Dimensions of emotion dysregulation in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a conceptual review of the empirical literature
Open accessAbstract
Several existing conceptual models and psychological interventions address or emphasize the role of emotion dysregulation in eating disorders. The current article uses Gratz and Roemer's (2004) multidimensional model of emotion regulation and dysregulation as a clinically relevant framework to review the extant literature on emotion dysregulation in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Specifically, the dimensions reviewed include: (1) the flexible use of adaptive and situationally appropriate strategies to modulate the duration and/or intensity of emotional responses, (2) the ability to successfully inhibit impulsive behavior and maintain goal-directed behavior in the context of emotional distress, (3) awareness, clarity, and acceptance of emotional states, and (4) the willingness to experience emotional distress in the pursuit of meaningful activities. The current review suggests that both AN and BN are characterized by broad emotion regulation deficits, with difficulties in emotion regulation across the four dimensions found to characterize both AN and BN, although a small number of more specific difficulties may distinguish the two disorders. The review concludes with a discussion of the clinical implications of the findings, as well as a summary of limitations of the existing empirical literature and suggestions for future research.
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Both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa have demonstrated consistent associations with particular emotion regulation difficulties, including lack of awareness of emotions, lack of acceptance of emotions, negative beliefs about emotions or coping, and avoidance/suppression of emotions.
“One recent review concluded that both AN and BN had demonstrated consistent associations with particular emotion regulation difficulties, including lack of awareness of emotions, lack of acceptance of emotions, negative beliefs about emotions or coping, and avoidance/suppression of emotions.”
From The Renfrew Unified Treatment for Eating Disorders and Comorbidity: Long-Term Effects of an Evidence-Based Practice Implementation in Residential Treatment (2021) · cites this paper as [15]
The Discussion reports reduced emotional self-awareness and greater suppression and nonacceptance in both AN and BN. The emotion-understanding-and-acceptance section also reports negative beliefs about emotions in current AN, but does not establish the same finding in BN; it describes direct research on emotional avoidance in BN as limited. Thus, the claim overstates how consistently every listed difficulty is associated with both disorders. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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ResultThe socio-emotional processing stream in Anorexia Nervosa
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“…to this review, a number of theories (e.g., Haynos & Fruzzetti, 2011; Pearson, Wonderlich, & Smith, in press) and treatments (e.g., Wildes & Marcus, 2011; Wonderlich et al., 2014) have been developed that are consistent with an emotion dysregulation conceptualization of ED psychopathology.”
InfluentialEngel, S. G., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., Grange, D. L., Simonich, H. K., Cao, L., Lavender, J. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034010 · Cited by 264 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…of high or increasing negative affect prior to a variety of ED behaviors in AN, findings regarding the nature and direction of changes in negative affect following these behaviors have been mixed, in part due to the statistical approaches used to address this question (see Engel et al., 2013).”
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“…speculation that the insula, a brain region that is important for emotional processing and self-awareness, may play a critical role in altered interoceptive awareness and ED symptoms in AN and BN (Craig, 2009; Nunn, Frampton, Fuglset, Törzsök-Sonnevend, & Lask, 2011; Wagner et al., 2008).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInhibited expression of negative emotions and interpersonal orientation in anorexia nervosa
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“Some studies examining trajectories of momentary affect have reported a pattern in which negative affect increases prior to ED behaviors, and decreases after the behaviors (e.g., Berg et al., 2013; Smyth et al., 2007).”
BackgroundDistress tolerance in the eating disorders
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“…such as avoidance of emotioneliciting situations, negative urgency, and distress tolerance, particularly in clinical populations (e.g., Corstorphine et al., 2007; Fischer et al., 2007; 2012; Hambrook et al., 2011; Raykos et al., 2009); (2) the preponderance of cross-sectional studies,…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSensitivity to reward and punishment in eating disorders
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BackgroundResultInfluentialEmotion avoidance in patients with anorexia nervosa: Initial test of a functional model
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“Several theoretical models of AN emphasize the role of negative beliefs about emotions in AN, which may be construed as relevant to emotional expression (Schmidt & Treasure, 2006; Wildes et al., 2010), and empirical findings support these conceptual accounts.”
BackgroundNeural Correlates of Impaired Cognitive-Behavioral Flexibility in Anorexia Nervosa
Zastrow, A., Kaiser, S., Stippich, C., Walther, S., Herzog, W., Tchanturia, K., Belger, A., Weisbrod, M., Treasure, J. L., & Friederich, H. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050775 · Cited by 239 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…have revealed abnormal functioning in neurocircuitry underlying executive processes in AN and BN (e.g., Lock et al., 2011; Marsh et al., 2009, 2011; Wagner et al., 2007; Zastrow et al., 2009), which is relevant to dysregulated behaviors in BN and overregulated behaviors in AN, particularly ANr.”
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“Evidence of elevated experiential avoidance in those with AN compared to controls (Rawal et al., 2010) is also consistent with this notion.”
ResultAspects of social cognition in anorexia nervosa: Affective and cognitive theory of mind
Russell, T. A., Schmidt, U. H., Doherty, L., Young, V., & Tchanturia, K. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.10.028 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Attentional Bias, Emotion Recognition, and Emotion Regulation in Anorexia: State or Trait?
Harrison, A., Tchanturia, K., & Treasure, J. L. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.04.037 · Cited by 215 · cited 5× · see citing works
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript al., 2005 [mixed ED sample]; Harrison et al., 2010; Legenbauer, Vocks, & Ruddel, 2008; Sim & Zeman, 2004; Svaldi et al., 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialDeficits in emotion regulation associated with pathological gambling
Williams, A. D., Grisham, J. R., Erskine, A., & Cassedy, E. (2011) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02022.x · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Hilbert, A., & Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20401 · Cited by 206 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In contrast, other studies have found elevated negative emotional states prior to binge eating that further increase after the behavior (e.g., Hilbert & Tuschen-Caffier, 2007).”
ResultA risk and maintenance model for bulimia nervosa: From impulsive action to compulsive behavior.
Pearson, C. M., Wonderlich, S. A., & Smith, G. T. (2015) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0039268 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Golan, O., Baron-Cohen, S., Hill, J. J., & Golan, Y. (2006) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470910600980986 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Emotional Theory of Mind and Emotional Awareness in Recovered Anorexia Nervosa Patients
Oldershaw, A., Hambrook, D. G., Tchanturia, K., Treasure, J. L., & Schmidt, U. H. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181c6c7ca · Cited by 197 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A related line of research has utilized theory of mind-based tasks, with results further suggesting deficits in the recognition of complex emotions in AN versus controls (Harrison et al., 2010; Oldershaw et al., 2010; Russell, Schmidt, Doherty, Young, & Tchanturia, 2009).”
Gratz, K. L., & Tull, M. T. (2009) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9268-4 · Cited by 197 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…following treatment (e.g., Gratz, Tull, & Levy, 2013; Safer, Robinson, & Jo, 2010; Wonderlich et al., 2014); and (c) the dimensions have displayed differential associations with various psychopathological symptoms (e.g., Gratz & Tull, 2010; Racine & Wildes, 2013; Williams & Grisham, 2012).”
BackgroundGratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., & Levy, R. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002134 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Impulsiveness and lack of inhibitory control in eating disorders.
Claes, L., Nederkoorn, C., Vandereycken, W., Guerrieri, R., & Vertommen, H. (2006) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.05.001 · Cited by 192 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Evidence more clearly indicates that avoidance tendencies and punishment sensitivity are elevated in AN (Claes et al., 2006, 2010; Glashouwer et al., 2014; Harrison, et al., 2011; Jappe et al., 2011).”
BackgroundDeficient Activity in the Neural Systems That Mediate Self-regulatory Control in Bulimia Nervosa
Marsh, R., Steinglass, J. E., Gerber, A. J., Graziano O’Leary, K., Wang, Z., Murphy, D., Walsh, B. T., & Peterson, B. S. (2009) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.504 · Cited by 190 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, recent studies have revealed abnormal functioning in neurocircuitry underlying executive processes in AN and BN (e.g., Lock et al., 2011; Marsh et al., 2009, 2011; Wagner et al., 2007; Zastrow et al., 2009), which is relevant to dysregulated behaviors in BN and overregulated behaviors in…”
BackgroundThe Beliefs about Emotions Scale: Validity, reliability and sensitivity to change
Rimes, K. A., & Chalder, T. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.09.014 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
The recognition of emotion in the faces and voice of anorexia nervosa
Kucharska‐Pietura, K., Nikolaou, V., Masiak, M., & Treasure, J. L. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10219 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Gilboa‐Schechtman, E., Avnon, L., Zubery, E., & Jeczmien, P. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20163 · Cited by 187 · cited 5× · see citing works
“, 2013; Sureda, Valdes, Jodar, & de Pablo, 1999), although results are less consistent when controlling for depression and/or anxiety (e.g., Eizaguirre et al., 2004; Gilboa-Schechtman et al., 2006; Montebarocci et al., 2006; Rozenstein et al., 2011; Speranza et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPersonality traits after recovery from eating disorders: Do subtypes differ?
Wagner, A., Barbarich-Marsteller, N. C., Frank, G., Bailer, U. F., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Henry, S. E., Vogel, V., Plotnicov, K. H., McConaha, C. W., et al. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20251 · Cited by 181 · cited 5× · see citing works
“Findings from studies with recovered ED samples suggest that these propensities may persist with recovery (e.g., Harrison et al.; Wagner et al., 2006), although other results suggest differences between ill and recovered groups (e.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHunger Does Not Motivate Reward in Women Remitted from Anorexia Nervosa
Wierenga, C. E., Bischoff‐Grethe, A., Melrose, A. J., Irvine, Z., Torres, L. A., Bailer, U. F., Simmons, A. N., Fudge, J. L., McClure, S. M., Ely, A. V., et al. (2014) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.024 · Cited by 175 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, anterior ventral striatum), consistent with a shared trait for emotion dysregulation (e.g., Wagner et al., 2007; Wagner, 2010; Wierenga et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAlexithymia and depression in eating disorders
Corcos, M., Guilbaud, O., Speranza, M., Paterniti, S., Loas, G., Stéphan, P., & Jeammet, P. (2000) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(00)00109-8 · Cited by 164 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Findings from numerous studies using self-report measures suggest that those with AN exhibit greater alexithymia compared to controls (Corcos et al., 2000; Nandrino, Doba, Lesne, Christophe, & Pezard, 2006; Nowakowski, McFarlane, & Cassin; 2013; Schmidt, Jiwany, & Treasure, 1993; Taylor, Parker,…”
BackgroundInfluentialAlexithymia and facial emotion recognition in patients with eating disorders
Kessler, H., Schwarze, M., Filipic, S., Traue, H. C., & von Wietersheim, J. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20228 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Aberrant Brain Activation During a Response Inhibition Task in Adolescent Eating Disorder Subtypes
Lock, J., Garrett, A. S., Beenhakker, J., & Reiss, A. L. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10010056 · Cited by 162 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Moreover, recent studies have revealed abnormal functioning in neurocircuitry underlying executive processes in AN and BN (e.g., Lock et al., 2011; Marsh et al., 2009, 2011; Wagner et al., 2007; Zastrow et al., 2009), which is relevant to dysregulated behaviors in BN and overregulated behaviors in…”
BackgroundResultImpulsivity, Emotion Regulation, and Mindful Attentional Focus in Compulsive Buying
Williams, A. D., & Grisham, J. R. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-011-9384-9 · Cited by 153 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…following treatment (e.g., Gratz, Tull, & Levy, 2013; Safer, Robinson, & Jo, 2010; Wonderlich et al., 2014); and (c) the dimensions have displayed differential associations with various psychopathological symptoms (e.g., Gratz & Tull, 2010; Racine & Wildes, 2013; Williams & Grisham, 2012).”
BackgroundEvoked facial emotional expression and emotional experience in people with anorexia nervosa
Davies, H. A., Schmidt, U. H., Stahl, D. R., & Tchanturia, K. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20852 · Cited by 153 · cited 4× · see citing works
“…Waller et al., 2003), but a larger number of studies indicate the presence of greater suppression and reduced expression of emotions in AN (Danner et al., 2014; Davies et al., 2011; Geller, Cockell, Hewitt, Goldner, & Flett, 2000; Jansch et al., 2009; Oldershaw et al., 2012; Svaldi et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialStarvation and emotion regulation in anorexia nervosa
Brockmeyer, T., Holtforth, M. G., Bents, H., Kämmerer, A., Herzog, W., & Friederich, H. (2011) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.09.003 · Cited by 147 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript groups (Harrison, Tchanturia, & Treasure, 2010), and others finding no significant differences (e.g., Brockmeyer et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodAlexithymia and its relationships with anxiety and depression in eating disorders
Eizaguirre, A. E., Ortego, A., de Apellániz, I. O. D. A. M., Olariaga, L. J., & Juaniz, M. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00099-0 · Cited by 143 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…1994; Nowakowski et al., 2013; Sureda, Valdes, Jodar, & de Pablo, 1999), although results are less consistent when controlling for depression and/or anxiety (e.g., Eizaguirre et al., 2004; Gilboa-Schechtman et al., 2006; Montebarocci et al., 2006; Rozenstein et al., 2011; Speranza et al., 2005).”
ResultDaily mood patterns and bulimic behaviors in the natural environment
Crosby, R. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Engel, S. G., Simonich, H. K., Smyth, J. M., & Mitchell, J. E. (2008) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2008.11.006 · Cited by 142 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Finally, daily patterns of negative affect have been found to be associated with binge eating and purging in BN (Crosby et al., 2009), suggesting the importance of considering variability, in addition to intensity, of negative affect.”
