Cited by 2,263Psychometric Methodologies and TestingStatistical Methods and Bayesian InferenceStatistical Methods and Applications

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Structural equations modeling: Fit Indices, sample size, and advanced topics

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Iacobucci, Dawn·2010·Journal of Consumer Psychology

DOI 10.1016/j.jcps.2009.09.003

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Abstract

This article is the second of two parts intended to serve as a primer for structural equations models for the behavioral researcher. The first article introduced the basics: the measurement model, the structural model, and the combined, full structural equations model. In this second article, advanced issues are addressed, including fit indices and sample size, moderators, longitudinal data, mediation, and so forth.

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“1989, Iacobucci 2010, Cangur and Ercan 2015) that were χ2/df, the normed fit index, the Tucker Lewis index, the comparative fit index, and the root mean square error of approximation.”
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“The data collected were 100 respondents, based on the sampling criteria agreed upon by Dawn Iacobucci (2010) in a study using the SEM approach and supported by the opinion of Anderson & Gerbing (1984) and Jogiyanto (2004).”
Method
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“…root-mean-square errors of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.08 (Steiger, 1980), standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR) < 0.05 (Hu & Bentler, 1999; Iacobucci, 2010; Kline, 2015; Schermelleh-Engel et al., 2003), comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.90 (Bentler, 1995), Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) > 0.95…”
Influential
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“Acceptable and excellent model fit is demonstrated by lower, nonsignificant χ2, CFI and TLI preferably 0.90 or higher, RMSEA preferably 0.08 or lower, and SRMR preferably 0.09 or lower (Iacobucci, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
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“9).(14,15) We used different scores based on the direction of the risk related to the variables, negative or positive direction; the inverse coding was used for variables such as time restriction.”
BackgroundMethod
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“Based on the 15 parameters estimated in this study, the sample size of 575 is adequate to identify indirect effects (Iacobucci, 2010; Thoemmes et al., 2010).”
Background
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“CFA requires a minimum of 50 samples [25], preferably 800 [26].”
Background
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“An incremental fit index, including comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker–Lewis incremental fit index (TLI), is analogous to R2 and so a value of zero indicates having the worst possible model and a value of one indicates having the best possible (Iacobucci 2010).”
Method
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Export knowledge
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“**Problems with sample size (Sharma, Mukherjee, Kumar & Dillon, 2005; Moss, 2009; Iacobucci, 2010).”
Background
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“Path analyses using maximum likelihood estimation (Iacobucci, 2010) were conducted to test research question one and hypothesis five.”
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“09 [45,46].”
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“These requirements consist of having five or fewer constructs, data that adheres to a normal distribution, substantial item communalities, reliable measurements, and a minimum of three items per construct (Hair et al., 2019; Iacobucci, 2010).”
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“Except for path coefficients for compatibility and professional training, the regression coefficients of all other variables are between 0.20 and 0.49, meeting the reliability requirement of regression coefficients greater than 0.19 (Iacobucci, 2010).”
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“Referring to the ratio of χ 2 /df , a cut-off value of χ 2 /df ≤ 3.00 was used to indicate a satisfactory fit (Iacobucci, 2010).”
Influential
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“The indices are all within the reference range (Hu & Bentler, 1999; Iacobucci, 2010;”
Background

Authors: Iacobucci, D.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author: Iacobucci, Dawn
ORCID: Iacobucci, Dawn
Venue: Journal of Consumer Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2009-10-03
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 90-98
ISSN: 1057-7408 (ISSN-L)
1532-7663
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcps.2009.09.003
OpenAlex: W2038318317
Cited by: 2,263
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 111 · 2025: 193 · 2024: 193 · 2023: 186 · 2022: 210 · 2021: 208 · 2020: 158 · 2019: 193 · 2018: 169 · 2017: 129 · 2016: 128 · 2015: 123 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 86 · 2012: 53
FWCI: 34.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
papers.ssrn.com
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Consumer Psychology (publishedVersion)
SSRN Electronic Journal (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Applications
Keywords: structural equation modeling, model fit indices, sample size, moderators, longitudinal data, mediation, measurement model, structural model

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Structural equations modeling: Fit Indices, sample size, and advanced topics

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