (1998) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533871 · Cited by 676
Hopewell, S., Clarke, M., Moher, D., Wager, E., Middleton, P., Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., & and the CONSORT Group (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050020 · Cited by 674
Self-citationTate, D. F., Jackvony, E. H., & Wing, R. R. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.14.1833 · Cited by 666
Statistical Problems in the Reporting of Clinical Trials
Pocock, S., Hughes, M. D., & Lee, R. J. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198708133170706 · Cited by 663
Goodman, S. N., & Berlin, J. A. (1994) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00008 · Cited by 658
Melander, H., Ahlqvist-Rastad, J., Meijer, G., & Beermann, B. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7400.1171 · Cited by 634
Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires
Hyett, K., & Mills, T. (2006) · Australian Health Review · Cited by 632
What is missing from descriptions of treatment in trials and reviews?
Glasziou, P., Meats, E., Heneghan, C., & Shepperd, S. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39590.732037.47 · Cited by 614
Statistical Power, Sample Size, and Their Reporting in Randomized Controlled Trials
Moher, D. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520020048013 · Cited by 608
Self-citationReporting Randomized, Controlled Trials of Herbal Interventions: An Elaborated CONSORT Statement
Gagnier, J. J., Boon, H., Rochon, P., Moher, D., Barnes, J., Bombardier, C., & for the CONSORT Group* (2006) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00013 · Cited by 608
Self-citationCarvedilol for Children and Adolescents With Heart Failure
Shaddy, R. E., Boucek, M. M., Hsu, D. T., Boucek, R. J., Canter, C. E., Mahony, L., Ross, R. D., Pahl, E., Blume, E. D., Dodd, D. A., et al. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.10.1171 · Cited by 571
Wood, A., White, I. R., & Thompson, S. G. (2004) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1191/1740774504cn032oa · Cited by 559
Sample size calculations in randomised trials: mandatory and mystical
Schulz, K. F., & Grimes, D. A. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)61034-3 · Cited by 549
Self-citationThe Continuing Unethical Conduct of Underpowered Clinical Trials
Halpern, S. D. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.3.358 · Cited by 548
Moher, D., Fortin, P. R., Jadad, A. R., Jüni, P., Klassen, T. P., LeLorier, J., Liberati, A., Penna, A., & Linde, K. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90538-3 · Cited by 539
Self-citationPrevention of Depression in At-Risk Adolescents
Garber, J., Clarke, G. N., Weersing, V. R., Beardslee, W. R., Brent, D. A., Gladstone, T. R. G., DeBar, L., Lynch, F. L., D’Angelo, E. J., Hollon, S. D., et al. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.788 · Cited by 526
More informative abstracts revisited.
Haynes, R. B., Mulrow, C. D., Huth, E. J., Altman, D. G., & Gardner, M. J. (1990) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-113-1-69 · Cited by 526
Self-citationSubverting Randomization in Controlled Trials
Schulz, K. F. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530180050029 · Cited by 518
Self-citationSchulz, K. F. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520020051014 · Cited by 514
Self-citationDickersin, K. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.4.516 · Cited by 512
Albert, C. M., Cook, N. R., Gaziano, J. M., Zaharris, E., MacFadyen, J. G., Danielson, E., Buring, J. E., & Manson, J. E. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.17.2027 · Cited by 509
Reporting on Methods in Clinical Trials
DerSimonian, R., Charette, L. J., McPeek, B., & Mosteller, F. C. (1982) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198206033062204 · Cited by 509
Randomisation and baseline comparisons in clinical trials
Altman, D. G., & Doré, C. J. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90014-v · Cited by 508
Self-citationStatistics notes: How to randomise
Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.319.7211.703 · Cited by 506
Self-citationHopewell, S., Dutton, S., Yu, L.-M., Chan, A.-W., & Altman, D. G. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c723 · Cited by 504
Self-citationPrinciples of multilevel modelling.