BackgroundAn FMRI study of self-regulatory control and conflict resolution in adolescents with bulimia nervosa
Marsh, R., Horga, G., Wang, Z., Wang, P., Klahr, K. W., Berner, L. A., Walsh, B. T., & Peterson, B. S. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11010094 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Kane, T. A., Loxton, N. J., Staiger, P. K., & Dawe, S. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00070-9 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Alexithymia ratings in bulimia nervosa: clinical correlates
Jimerson, D. C., Wolfe, B. E., Franko, D. L., Covino, N. A., & Sifneos, P. E. (1994) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199403000-00002 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Anger and core beliefs in the eating disorders
Waller, G., Babbs, M., Milligan, R., Meyer, C., Ohanian, V., & Leung, N. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10163 · Cited by 132 · cited 6× · see citing works
“…AN and control groups or find greater suppression but not lower expression (Breaux & Moreno, 1994; Fassino, Daga, Piero, Leombruni, & Rovera, 2001; Waller et al., 2003), but a larger number of studies indicate the presence of greater suppression and reduced expression of emotions in AN (Danner et…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDepressive personality dimensions and alexithymia in eating disorders
Speranza, M., Corcos, M., Loas, G., Stéphan, P., Guilbaud, O., Pérez-Díaz, F., Vénisse, J.-L., Bizouard, P., Halfon, O., Flament, M. F., et al. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.04.001 · Cited by 129 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Other investigations have reported greater alexithymia in AN versus controls even when controlling for relevant affective constructs (Montebarocci et al., 2006; Speranza et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResultRacine, S. E., & Wildes, J. E. (2013) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22145 · Cited by 127 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…(2004) measure of emotion dysregulation suggest that overall emotion dysregulation is positively associated with ED severity in both AN and BN, with various emotion dysregulation dimensions differentially related to ED symptoms in each disorder (Lavender et al., 2014; Racine & Wildes, 2013).”
BackgroundMethodHambrook, D. G., Oldershaw, A., Rimes, K. A., Schmidt, U. H., Tchanturia, K., Treasure, J. L., Richards, S., & Chalder, T. (2010) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466510x519215 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Altered Temporal Difference Learning in Bulimia Nervosa
Frank, G., Reynolds, J. R., Shott, M. E., & O’Reilly, R. C. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.011 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Danner, U. N., Sternheim, L. C., & Evers, C. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.01.005 · Cited by 124 · cited 6× · see citing works
“…2001; Waller et al., 2003), but a larger number of studies indicate the presence of greater suppression and reduced expression of emotions in AN (Danner et al., 2014; Davies et al., 2011; Geller, Cockell, Hewitt, Goldner, & Flett, 2000; Jansch et al., 2009; Oldershaw et al., 2012; Svaldi et…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialAnorexia nervosa and the insula
Nunn, K., Frampton, I., Fuglset, T. S., Törzsök-Sonnevend, M., & Lask, B. (2011) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2010.10.038 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Beck, I. M. E., Smits, D., Claes, L., Vandereycken, W., & Bijttebier, P. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.04.007 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Anger and personality in eating disorders
Fassino, S., Daga, G. A., Pierò, A., Leombruni, P., & Rovera, G. G. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00280-x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Heightened sensitivity to reward and punishment in anorexia nervosa
Jappe, L. M., Frank, G. K. W., Shott, M. E., Rollin, M. D. H., Pryor, T., Hagman, J. O., Yang, T. T., & Davis, E. (2011) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20815 · Cited by 119 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Evidence more clearly indicates that avoidance tendencies and punishment sensitivity are elevated in AN (Claes et al., 2006, 2010; Glashouwer et al., 2014; Harrison, et al., 2011; Jappe et al., 2011).”
BackgroundLavender, J. M., Young, K. P. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., & Grange, D. L. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031823 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Development of emotion acceptance behavior therapy for anorexia nervosa: a case series
Wildes, J. E., & Marcus, M. D. (2011) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20826 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Racine, S. E., Keel, P. K., Burt, S. A., Sisk, C. L., Neale, M. C., Boker, S. M., & Klump, K. L. (2013) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0031250 · Cited by 112 · cited 1× · see citing works
“, 2009); (2) the preponderance of cross-sectional studies, with a smaller body of prospective/longitudinal studies (e.g., Combs, Pearson, & Smith, 2011; Haynos et al., 2014; Racine & Wildes, in press; Racine et al., 2013), and (3) a variety of issues related to sampling.”
BackgroundEmotion Awareness and Identification Skills in Adolescent Girls With Bulimia Nervosa
Sim, L. A., & Zeman, J. L. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp3304_11 · Cited by 107 · cited 2× · see citing works
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript al., 2005 [mixed ED sample]; Harrison et al., 2010; Legenbauer, Vocks, & Ruddel, 2008; Sim & Zeman, 2004; Svaldi et al., 2012).”
BackgroundResultParling, T., Mortazavi, M., & Ghaderi, A. (2010) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.04.001 · Cited by 106 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some findings suggest deficits in the ability to infer emotions in the self in acute AN (but not recovered AN; Oldershaw, Hambrook, Tchanturia, Treasure, & Schmidt, 2010), whereas other findings suggest no apparent deficits (Parling et al., 2010).”
BackgroundIs Avoidant Personality Disorder More Than Just Social Avoidance?
Taylor, C. T., Laposa, J. M., & Alden, L. E. (2004) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.18.6.571.54792 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Impaired Central Processing of Emotional Faces in Anorexia Nervosa
Pollatos, O., Herbert, B. M., Schandry, R., & Gramann, K. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31817e41e6 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Dimensions of Emotion Dysregulation in Bulimia Nervosa
Lavender, J. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Peterson, C. B., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., Smith, T. L., Klein, M. H., Goldschmidt, A. B., et al. (2014) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2288 · Cited by 103 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Results from research using Gratz and Roemer’s (2004) measure of emotion dysregulation suggest that overall emotion dysregulation is positively associated with ED severity in both AN and BN, with various emotion dysregulation dimensions differentially related to ED symptoms in each disorder (Lavender et al., 2014; Rac…”
BackgroundMethodWell-being and morbid obesity in women: A controlled therapy evaluation
Tanco, S. A., Linden, W., & Earle, T. L. (1998) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199804)23:3 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Negative reinforcement eating expectancies, emotion dysregulation, and symptoms of bulimia nervosa
Hayaki, J. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20646 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Fischer, S. F., Settles, R. E., Collins, B., Gunn, R. L., & Smith, G. T. (2011) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0023460 · Cited by 99 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…of emotioneliciting situations, negative urgency, and distress tolerance, particularly in clinical populations (e.g., Corstorphine et al., 2007; Fischer et al., 2007; 2012; Hambrook et al., 2011; Raykos et al., 2009); (2) the preponderance of cross-sectional studies, with a smaller body of…”
BackgroundThe relationship of momentary anger and impulsivity to bulimic behavior
Engel, S. G., Boseck, J. J., Crosby, R. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Mitchell, J. E., Smyth, J. M., Miltenberger, R. G., & Steiger, H. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.03.014 · Cited by 96 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additional EMA research has shown that individual difference variables (e.g., personality traits, co-occurring psychopathology) may impact the association between affect and ED behaviors (e.g., Engel et al., 2007; Selby et al., 2012).”
