Comparison of relaxation training with a cognitive-behavioural intervention for indicated prevention of depression in university students: a randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Although cognitive-behavioural programmes for preventing depression have produced promising findings, their administration requires extensive training. Relaxation techniques are more straightforward psychological strategies, but they have not been investigated in the prevention of depression. This trial aimed to compare the results of relaxation training (RT) with that of a cognitive-behavioural programme (CBT) for prevention of depression in university students with elevated depressive symptoms. The 133 participants (mean age 23.3 years, 82% women) were randomly assigned to CBT or RT. Both programmes were administered to groups of 5 or 6 participants in eight weekly 90-min sessions. Participants were evaluated by independent raters before, immediately after, and 3 and 6 months after taking part in the programmes. By itself, intervention type had no significant effect on either depression or anxiety scores. The scores were lower at the follow-up time points with respect to pre-intervention scores. Effect size was greatest between pre- and immediately post-intervention scores for CBT, d = 1.32, 95% CI [1.00, 1.64], and between pre- and 6-month post-intervention scores for RT, d = 0.75, 95% CI [0.47, 1.03]. Anxiety symptoms were significantly improved by both interventions at 3-month follow-up, and by CBT at 6-month follow-up also. In the medium term (3-6 months), relaxation training produced similar reductions in depressive and anxiety symptoms as a more complex cognitive-behavioural programme.
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy interventions have produced efficacious results in college settings.
“Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions [8–11], as well as mindfulness and acceptance-based approaches [12, 13], have produced efficacious results in college settings.”
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- Authors
- Vázquez, F. L., Torres, A., Blanco, V., Díaz, O., Otero, P., & Hermida, E.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Vázquez, Fernando L.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-11
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1456-1463
- ISSN
- 0022-3956 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039338546
- Cited by
- 71
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8
- FWCI
- 9.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- depression prevention, relaxation training, cognitive behavioral therapy, university students, anxiety symptoms, group therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Relaxation Therapy, Spain, Students, Time Factors, Universities, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult
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