Greenland, S. (2000) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/29.1.158 · Cited by 500
Joint Study of Extracranial Arterial Occlusion
Fields, W. S. (1970) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.211.12.1993 · Cited by 499
Statistics Notes: Blinding in clinical trials and other studies
Day, S. J. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7259.504 · Cited by 487
The uncertainty principle and industry-sponsored research
Djulbegović, B., Lacevic, M., Cantor, A. B., Fields, K. K., Bennett, C. L., Adams, J. R., Kuderer, N. M., & Lyman, G. H. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02605-2 · Cited by 485
Standardising outcomes for clinical trials and systematic reviews
Clarke, M. (2007) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-8-39 · Cited by 483
Some Thoughts on Clinical Trials, Especially Problems of Multiplicity
Tukey, J. W. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.333584 · Cited by 480
Campbell, M. J., Julious, S. A., & Altman, D. G. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7013.1145 · Cited by 476
Self-citationEpidemiology and reporting of randomised trials published in PubMed journals
Chan, A.-W., & Altman, D. G. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71879-1 · Cited by 474
Self-citationImpact of allocation concealment on conclusions drawn from meta-analyses of randomized trials
Pildal, J., Hrobjartsson, A., Jorgensen, K., Hilden, J., Altman, D., & Gotzsche, P. (2007) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dym087 · Cited by 472
Self-citationGuest Authorship and Ghostwriting in Publications Related to Rofecoxib
Ross, J. S., Hill, K., Egilman, D. S., & Krumholz, H. M. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.15.1800 · Cited by 466
CONSORT for reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts
Hopewell, S., Clarke, M., Moher, D., Wager, E., Middleton, P., Altman, D. G., & Schulz, K. F. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61835-2 · Cited by 458
Self-citationOutcome reporting bias in randomized trials funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Chan, A.-W. (2004) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.1041086 · Cited by 444
Review of survival analyses published in cancer journals
Altman, D., De Stavola, B., Love, S., & Stepniewska, K. (1995) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1995.364 · Cited by 438
Self-citationRandomised trial of laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy for acute and gangrenous cholecystitis
Kiviluoto, T. A., Sirén, J., Luukkonen, P. S., & Kivilaakso, E. O. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)08447-x · Cited by 435
Publication and related biases.
Song, Eastwood, Gilbody, Duley, & Sutton (2000) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta4100 · Cited by 427
Kjaergard, L. L., & Als-Nielsen, B. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7358.249 · Cited by 422
Controversy in Counting and Attributing Events in Clinical Trials
Sackett, D. L., & Gent, M. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197912273012602 · Cited by 413
Assembling Comparison Groups to Assess the Effects of Health care
Chalmers, L. (1997) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689709000706 · Cited by 410
Levin, M., Quint, P. A., Goldstein, B., Barton, P., Bradley, J. S., Shemie, S., Yeh, T. S., Kim, S. S., Cafaro, D. P., Scannon, P. J., et al. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02712-4 · Cited by 408
Factors That Can Affect the External Validity of Randomised Controlled Trials
Rothwell, P. M. (2006) · PLoS Clinical Trials · doi:10.1371/journal.pctr.0010009 · Cited by 399
Naylor, C., Chen, E., & Strauss, B. (1992) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-117-11-916 · Cited by 392
Guidelines for Statistical Reporting in Articles for Medical Journals
Bailar, J. C., & MOSTELLER, F. (1988) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-108-2-266 · Cited by 387
Randomization, Statistics, and Causal Inference
Greenland, S. (1990) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199011000-00003 · Cited by 385
Content and quality of 2000 controlled trials in schizophrenia over 50 years
Thornley, B., & Adams, C. E. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1181 · Cited by 362
Minimisation: the platinum standard for trials?