Background(2010) · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Altered striatal response to reward in bulimia nervosa after recovery
Wagner, A., Aizenstein, H., Venkatraman, V. K., Bischoff‐Grethe, A., Fudge, J., May, J. C., Frank, G. K., Bailer, U. F., Fischer, L., Putnam, K., et al. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20699 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationNegative feelings and the desire to eat in bulimia nervosa
Alpers, G. W., & Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2001) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s1471-0153(01)00040-x · Cited by 91 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, findings also suggest that negative emotions may decrease following purging (Alpers & Tuschen-Caffier, 2001).”
BackgroundEmotional processing in women with anorexia nervosa and in healthy volunteers
Jänsch, C., Harmer, C. J., & Cooper, M. J. (2009) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.06.001 · Cited by 89 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…Waller et al., 2003), but a larger number of studies indicate the presence of greater suppression and reduced expression of emotions in AN (Danner et al., 2014; Davies et al., 2011; Geller, Cockell, Hewitt, Goldner, & Flett, 2000; Jansch et al., 2009; Oldershaw et al., 2012; Svaldi et al., 2012).”
BackgroundLoxton, N. J., & Dawe, S. (2006) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2006.05.014 · Cited by 87 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…M anuscript A uthor M anuscript Regarding approach and avoidance motivation in AN, processes consistent with those described in Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (see Corr, 2004) may be involved in the etiology and/or maintenance of EDs (Harrison, Treasure, & Smillie, 2011; Loxton & Dawe, 2006).”
MethodEmotional functioning in adolescent anorexia nervosa patients
Zonnevylle-Bender, M. J. S., van Goozen, S. H. M., Cohen‐Kettenis, P. T., van Elburg, T. A., & van Engeland, H. (2004) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-004-0351-9 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Racine, S. E., & Wildes, J. E. (2014) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000011 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Anestis, M. D., Smith, A. R., Fink, E. L., & Joiner, T. E. (2008) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-008-9201-2 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Nandrino, J., Doba, K., Lesne, A., Christophe, V., & Pezard, L. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.02.008 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Current status of functional imaging in eating disorders
Frank, G., & Kaye, W. H. (2012) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22016 · Cited by 78 · cited 9× · see citing works
“Overall, preliminary findings suggest EDs may be characterized by a heightened tendency to avoid emotion-eliciting situations, although the limited body of research with AN- and BN-specific samples limits the ability to make firm conclusions.”
BackgroundInfluentialApproach and avoidance motivation in eating disorders
Harrison, A., Treasure, J. L., & Smillie, L. D. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.022 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Clinical Handbook of Eating Disorders: An Integrated Approach
Gearhart, L. (2007) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.58.2.273 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
An Experimental Investigation of Verbal Expression of Emotion in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
Davies, H. A., Swan, N., Schmidt, U. H., & Tchanturia, K. (2011) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.1157 · Cited by 73 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…Waller et al., 2003), but a larger number of studies indicate the presence of greater suppression and reduced expression of emotions in AN (Danner et al., 2014; Davies et al., 2011; Geller, Cockell, Hewitt, Goldner, & Flett, 2000; Jansch et al., 2009; Oldershaw et al., 2012; Svaldi et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodSocial Cognition in Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review
DeJong, H., den Eynde, F. V., Broadbent, H. J., Kenyon, M., Lavender, A., Startup, H. M., & Schmidt, U. H. (2011) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2011.07.002 · Cited by 73 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…BN do not display substantial emotion recognition deficits compared to controls for most emotions using a variety of measures (e.g., Harrison et al., 2010; Kenyon et al., 2012; Legenbauer et al., 2008), although the limited number of studies precludes any firm conclusions (see DeJong et al., 2013).”
BackgroundFischer, S. F., Smith, G. T., Annus, A. M., & Hendricks, M. (2007) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2007.03.011 · Cited by 67 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…of emotioneliciting situations, negative urgency, and distress tolerance, particularly in clinical populations (e.g., Corstorphine et al., 2007; Fischer et al., 2007; 2012; Hambrook et al., 2011; Raykos et al., 2009); (2) the preponderance of cross-sectional studies, with a smaller body of…”
BackgroundAlexithymia in female patients with eating disorders
Montebarocci, O., Codispoti, M., Surcinelli, P., Franzonı, E., Baldaro, B., & Rossi, N. C. F. (2006) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/bf03327739 · Cited by 67 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Other investigations have reported greater alexithymia in AN versus controls even when controlling for relevant affective constructs (Montebarocci et al., 2006; Speranza et al., 2005).”
BackgroundResultA risk model for preadolescent disordered eating
Combs, J. L., Pearson, C. M., & Smith, G. T. (2010) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20851 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Claes, L., Robinson, M. D., Muehlenkamp, J. J., Vandereycken, W., & Bijttebier, P. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.09.016 · Cited by 62 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Evidence more clearly indicates that avoidance tendencies and punishment sensitivity are elevated in AN (Claes et al., 2006, 2010; Glashouwer et al., 2014; Harrison, et al., 2011; Jappe et al., 2011).”
BackgroundEmotion regulation difficulties in anorexia nervosa before and after inpatient weight restoration
Haynos, A. F., Roberto, C. A., Martinez, M. A., Attia, E., & Fruzzetti, A. E. (2014) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22265 · Cited by 62 · cited 4× · see citing works
“Consistent with the latter findings, preliminary evidence also suggests no difference in emotion regulation between those with acute AN and weight-restored individuals (Haynos et al., 2014).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialEmotional expression and body dissatisfaction
Hayaki, J., Friedman, M. A., & Brownell, K. D. (2001) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.1111 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Claes, L., Mitchell, J. E., & Vandereycken, W. (2011) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20966 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Emotional Processing Following Recovery from Anorexia Nervosa
Oldershaw, A., DeJong, H., Hambrook, D. G., Broadbent, H. J., Tchanturia, K., Treasure, J. L., & Schmidt, U. H. (2012) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2153 · Cited by 59 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…Waller et al., 2003), but a larger number of studies indicate the presence of greater suppression and reduced expression of emotions in AN (Danner et al., 2014; Davies et al., 2011; Geller, Cockell, Hewitt, Goldner, & Flett, 2000; Jansch et al., 2009; Oldershaw et al., 2012; Svaldi et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHeightened sensitivity to punishment and reward in anorexia nervosa
Glashouwer, K. A., Bloot, L., Veenstra, E. M., Franken, I. H. A., & de Jong, P. J. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.12.019 · Cited by 58 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Evidence more clearly indicates that avoidance tendencies and punishment sensitivity are elevated in AN (Claes et al., 2006, 2010; Glashouwer et al., 2014; Harrison, et al., 2011; Jappe et al., 2011).”
