PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN COLLEGE STUDENTS: A METAANALYSIS: Review: Treatment of Depression in Students
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BACKGROUND: Expanded efforts to detect and treat depression among college students, a peak period of onset, have the potential to bear high human capital value from a societal perspective because depression increases college withdrawal rates. However, it is not clear whether evidence-based depression therapies are as effective in college students as in other adult populations. The higher levels of cognitive functioning and IQ and higher proportions of first-onset cases might lead to treatment effects being different among college students relative to the larger adult population. METHODS: We conducted a metaanalysis of randomized trials comparing psychological treatments of depressed college students relative to control groups and compared effect sizes in these studies to those in trials carried out in unselected populations of depressed adults. RESULTS: The 15 trials on college students satisfying study inclusion criteria included 997 participants. The pooled effect size of therapy versus control was g = 0.89 (95% CI: 0.66∼1.11; NNT = 2.13) with moderate heterogeneity (I(2) = 57; 95% CI: 23∼72). None of these trials had low risk of bias. Effect sizes were significantly larger when students were not remunerated (e.g. money, credit), received individual versus group therapy, and were in trials that included a waiting list control group. No significant difference emerged in comparing effect sizes among college students versus adults either in simple mean comparisons or in multivariate metaregression analyses. CONCLUSIONS: This metaanalysis of trials examining psychological treatments of depression in college students suggests that these therapies are effective and have effect sizes comparable to trials carried out among depressed adults.
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The college years represent a peak age period for depression onset.
“The college years are characterized by a developmentally challenging transition from adolescence to adulthood, which represents a peak age period for depression onset”
From Meta-analytic review of online guided self-help interventions for depressive symptoms among college students (2021) · cites this paper as Cuijpers et al., 2016
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Psychotherapy for Depression Across Different Age Groups: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
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“Ample research suggests that psychological interventions are effective in addressing symptoms of depression and anxiety (Bandelow et al., 2015; Carl et al., 2020; Cuijpers et al., 2016; Cuijpers, Karyotaki, de Wit, & Ebert, 2020; Cuijpers, Noma, et al., 2020).”
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“The college years are characterized by a developmentally challenging transition from adolescence to adulthood, which represents a peak age period for depression onset (Cuijpers et al., 2016; Ibrahim et al., 2013; Zivin et al., 2009).”
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- Authors
- Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I. A., Ebert, D. D., Koot, H. M., Auerbach, R. P., Bruffaerts, R., & Kessler, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Harvard University (US)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Cuijpers, Pim
- ORCID
- Venue
- Depression and Anxiety
- Publisher
- Hindawi Limited
- Published
- 2015-12-18
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 400-414
- ISSN
- 1091-4269 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4846553
- OpenAlex
- W2252860454
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Depression and Anxiety (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH097786)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- depression, university students, psychological intervention, psychotherapy effectiveness, treatment effect size, remuneration, waitlist control
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy, Students, Universities
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