Different sourced extracellular vesicles and their potential applications in clinical treatments
Open accessAbstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a heterogeneous group of natural cell-derived nanostructures that are increasingly regarded as promising biotherapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles in human medicine. Desirable intrinsic properties of EVs including the ability to bypass natural membranous barriers and to deliver their unique biomolecular cargo to specific cell populations position them as fiercely competitive alternatives for currently available cell therapies and artificial drug delivery platforms. EVs with distinct characteristics can be released from various cell types into the extracellular environment as a means of transmitting bioactive components and altering the status of the target cell. Despite the existence of a large number of preclinical studies confirming the therapeutic efficacy of different originated EVs for treating several pathological conditions, in this review, we first provide a brief overview of EV biophysical properties with an emphasis on their intrinsic therapeutic benefits over cell-based therapies and synthetic delivery systems. Next, we describe in detail different EVs derived from distinct cell sources, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and recapitulate their therapeutic effects on various human disorders to highlight the progress made in harnessing EVs for clinical applications. Finally, knowledge gaps and concrete hurdles that currently hinder the clinical translation of EV therapies are debated with a futuristic perspective.
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Non-genetically modified cell therapies and their derived extracellular vesicles are particularly promising because of lower regulatory complexity and potential for earlier clinical adoption.
“Among these, non-genetically modified cell therapies and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particularly promising because of their lower regulatory complexity and potential for earlier clinical adoption (Wang et al., 2021; Bahmani and Ullah, 2022; Thom and Cronin, 2024).”
From Isolator-based point-of-care manufacturing: a practical solution for GMP-compliant cell and extracellular vesicles therapy production (2025) · cites this paper as Bahmani and Ullah, 2022
The Introduction and §2.3 (page unavailable) describe EVs as promising alternatives to cell therapies, citing therapeutic and safety advantages. They do not distinguish non-genetically modified therapies or attribute their promise to lower regulatory complexity or earlier clinical adoption. The Introduction and §5 instead note hurdles to clinical translation. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Bahmani, L., & Ullah, M.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ullah, Mujib
- Venue
- Cells
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-06-21
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1989
- ISSN
- 2073-4409 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9265969
- OpenAlex
- W4283270459
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 1.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cells (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Keywords
- extracellular vesicles, cell-derived vesicles, drug carriers, clinical translation, therapeutic applications, clinical translation barriers
- MeSH terms
- Extracellular Vesicles, Cell Communication, Humans, Drug Delivery Systems, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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