BackgroundA study of patients with anorexia nervosa using ecologic momentary assessment
Engel, S. G., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Wright, T. L., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., & Venegoni, E. E. (2005) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20184 · Cited by 57 · cited 4× · see citing works
“…AN and BN are characterized by elevated negative emotionality (e.g., depressive symptoms, overall negative affect, specific negative affective states; Allen, Scannell, & Turner, 1998; Engel et al., 2005; Pollice, Kaye, Greeno, & Weltzin, 1997; Stice, Nemeroff, & Shaw, 1996; Waller et al., 2003).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialKamholz, B. W., Hayes, A. M., Carver, C. S., Gulliver, S. B., & Perlman, C. A. (2006) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9013-1 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Emotion recognition, emotional awareness and cognitive bias in individuals with bulimia nervosa
Legenbauer, T., Vocks, S., & Rüddel, H. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20483 · Cited by 53 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…BN do not display substantial emotion recognition deficits compared to controls for most emotions using a variety of measures (e.g., Harrison et al., 2010; Kenyon et al., 2012; Legenbauer et al., 2008), although the limited number of studies precludes any firm conclusions (see DeJong et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultTheory of mind in bulimia nervosa
Kenyon, M., Samarawickrema, N., DeJong, H., den Eynde, F. V., Startup, H. M., Lavender, A., Goodman‐Smith, E., & Schmidt, U. H. (2011) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20967 · Cited by 52 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…BN do not display substantial emotion recognition deficits compared to controls for most emotions using a variety of measures (e.g., Harrison et al., 2010; Kenyon et al., 2012; Legenbauer et al., 2008), although the limited number of studies precludes any firm conclusions (see DeJong et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSteenkamp, M. M., Suvak, M. K., Dickstein, B. D., Shea, M. T., & Litz, B. T. (2015) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2014_28_174 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Emotion and eating disorder symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa: An experimental study
Wildes, J. E., Marcus, M. D., Bright, A. C., Dapelo, M. M., & Psychol, M. C. (2012) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22020 · Cited by 51 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In one study, women with AN were randomized to a negative or neutral mood induction and then completed a test meal (Wildes et al., 2012).”
BackgroundAnger expression in eating disorders: Clinical, psychopathological and personality correlates
Krug, I., Bulik, C. M., Vall-Llovera, O. N., Granero, R., Agüera, Z., Villarejo, C., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., & Fernández‐Aranda, F. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.10.003 · Cited by 50 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…specifically have produced less consistent findings, with some research suggesting both greater anger suppression and outward anger expression (Krug et al., 2008 [mixed ED sample with mostly BN participants]), and other research suggesting greater anger suppression in BN versus controls, but…”
ResultSelby, E. A., Doyle, P., Crosby, R. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Engel, S. G., Mitchell, J. D., & Grange, D. L. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.08.014 · Cited by 47 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Additional EMA research has shown that individual difference variables (e.g., personality traits, co-occurring psychopathology) may impact the association between affect and ED behaviors (e.g., Engel et al., 2007; Selby et al., 2012).”
BackgroundAvoidance of affect in the eating disorders
Lampard, A. M., Byrne, S. M., McLean, N. J., & Fursland, A. (2010) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2010.11.004 · Cited by 44 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One study found greater behavioral avoidance of positive affect, but not negative affect, in a mixed ED versus control group (Lampard et al., 2011).”
BackgroundRozenstein, M. H., Latzer, Y., Stein, D. J., & Eviatar, Z. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.009 · Cited by 43 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…1994; Nowakowski et al., 2013; Sureda, Valdes, Jodar, & de Pablo, 1999), although results are less consistent when controlling for depression and/or anxiety (e.g., Eizaguirre et al., 2004; Gilboa-Schechtman et al., 2006; Montebarocci et al., 2006; Rozenstein et al., 2011; Speranza et al., 2005).”
ResultFacial Affect Recognition in Anorexia Nervosa: Is Obsessionality a Missing Piece of the Puzzle?
de Castro, L. C., Davies, H. A., Hale, L. S., Surguladze, S., & Tchanturia, K. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.524625 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lavender, J. M., Young, K. P. D., Anestis, M. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., & Grange, D. L. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.06.021 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Moreno‐Domínguez, S., Rodríguez‐Ruiz, S., Fernández‐Santaella, M. C., Ortega‐Roldán, B., & Antonio Cepeda-benito, A. (2012) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2187 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Factors related to severity of vomiting behaviors in bulimia nervosa
Daga, G. A., Pierò, A., Gramaglia, C. M., & Fassino, S. (2005) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.01.013 · Cited by 35 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additionally, studies have typically reported findings suggesting elevated punishment sensitivity and/or harm avoidance in those with BN versus controls (e.g., Abbate-Daga et al., 2005; Frank et al., 2013; Wagner et al., 2006).”
BackgroundRaykos, B. C., Byrne, S. M., & Watson, H. (2009) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.07.001 · Cited by 26 · cited 3× · see citing works
“certain important dimensions of emotion dysregulation such as avoidance of emotioneliciting situations, negative urgency, and distress tolerance, particularly in clinical populations (e.g., Corstorphine et al., 2007; Fischer et al., 2007; 2012; Hambrook et al., 2011; Raykos et al., 2009); (2) the preponderance of cros…”
BackgroundResultAlexithymia, type A behaviour and bulimia nervosa
Sureda, B., Valdés, M., Jódar, I., & de Pablo, J. (1999) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0968(199908)7:4 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Comparing Anorectics and Bulimics on Measures of Depression, Anxiety, and Anger
Breaux, C. A., & Moreno, J. K. (1994) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640269408249111 · Cited by 13 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Some studies suggest no differences between AN and control groups or find greater suppression but not lower expression (Breaux & Moreno, 1994; Fassino, Daga, Piero, Leombruni, & Rovera, 2001; Waller et al., 2003), but a larger number of studies indicate the presence of greater suppression and…”
BackgroundResultPsychiatric Comorbidity Associated with Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder
Lilenfeld, L. (2004) · doi:10.3109/9780203021767-16 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Guilt and hostility as coexisting characteristics of bulimia nervosa
Allen, C., Scannell, E. D., & Turner, H. R. (1998) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050069808257396 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Schizophrenia or epilepsy? A problem in differential diagnosis
Lohrenz, J. G., Levy, L., & Davis, J. F. (1962) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(62)80030-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mussell (1997) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(1997)21:4
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Sloan, E., Hall, K., Moulding, R., Bryce, S., Mildred, H., & Staiger, P. K. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.002 · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works
“…ER strategies that predominantly examine non-clinical samples, overall difficulties in ER are more frequently examined within clinical treatment-seeking populations, including individuals with eating related pathology (Lavender et al., 2015) and BPD (Bornovalova et al., 2008; Stepp et al., 2014).”
BackgroundGuendelman, S., Medeiros, S., & Rampes, H. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00220 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
“, 2015), and anorexia and bulimia nervosa (Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundCan interoception improve the pragmatic search for biomarkers in psychiatry?
Khalsa, S. S., & Lapidus, R. C. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00121 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
“Interoceptive dysfunction in AN can also be located within descriptions of “emotion dysregulation” (190), “poor distress tolerance,” (191) and perhaps most tellingly, “alexithymia” or the inability to discriminate between emotional states and bodily sensations (192, 193).”