Treasure, T., & MacRae, K. D. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7155.362 · Cited by 360
Noseworthy, J. H., Ebers, G. C., Vandervoort, M. K., Farquhar, R. E., Yetisir, E., & Roberts, R. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.1.16 · Cited by 342
Reliable assessment of the effects of treatment on mortality and major morbidity, I: clinical trials
Collins, R., & MacMahon, S. W. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03651-5 · Cited by 341
Gøtzsche, P. C. (1989) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(89)90017-2 · Cited by 339
Self-citationComparability of Randomised Groups
Altman, D. G. (1985) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D (The Statistician) · doi:10.2307/2987510 · Cited by 329
Self-citationGilligan, D., Nicolson, M. C., Smith, I., Groen, H. J. M., Dalesio, O., Goldstraw, P. G., Hatton, M. Q. F., Hopwood, P., Manegold, C., Schramel, F. M. N. H., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60714-4 · Cited by 328
Value of Flow Diagrams in Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials
Egger, M. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.1996 · Cited by 317
Self-citationIntention-to-treat analysis and the goals of clinical trials*
Sheiner, L. B., & Rubin, D. B. (1995) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0009-9236(95)90260-0 · Cited by 315
Intentional Ignorance: A History of Blind Assessment and Placebo Controls in Medicine
Kaptchuk, T. J. (1998) · Bulletin of the history of medicine · doi:10.1353/bhm.1998.0159 · Cited by 315
How important is publication bias? A synthesis of available data.
Dickersin, K. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 312
Median follow-up in clinical trials.
Shuster, J. J. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1991.9.1.191 · Cited by 310
A Proposal for Structured Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials
Andrew, E. (1994) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520240054041 · Cited by 309
A randomised controlled trial of care of the perineum during second stage of normal labour
McCandlish, R., Bowler, U., van Asten, H., et al. (1998) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10004.x · Cited by 308
Pharmaceutical company funding and its consequences: A qualitative systematic review
Sismondo, S. (2007) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2007.08.001 · Cited by 304
Reporting on quality of life in randomised controlled trials: bibliographic study
Sanders, C., Egger, M., Donovan, J., Tallon, D., & Frankel, S. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7167.1191 · Cited by 304
Self-citationAccuracy of data in abstracts of published research articles
Pitkin, R. M. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.12.1110 · Cited by 302
Comparison of Oral Fluconazole and Itraconazole for Progressive, Nonmeningeal Coccidioidomycosis
Galgiani, J. N., Catanzaro, A., Cloud, G. A., Johnson, R. H., Williams, P. L., Mirels, L. F., Nassar, F., Lutz, J. E., Stevens, D. A., Sharkey, P. K., et al. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-9-200011070-00009 · Cited by 294
CONSORT Revised—Improving the Reporting of Randomized Trials
Rennie, D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.2006 · Cited by 293
Reporting of Safety Results in Published Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials
(2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.306 · Cited by 287
Analysis and Reporting of Factorial Trials
McAlister, F. A., Straus, S. E., Sackett, D. L., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.19.2545 · Cited by 287
Self-citationAnalysis of clinical trials by treatment actually received: Is it really an option?
Lee, Y. J., Ellenberg, J. H., Hirtz, D. G., & Nelson, K. B. (1991) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780101011 · Cited by 281
Reporting of sample size calculation in randomised controlled trials: review
Charles, P., Giraudeau, B., Dechartres, A., Baron, G., & Ravaud, P. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b1732 · Cited by 274
Issues in data monitoring and interim analysis of trials
Grant, A., Altman, D. G., Babiker, A. G., Campbell, M., Clemens, F., Darbyshire, J. H., Elbourne, D. R., McLeer, S., Parmar, M., Pocock, S., et al. (2005) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta9070 · Cited by 273
Self-citationStatistics Notes: Units of analysis
Altman, D. G., & Martin Bland, J. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7098.1874 · Cited by 271
Self-citationFergusson, D. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.37952.631667.ee · Cited by 264
Handling drop‐out in longitudinal clinical trials: a comparison of the LOCF and MMRM approaches
Lane, P. (2008) · Pharmaceutical Statistics · doi:10.1002/pst.267 · Cited by 262
Devereaux, P. J. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.2000 · Cited by 258
Self-citationWhen to stop a clinical trial.
