CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 132Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychological Treatments and Assessments

Efficacy trial of a brief cognitive-behavioral depression prevention program for high-risk adolescents: effects at 1- and 2-year follow-up

Open access
Stice, Eric, Rohde, Paul, Gau, Jeff M., Wade, Emily·2010·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
DOI 10.1037/a0020544PMC PMC3715136
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of a brief group cognitive-behavioral (CB) depression prevention program for high-risk adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms at 1- and 2-year follow-up. METHOD: In this indicated prevention trial, 341 at-risk youths were randomized to a group CB intervention, group supportive expressive intervention, CB bibliotherapy, or educational brochure control condition. RESULTS: Significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms were shown by group CB participants relative to brochure control participants by 1-year follow-up and bibliotherapy participants by 1- and 2-year follow-up but not relative to supportive expressive participants. Supportive expressive participants showed greater symptom reduction than CB bibliotherapy participants did at 2-year follow-up. Risk for onset of major or minor depression over the 2-year follow-up was significantly lower for group CB participants (14%; odds ratio = 2.2) and CB bibliotherapy participants (3%; odds ratio = 8.1) than for brochure controls (23%). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that this group CB intervention reduces initial symptoms and risk for future depressive episodes, although both supportive expressive therapy and CB bibliotherapy also produce intervention effects that persist long term. Indeed, CB bibliotherapy emerged as the least expensive method of reducing risk for future episodes of depression.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/a0020544

Cites

41 of 41 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Bibliotherapy did not show significant improvement in initial depressive symptoms in the Rohde et al. RCT.

    “While the study suggests that bibliotherapy might have potential for long-term depression prevention and may be cost-effective (approximately $8 per participant), it did not show significant improvement in initial depressive symptoms.”

    From Recent developments in bibliotherapy for adolescent depression (2025) · cites this paper as [45]

  • Bibliotherapy might have potential for long-term depression prevention.

    “While the study suggests that bibliotherapy might have potential for long-term depression prevention and may be cost-effective (approximately $8 per participant), it did not show significant improvement in initial depressive symptoms.”

    From Recent developments in bibliotherapy for adolescent depression (2025) · cites this paper as [45]

  • Bibliotherapy may be cost-effective (approximately $8 per participant).

    “While the study suggests that bibliotherapy might have potential for long-term depression prevention and may be cost-effective (approximately $8 per participant), it did not show significant improvement in initial depressive symptoms.”

    From Recent developments in bibliotherapy for adolescent depression (2025) · cites this paper as [45]

  • In a large-scale RCT by Rohde et al., after a two-year follow-up, the incidence of new-onset depression was 3% in the bibliotherapy group, lower than in the group CBT (14%) and control (23%) groups.

    “After a two-year follow-up, the incidence of new-onset depression in the bibliotherapy group was 3%, lower than in the group CBT (14%) and control (23%) groups.”

    From Recent developments in bibliotherapy for adolescent depression (2025) · cites this paper as [45]

  • Baseline differences among groups in the Rohde et al. RCT may have influenced the outcomes.

    “Moreover, baseline differences among groups may have influenced the outcomes (45).”

    From Recent developments in bibliotherapy for adolescent depression (2025) · cites this paper as [45]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 42 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Gillham JE Reivich KJ Freres DR Lascher M Litzinger S Shatte A Seligman ME 2006 School-based prevention of depression and anxiety symptoms in early adolescence: A pilot of a parent intervention component School Psychology Quarterly 21 323 348b

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Stice, E., Rohde, P., Gau, J. M., & Wade, E.
Affiliations
  • The University of Texas at Austin (US)
  • Oregon Research Institute (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2010
Volume
78
Issue
6
Pages
856-867
ISSN
  • 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-2117
DOI
10.1037/a0020544
PMC
PMC3715136
OpenAlex
W2074214033
Cited by
131
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 15
FWCI
12.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (MH67183; MH80853)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
Keywords
depression prevention, cognitive behavioral therapy, adolescents, at-risk youth, depressive symptoms, bibliotherapy, supportive-expressive therapy, long-term follow-up, cost-effectiveness
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Analysis of Variance, Bibliotherapy, Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Psychotherapy, Brief, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Odds Ratio, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review