BackgroundSakiris, N., & Berle, D. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101751 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Emotion regulation across eating pathology: A meta-analysis
Prefit, A.-B., Cândea, D. M., & Szentagotai-Tătar, A. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.104438 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Westwood, H., Kerr-Gaffney, J., Stahl, D., & Tchanturia, K. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.06.007 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
“For example, a review [97] used a multidimensional framework to map out emotion regulation difficulties in AN and BN.”
Bullis, J. R., Boettcher, H., Sauer‐Zavala, S., Farchione, T. J., & Barlow, D. H. (2019) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12278 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“Recent research has begun to emphasize disturbances in the experience and appraisal of emotions as a core feature that contributes to the development and maintenance of eating disorders (e.g., Lavender et al., 2015; Oldershaw, Lavender, Sallis, Stahl, & Schmidt, 2015).”
BackgroundRumination and Eating Disorder Psychopathology: A Meta-Analysis
Smith, K. E., Mason, T. B., & Lavender, J. M. (2018) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.03.004 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“…posit that ED behaviors function as maladaptive strategies to escape from or regulate negative affective states, which is consistent with an extensive body of literature demonstrating emotion regulation difficulties among individuals with EDs (e.g., Lavender et al., 2015; Kittel et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultSmith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Johnson, J. S., Lavender, J. M., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22929 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationMölbert, S. C., Klein, L., Thaler, A., Mohler, B. J., Brozzo, C., Martus, P., Karnath, H., Zipfel, S., & Giel, K. E. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.08.005 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Engel, S. G., Crosby, R. D., Thomas, G. J., Bond, D. S., Lavender, J. M., Mason, T. B., Steffen, K. J., Green, D. D., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0672-7 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Schaefer, L. M., Smith, K. E., Anderson, L. M., Cao, L., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2020) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000517 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“As prior work indicates that individual eating disorder diagnoses may be associated with unique patterns of affective experience and emotional disturbance (Lavender et al., 2015), the application of multilevel modeling approaches to characterize the trajectories of affective experiences surrounding binge eating in BED…”
BackgroundColmenero-Navarrete, L., García-Sancho, E., & Salguero, J. M. (2022) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2021.1999872 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“…have been found to be associated with the use of maladaptive strategies (Kwon, Eoh, & Park, 2020; Vine, Aldao, & Nolen-Hoeksema, 2014) and higher levels of psychopathology (Lavender et al., 2015; McLaughlin, Mennin, & Farach, 2007; Tull, Barrett, McMillan, & Roemer, 2007; Weinberg & Klonsky, 2009).”
BackgroundDunn, E. C., Nishimi, K. M., Gomez, S. H., Powers, A. D., & Bradley, B. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.045 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“, 2015), eating disorders (Lavender et al., 2015), substance-use disorders (Berking et al.”
BackgroundThe Role of Emotion Regulation in Eating Disorders: A Network Meta-Analysis Approach
Leppänen, J., Brown, D., McLinden, H., Tchanturia, K., & Williams, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.793094 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
“Findings from a review of experimental and self-report studies support this notion reporting links between suppression and non-acceptance of emotion among people with AN and BN (150).”
BackgroundAre the Motives for Food Choices Different in Orthorexia Nervosa and Healthy Orthorexia?
Depa, J., Barrada, J. R., & Roncero, M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11030697 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
“Moreover, it has been demonstrated that difficulties with emotional regulation play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of several mental disorders, such as eating disorders [58].”
BackgroundRobinson, P., Hellier, J., Barrett, B., Barzdaitiene, D., Bateman, A., Bogaardt, A., Clare, A., Somers, N., O'Callaghan, A., Goldsmith, K., et al. (2016) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-016-1606-8 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Moreover, MBT is particularly appropriate for testing in eating disordered patients because the latter have been shown to have several features linked to mentalising function, including attachment insecurity [4], problems with emotion regulation [5, 6], disturbances of emotional theory of mind (eTOM) in anorexia nervo…”
BackgroundMonell, E., Clinton, D. N., & Birgegård, A. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22925 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Among multiple definitions and measures of emotion dysregulation, the trait-level multidimensional approach of Gratz and Roemer (2004) is increasingly used, and relevant for EDs (Lavender et al., 2015).”
MethodSchaumberg, K., Reilly, E. E., Gorrell, S., Levinson, C. A., Farrell, N. R., Brown, T. A., Smith, K. M., Schaefer, L. M., Essayli, J. H., Haynos, A. F., et al. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101952 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Vuillier, L., May, L., Greville-Harris, M., Surman, R., & Moseley, R. L. (2021) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-020-00362-9 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Virtual reality in the treatment of eating disorders
Riva, G., Malighetti, C., & Serino, S. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2622 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“…impairment produces difficulties in identifying and using the appropriate strategies to modulate the emotional response, that could lead to behavioural control difficulties in stressful situation, as well as avoiding emotional eliciting situations (Caslini et al., 2016; Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundOldershaw, A., Startup, H. M., & Lavender, T. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00219 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Riva, G., & Dakanalis, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2018.00049 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“As reported by various authors, individuals with EDs have emotional (Bydlowski et al., 2005; Lavender et al., 2015), visual (Engel and Keizer, 2017; Feusner et al., 2017), tactile (Keizer et al., 2011; Gaudio et al., 2014), proprioceptive (Case et al., 2012; Guardia et al., 2012) and interoceptive…”
BackgroundImpact of gut microbiota on neurological diseases: Diet composition and novel treatments
Larroya-García, A., Navas-Carrillo, D., & Orenes‐Piñero, E. (2018) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1484340 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Anorexia nervosa (AN) is one of the most common chronical diseases in teenagers (Lavender et al. 2015).”