Pocock, S. J. (1992) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6847.235 · Cited by 255
The causes and effects of socio-demographic exclusions from clinical trials
Bartlett, C., Doyal, L., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Davey, P., Bachmann, M. O., Egger, M., & Dieppe, P. A. (2005) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta9380 · Cited by 251
Self-citationUsers' Guides to the Medical Literature
Dans, A. L., Dans, L. F., Guyatt, G. H., Richardson, S., & for the Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.7.545 · Cited by 250
Chalmers, T. C., Levin, H. R., Sacks, H. S., Reitman, D., Berrier, J., & Nagalingam, R. (1987) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780060320 · Cited by 250
Bero, L., Oostvogel, F., Bacchetti, P., & Lee, K. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040184 · Cited by 249
Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals
(1997) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-126-1-199701010-00006 · Cited by 248
The Landscape and Lexicon of Blinding in Randomized Trials
Schulz, K. F., Chalmers, I., & Altman, D. G. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00022 · Cited by 247
Self-citationHopewell, S., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & Schulz, K. F. (2008) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-9-20 · Cited by 241
Self-citationCONSORT: An Evolving Tool to Help Improve the Quality of Reports of Randomized Controlled Trials
Moher, D. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.18.1489 · Cited by 240
Self-citationMisuse of statistical methods: critical assessment of articles in BMJ from January to March 1976.
Gore, S. M., Jones, I., & Rytter, E. (1977) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6053.85 · Cited by 238
Hupperets, M., Verhagen, E. A. L. M., & van Mechelen, W. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2684 · Cited by 236
Intention to treat – who should use ITT?
Lewis, J., & Machin, D. (1993) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1993.402 · Cited by 236
A strategy for modelling the effect of a continuous covariate in medicine and epidemiology.
Royston, P. (2000) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/1097-0258(20000730)19:14 · Cited by 234
Clinical Trials: Design, Conduct, and Analysis
Baker, L. H. (1987) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1987.03390090119041 · Cited by 231
Bolliger, C. T. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7257.329 · Cited by 231
Issues in the Registration of Clinical Trials
Zarin, D. A., Ide, N. C., Tse, T., Harlan, W. R., West, J. C., & Lindberg, D. A. B. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.19.2112 · Cited by 228
Statistics in medical journals
Altman, D. G. (1982) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780010109 · Cited by 227
Self-citationReference bias in reports of drug trials.
Gøtzsche, P. C. (1987) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6599.654 · Cited by 224
Self-citationSANDLER, A. D., Sutton, K. A., DeWeese, J., Girardi, M. A., Sheppard, V., & Bodfish, J. W. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199912093412404 · Cited by 217
The Case of the Missing Data: Methods of Dealing with Dropouts and other Research Vagaries
Streiner, D. L. (2002) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370204700111 · Cited by 215
Low-Dose Hydrochlorothiazide and Preservation of Bone Mineral Density in Older Adults
LaCroix, A. Z., Ott, S. M., Ichikawa, L., Scholes, D., & Barlow, W. E. (2000) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-133-7-200010030-00010 · Cited by 210
Pildal, J., Chan, A.-W., Hróbjartsson, A., Forfang, E., Altman, D. G., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2005) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.38414.422650.8f · Cited by 209
Self-citationStatistical Evaluation of Medical Journal Manuscripts
Schor, S. (1966) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1966.03100130097026 · Cited by 207
van Zanten, S. J. V., Cleary, C., Talley, N. J., Peterson, T. C., Nyrén, O., Bradley, L. A., Verlinden, M. H., & Tytgat, G. N. J. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 206
Interpreting Incomplete Data in Studies of Diet and Weight Loss
Ware, J. H. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejme030054 · Cited by 205
Taddio, A., the CIHR Team in Children’s Pain, Fassos, F. F., Boon, H., Ilersich, A. L. T., & Einarson, T. R. (1994) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 203
Interim Analyses in Randomized Clinical Trials: Ramifications and Guidelines for Practitioners
