Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles: A double-edged sword in central nervous system disorders
Open accessAbstract
Recent studies suggest that astrocytes released a great quantity of extracellular vesicles (AEVs) to communicate with other brain cells. Under pathological conditions, AEVs are widely associated with the pathogenesis of neurobiological diseases by horizontally transferring pathogenic factors to neighboring cells or peripheral immune cells. Their beneficial role is also evident by the fact that they are involved in neuroprotection and neuroregeneration through alleviating apoptosis, maintaining neuronal function, and repairing neural injuries. The strong association of AEVswith neurological disorders makes AEVs a promising target for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The identification of disease-specific cargos in AEVs isolated from the patients' biofluids suggests AEVs as an attractive platform for biomarker development. Furthermore, the inhibition of inflammatory/toxic AEV release and the preservation of neuroprotective AEV release have been considered as potential therapeutic strategies in CNS disorder treatment and prevention, respectively. Here, we summarize the biological roles of AEVs as pathological contributors, protective/regenerative factors, and potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for neurological disorders, with a focus on recent progresses and emerging concepts.
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The release of EVs by reactive astrocytes serves as communication with other glial cells, neurons, and immune cells.
“The release of EVs by reactive astrocytes serves as a means of communication with other glial cells, neurons, and even cells of the immune system [193, 196].”
From Extracellular vesicles as nanotheranostic platforms for targeted neurological disorder interventions (2024) · cites this paper as [196]
In pathologies or inflammatory insults, AEVs can exert a neuroprotective role by moving neurotoxic molecules out of the cell and a neurotoxic effect by helping the spread of disease-associated molecules such as amyloids and/or prions.
“Indeed, they can exert a neuroprotective role [by moving neurotoxic molecules out of the cell (Falker et al., 2016)] together with a neurotoxic effect [by helping the spread of disease-associated molecules such as amyloids, and/or prions (Falker et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2021)].”
From Interlaminar and varicose-projection astrocytes: toward a new understanding of the primate brain (2024) · cites this paper as Zhao et al., 2021
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- Authors
- Zhao, S., Sheng, S., Wang, Y., Ding, L., Xu, X., Xia, X., & Zheng, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Tongji University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xia, Xiaohuan
- Zheng, Jialin C.
- Venue
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-06
- Volume
- 125
- Pages
- 148-159
- ISSN
- 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3133128969
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 130
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (91949204, 81830037, 81901333, 81971145)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Keywords
- astrocytes, central nervous system disorders, neuroprotection, nerve regeneration, biomarkers, disease diagnosis, therapeutic target, neuroinflammation, apoptosis, intercellular communication, peripheral immune cells
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, Astrocytes, Brain, Central Nervous System Diseases, Humans, Neurons
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