BackgroundDifferences in Emotion Regulation Difficulties Across Types of Eating Disorders During Adolescence
Weinbach, N., Sher, H., & Bohon, C. (2017) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0365-7 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Burton, A. L., & Abbott, M. J. (2019) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-019-0248-0 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Peterson, C. B., Engel, S. G., Crosby, R. D., Strauman, T. J., Smith, T. L., Klein, M. H., Crow, S. J., Mitchell, J. E., Erickson, A. L., Cao, L., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23324 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Grant, M., Salsman, N. L., & Berking, M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205095 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Restrictive eating is associated with emotion regulation difficulties in a non-clinical sample
Haynos, A. F., Wang, S. B., & Fruzzetti, A. E. (2018) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2018.1418264 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“First, prior work has demonstrated that individuals with eating disorders have emotion regulation deficits (Lavender et al., 2015) and that restrictive eating may function to regulate emotions in these populations (Haynos et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMiller, A. E., & Racine, S. E. (2020) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1799804 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Pisetsky, E. M., Haynos, A. F., Lavender, J. M., Crow, S. J., & Peterson, C. B. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.11.012 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lattimore, P. J., Mead, B. R., Irwin, L., Grice, L., Carson, R., & Malinowski, P. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.11.022 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“example being unable to distinguish hunger from anxiety, stand out as a common feature across anorexia and bulimia nervosa (Lavender et al., 2015; Lavender et al., 2014; Merwin, 2011; Merwin et al., 2013; Merwin et al., 2011; Merwin, Zucker, Lacy, & Elliott, 2010; Milos, Spindler, & Schnyder, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialHaynos, A. F., Berg, K. C., Cao, L., Crosby, R. D., Lavender, J. M., Utzinger, L. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Engel, S. G., Mitchell, J. E., Grange, D. L., et al. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000202 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The identification of subtype differences in affective patterns relative to restrictive eating could allow for greater clarity regarding the relationship between affect and restriction and provide critical information for treatment development (Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-silencing and women’s health: A review
Maji, S., & Dixit, S. (2018) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764018814271 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Conceptualising Binge Eating: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature
Burton, A. L., & Abbott, M. J. (2017) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2017.12 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Although deficits in emotional regulation ability have been observed across different eating disorder diagnostic groups (AN, BN, BED) and other psychological conditions such as borderline personality disorder and major depressive disorder (Lavender et al., 2015; Svaldi, Geirpenstroh, Tuschen-Caffier, & Ehring, 2012),…”
BackgroundInfluentialSeidel, M., King, J. A., Ritschel, F., Boehm, I., Geisler, D., Bernardoni, F., Holzapfel, L., Diestel, S., Diers, K., Strobel, A., et al. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0004-7 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Anderson, L. K., Claudat, K., Cusack, A., Brown, T. A., Trim, J., Rockwell, R. E., Nakamura, T., Gomez, L., & Kaye, W. H. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22638 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“A recent review shows that individuals with AN-restricting subtype (AN-R), AN-binge purge subtype (AN-BP), and BN have demonstrated similar levels of impairment in global emotion dysregulation, including a limited repertoire of ER skills, a tendency to utilizemoremaladaptive skills, reduced capacity for tolerating emo…”
InfluentialSmith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Schaefer, L. M., Juarascio, A. S., Dvorak, R. D., Weinbach, N., Crosby, R. D., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.10.017 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“, BN) and without compensatory behaviors (e.g., BED; Lavender et al., 2015; Leehr et al., 2015).”
BackgroundTomba, E., Tecuta, L., Crocetti, E., Squarcio, F., & Tomei, G. (2019) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23095 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Recent Research on Bulimia Nervosa
Wade, T. D. (2018) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2018.10.002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Rowsell, M., MacDonald, D. E., & Carter, J. C. (2016) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-016-0108-0 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“In a recent review article, Lavender and colleagues [11] examined the research evidence for applying Gratz and Roemer’s [12] multidimensional model of emotion dysregulation in conceptualizing emotion regulation difficulties in AN.”
BackgroundDalton, B., Foerde, K., Bartholdy, S., McClelland, J., Kekic, M., Grycuk, L., Campbell, I. C., Schmidt, U. H., & STEINGLASS, J. E. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23267 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Maladaptive (excessive) self-control is commonly described in AN, affecting dietary choices, emotion regulation, and the ability to delay gratification, among other processes (Fairburn, Shafran, & Cooper, 1999; Lavender et al., 2015; Steward et al., 2017).”
BackgroundNormal interoceptive accuracy in women with bulimia nervosa
Pollatos, O., & Georgiou, E. (2016) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2016.04.072 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“On the other hand, BN patients were found to show elevated levels of emotion dysregulation (Lavender et al., 2015), something that could be connected to an impaired IAc, because the perception of bodily changes is a central concept in several theories of emotions (James, 1884; Damasio, 1994; Craig, 2004) and the aware…”
BackgroundEmbodied self-regulation and mindful self-care in the prevention of eating disorders
Cook‐Cottone, C. P. (2015) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2015.1118954 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Processing and regulation of negative emotions in anorexia nervosa: An fMRI study
Seidel, M., King, J. A., Ritschel, F., Boehm, I., Geisler, D., Bernardoni, F., Beck, M., Pauligk, S., Biemann, R., Strobel, A., et al. (2017) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.035 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Broader impairments in emotion regulation have also been reported (Lavender et al., 2015; Oldershaw et al., 2015) which may entail increased usage of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies such as suppression or rumination (Aldao et al., 2010).”
Racine, S. E., & Horvath, S. A. (2018) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2018.1418381 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“BN and BED are characterized by broad difficulties in emotion regulation, including poor emotional awareness and clarity, impulse control difficulties when upset, and lack of access to effective strategies (Kittel, Brauhardt, & Hilbert, 2015; Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundKiss-Leizer, M., Tóth‐Király, I., & Rigó, A. (2019) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-019-00642-7 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Christensen, K. A., & Haynos, A. F. (2020) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-020-00298-0 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Wonderlich, J. A., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., Grange, D. L., Wonderlich, S. A., & Fischer, S. F. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23648 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Emotions are functionally associated with a variety of eating disorder behaviors across diagnostic categories (Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMental Capacity, Decision-Making and Emotion Dysregulation in Severe Enduring Anorexia Nervosa
van Elburg, A., Danner, U. N., Sternheim, L. C., Lammers, M., & Elzakkers, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.545317 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“Diminished MC could function as a marker for more severe deficits in decision-making, and underlying disturbed emotional processing, and serve to guide treatment toward implementing a stronger focus on these emotional issues (33, 40).”
BackgroundBerner, L. A., Crosby, R. D., Cao, L., Engel, S. G., Lavender, J. M., Mitchell, J. E., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2017) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.04.009 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Individuals with BN report poorer behavioral control when in distress (Harrison et al., 2010; Svaldi et al., 2012), and selfreported emotion regulation difficulties have been associated with eating disorder cognitions and compensatory behaviors in BN (Lavender et al., 2014, 2015).”
BackgroundMonteleone, A. M., Tzischinsky, O., Cascino, G., Alon, S., Pellegrino, F., Ruzzi, V., & Latzer, Y. (2021) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-021-01169-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Schaefer, L. M., & STEINGLASS, J. E. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01213-9 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Alexithymia may explain the relationship between autistic traits and eating disorder psychopathology
Vuillier, L., Carter, Z., Teixeira, A. R., & Moseley, R. L. (2020) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-020-00364-z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“been suggested to increase risk of psychopathology as part of greater difficulties with emotion regulation, including having limited strategies; poorer emotional awareness and differentiation (the alexithymia aspect); poorer inhibition of impulses, especially when distressed; and lower likelihood of being accepting an…”
BackgroundSteenkamp, M. M., Suvak, M. K., Dickstein, B. D., Shea, M. T., & Litz, B. T. (2015) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2014_28_174 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Computerised analysis of facial emotion expression in eating disorders
Leppänen, J., Dapelo, M. M., Davies, H. A., Lang, K., Treasure, J. L., & Tchanturia, K. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178972 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“However, BN has also been suggested to be characterised by elevated sensation seeking, urgency, and difficulties in behavioural inhibition during times of distress [42, 43].”