Geller, N. L., & Pocock, S. (1987) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531962 · Cited by 202
Chan, A.-W., Hrobjartsson, A., Jorgensen, K. J., Gotzsche, P. C., & Altman, D. G. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a2299 · Cited by 202
Self-citationEarly versus delayed neonatal administration of a synthetic surfactant — the judgment of OSIRIS
The Osiris Collaborative Group (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)92557-v · Cited by 201
Development of The Cochrane Collaboration's Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials
Dickersin, K., Manheimer, E., Wieland, S., Robinson, K. A., Lefebvre, C., & McDonald, S. (2002) · Evaluation & the Health Professions · doi:10.1177/0163278702025001004 · Cited by 198
Webster, J., Clarke, S., Paterson, D. L., Hutton, A., Dyk, S. V., Gale, C., & Hopkins, T. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a339 · Cited by 192
Randomisation to protect against selection bias in healthcare trials
Kunz, R., Vist, G. E., & Oxman, A. D. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000012.pub2 · Cited by 191
Savulescu, J., Chalmers, I., & Blunt, J. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7069.1390 · Cited by 189
Completeness of reporting trial results: effect on physicians' willingness to prescribe
Bobbio, M., Demichelis, B., & Giustetto, G. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92407-4 · Cited by 188
Fanaroff, A. A., Korones, S. B., Wright, L. L., Wright, E. C., Poland, R. L., Bauer, C. R., Tyson, J. E., Philips, J. B., Edwards, W. H., Lucey, J. F., et al. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199404213301602 · Cited by 187
Adaptive Designs for Randomized Trials in Public Health
Brown, C. H., Ten Have, T. R., Jo, B., Dagne, G., Wyman, P. A., Muthén, B., & Gibbons, R. D. (2009) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.031308.100223 · Cited by 184
The case for structuring the discussion of scientific papers
Docherty, M., & Smith, R. (1999) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7193.1224 · Cited by 183
Ascorbic Acid for the Common Cold
Karlowski, T. R. (1975) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1975.03240220018013 · Cited by 182
Statistics with Confidence. Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines
Newcombe, R. G. (1990) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.27.1.71 · Cited by 181
Limitations are not properly acknowledged in the scientific literature
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.09.011 · Cited by 180
Properties of simple randomization in clinical trials
Lachin, J. M. (1988) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(88)90046-3 · Cited by 175
Non-random Reflections on Health Services Research
Clarke, M. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7143.1543 · Cited by 175
In the dark The reporting of blinding status in randomized controlled trials
Montori, V. M., Bhandari, M., Devereaux, P. J., Manns, B., Ghali, W. A., & Guyatt, G. H. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(02)00446-8 · Cited by 175
Self-citationStatistics Notes: Interaction 2: compare effect sizes not P values
Matthews, J. N. S., & Altman, D. G. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7060.808 · Cited by 174
Self-citationvan Linschoten, R., van Middelkoop, M., Berger, M. Y., Heintjes, E. M., Verhaar, J. A. N., Willemsen, S. P., Koes, B. W., & Bierma‐Zeinstra, S. (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b4074 · Cited by 173
Altman, D. G. (1991) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6791.1481 · Cited by 172
Self-citationFergusson, D. A., Glass, K. C., Hutton, B., & Shapiro, S. (2005) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1191/1740774505cn085oa · Cited by 167
Bonell, C. P., Oakley, A., Hargreaves, J., Strange, V., & Rees, R. W. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7563.346 · Cited by 165
King, M., Nazareth, I., Lampe, F. C., Bower, P., Chandler, M., Morou, M., Sibbald, B., & Lai, R. (2005) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta9350 · Cited by 164
Schulz, K. F., Grimes, D. A., Altman, D. G., & Hayes, R. J. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7033.742 · Cited by 163
Self-citationSplint for Base-of-Thumb Osteoarthritis
Rannou, F., Dimet, J., Boutron, I., Baron, G., Fayad, F., Macé, Y., Beaudreuil, J., Richette, P., Ravaud, P., Revel, M., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-150-10-200905190-00003 · Cited by 160
The role of randomization in clinical trials
Armitage, P. (1982) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780010412 · Cited by 153
The randomized clinical trial: bias in analysis.
May, G. S., DeMets, D. L., Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., & Passamani, E. R. (1981) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.64.4.669 · Cited by 152
Randomised trials, human nature, and reporting guidelines
Schulz, K. F. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)01201-9 · Cited by 152
Self-citationWho is blinded in randomized clinical trials? A study of 200 trials and a survey of authors
Haahr, M. T., & Hróbjartsson, A. (2006) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1177/1740774506069153 · Cited by 152
(1996) · PubMed · Cited by 150
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Schachter HM, Pham B, King J, Langford S, Moher D. The efficacy and safety of methylphenidate in attention deficit disorder: A systematic review and meta-analyis. Prepared for the Therapeutics Inititiative, Vancouver, B.C., and the British Columbia Ministry for Children and Families, 2000.
- Altman, 2009, Missing outcomes in randomised trials: addressing the dilemma, Open Med, 3, e21
- Annals of Internal Medicine. Information for authors. Available at www.annals.org (accessed 15 Jan 2008).
- Chan, 2008, The SPIRIT initiative: defining standard protocol items for randomised trials. Oral presentation at the 16th Cochrane Colloquium: Evidence in the era of globalisation; 2008 Oct 3-7; Freiburg, Germany [[abstract]], Zeitschrift fur Evidenz, Fortbildung und Qualitat im Gesundheitswesen, 102, 27
Cited by
Sorted by citations
CONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials.
Eldridge, S. M., Chan, C. L., Campbell, M. J., Bond, C. M., Hopewell, S., Thabane, L., & Lancaster, G. A. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i5239 · Cited by 3,404
Self-citationConsort 2010 statement: extension to cluster randomised trials
Campbell, M. K., Piaggio, G., Elbourne, D. R., Altman, D. G., & for the CONSORT Group (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e5661 · Cited by 3,510
Self-citationCONSORT 2010 statement: extension to randomised pilot and feasibility trials
on behalf of the PAFS consensus group, Eldridge, S. M., Chan, C. L., Campbell, M. J., Bond, C. M., Hopewell, S., Thabane, L., & Lancaster, G. A. (2016) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-016-0105-8 · Cited by 2,843
Self-citationMoons, K. G. M., de Groot, J. A. H., Bouwmeester, W., Vergouwe, Y., Mallett, S., Altman, D. G., Reitsma, J. B., & Collins, G. S. (2014) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001744 · Cited by 2,018
Self-citationDonnelly, J. E., Hillman, C. H., Castelli, D., Etnier, J. L., Lee, S., Tomporowski, P., Lambourne, K., & Szabo-Reed, A. N. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000901 · Cited by 1,864
Metadata
- Authors
- Moher, D., Hopewell, S., Schulz, K. F., Montori, V., Gøtzsche, P. C., Devereaux, P. J., Elbourne, D., Egger, M., & Altman, D. G.
- Affiliations
- Ottawa Hospital (CA)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Family Health International 360 (US)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- McMaster University (CA)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Moher, David
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e1-e37
- ISSN
- 0895-4356 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4235092737
- Cited by
- 1,858
- References
- 303
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 107 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 153 · 2020: 179 · 2019: 146 · 2018: 121 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 132 · 2015: 140 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 83 · 2012: 81
- FWCI
- 74.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- Johns Hopkins University
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute
- McMaster University
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- University of Oxford
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- University of California, Irvine
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Keywords
- CONSORT 2010, reporting quality, randomized controlled trials, reporting bias, selective outcome reporting, flowcharts, trial reporting checklist, critical appraisal
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Publishing, Quality Control, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Guidelines as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