BackgroundResultThe Impact of Alexithymia on Emotion Dysregulation in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa over Time
Brown, T. A., Avery, J. C., Jones, M. D., Anderson, L. K., Wierenga, C. E., & Kaye, W. H. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2574 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Behavioral functions underlying NSSI and eating disorder behaviors
Muehlenkamp, J. J., Suzuki, T., Brausch, A. M., & Peyerl, N. L. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22745 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Mallorquí‐Bagué, N., Testa, G., Lozano‐Madrid, M., Vintró‐Alcaraz, C., Sánchez, I., Riesco, N., Granero, R., Perales, J. C., Navas, J. F., Megías‐Robles, A., et al. (2020) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2734 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
State of the Art: The Therapeutic Approaches to Bulimia Nervosa
Hagan, K. E., & Walsh, B. T. (2020) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.10.012 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Dimensions of impulsivity in relation to eating disorder recovery
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Butler, R. M., Balk, M. R., & Koller, K. A. (2016) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22579 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Psychological Predictors of Unhealthy Eating Attitudes in Young Adults
Izydorczyk, B., Sitnik‐Warchulska, K., Lizińczyk, S., & Lipiarz, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00590 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Many studies also confirm the importance of emotional disorders in binge eating and bulimia (Pascual et al., 2011; Svaldi et al., 2012; Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundLawlor, C., Hepworth, C., Smallwood, J., Carter, B., & Jolley, S. (2019) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2408 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Emotion Dysregulation within the CBT-E Model of Eating Disorders: A Narrative Review
Trompeter, N., Bussey, K., Forbes, M. K., & Mitchison, D. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10225-5 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Taken together, these studies suggest that women with eating disorders experience heightened emotional response to acute stressors, supporting the larger base of correlational research indicating that individuals with eating disorders report emotion regulation difficulties when faced with emotional stressors (Lavender…”
BackgroundInfluentialPacanowski, C. R., Diers, L., Crosby, R. D., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2016) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2016.1237810 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Future research investigating how yoga is able to facilitate reduction in negative affect and related outcomes in eating disorder clients may add to the theoretical literature on affect regulation in eating disorders (Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundOrthorexic tendencies are linked with difficulties with emotion identification and regulation
Vuillier, L., Robertson, S., & Greville-Harris, M. (2020) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-020-00291-7 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“It was interesting to find that emotion regulation difficulties were associated with ON tendencies because this is consistent with previous literature on other eating disorders [9].”
BackgroundResultJuarascio, A. S., Srivastava, P., Presseller, E. K., Clark, K. E., Manasse, S. M., & Forman, E. M. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/18261 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“A growing body of literature has identified that the use of therapeutic skills such as mood management techniques and the resulting improvements in the ability to manage negative affect during CBT for BN are associated with symptom improvement [12,14].”
Puttevils, L., Vanderhasselt, M., Horczak, P., & Vervaet, M. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152262 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Most of the studies so far have focused on ER difficulties in both AN and BN patients [6,18,20,22,26,27], as well as on conceptually reviewing the existing literature on ER in AN and BN [28] [28].”
BackgroundResultNegative urgency and expectancies increase vulnerability to binge eating in bulimia nervosa
Fischer, S., Wonderlich, J., Breithaupt, L., Byrne, C., & Engel, S. (2018) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2018.1418253 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“High levels of negative emotions increase the vulnerability to binge eating (Lavender et al., 2015; Pearson, Wonderlich, & Smith, 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationLevinson, C. A., Sala, M., Fewell, L., Brosof, L. C., Fournier, L., & Lenze, E. J. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.03.008 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Miller, A. E., Trolio, V., Halicki‐Asakawa, A., & Racine, S. E. (2022) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23731 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Smith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Crow, S. J., Wonderlich, S. A., & Peterson, C. B. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.09.020 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Simon, J. J., Stopyra, M. A., & Friederich, H. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8071047 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Accordingly, a broad range of emotion regulation deficits have been observed in patients with AN [78,79] and have been shown to correlate with AN psychopathology [80,81].”
BackgroundCassioli, E., Rossi, E., D’Anna, G., Martelli, M., Hazzard, V. M., Crosby, R. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Ricca, V., & Castellini, G. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23647 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“…of the scientific community in emotion dysregulation and its established relevance in cross-sectional studies (Haynos & Fruzzetti, 2011; Lavender et al., 2015; Treasure & Schmidt, 2013), experts have noted a remarkable lack of clinical evidence from longitudinal studies (Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialOldershaw, A., Lavender, T., & Schmidt, U. H. (2018) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2602 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Emotion regulation, emotion recognition, and empathy in adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Nalbant, K., Kalaycı, B. M., Akdemir, D., Akgül, S., & Kanbur, N. (2019) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-019-00768-8 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Sfärlea, A., Dehning, S., Keller, L. K., & Schulte‐Körne, G. (2019) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-019-0271-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Obeïd, S., Hallit, S. R., Akel, M., & Brytek‐Matera, A. (2021) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-021-01112-9 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
MacDonald, D. E., Trottier, K., & Olmsted, M. P. (2017) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22766 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Brown, T. A., Cusack, A., Berner, L. A., Anderson, L. K., Nakamura, T., Gomez, L., Trim, J., Chen, J. Y., & Kaye, W. H. (2019) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.07.002 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“DBT has demonstrated efficacy in improving primary ED symptoms for bulimic-spectrum EDs compared to waitlist (Safer, Telch, & Agras, 2001; Telch, Agras, & Linehan, 2001) and active control conditions (Chen et al., 2017; Safer, Robinson, & Jo, 2010).”
InfluentialWonderlich, J. A., Bershad, M., & STEINGLASS, J. E. (2021) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s282554 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Affective neuroscience initially focused on the limbic system (ie, amygdala, anterior insula, anterior ventral striatum, and ventral regions of the ACC); however, more recently some have suggested that affective processing extends more broadly to include ventromedial and dorsolateral PFC and OFC.23,79,87 To date, neur…”
BackgroundHunger increases negative and decreases positive emotions in women with a healthy weight
Ackermans, M. A., Jonker, N. C., Bennik, E. C., & de Jong, P. J. (2021) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2021.105746 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Treasure, J. L., & Cardi, V. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2511 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Monteleone, A. M., Ruzzi, V., Patriciello, G., Cascino, G., Pellegrino, F., Vece, A., Monteleone, P., & Maj, M. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.051 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Juarascio, A. S., Manasse, S. M., Clark, K. E., Schaumberg, K., Kerrigan, S. G., Goldstein, S. P., Evans, B. C., Wyckoff, E. P., Murray, H. B., Felonis, C. R., et al. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109859 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Considering alternative calculations of weight suppression
Schaumberg, K., Anderson, L. M., Reilly, E. E., Gorrell, S., Anderson, D. A., & Earleywine, M. (2015) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.11.003 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Smith, K. E., Mason, T. B., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., & Wonderlich, S. A. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.01.014 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Negative affect and emotion dysregulation have been established as important risk and maintenance factors for binge eating (Lavender et al., 2015; Leehr et al., 2015).”
BackgroundNordgren, L., Monell, E., Birgegård, A., Bjureberg, J., & Hesser, H. (2019) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-019-09765-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Neuropsychological and Cognitive Correlates of Recovery in Anorexia Nervosa
Harper, J. A., Brodrick, B. B., Enkevort, E. A. V., & McAdams, C. J. (2017) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2539 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…been associated with differences in neuropsychological functioning (Westwood, Stahl, Mandy, & Tchanturia, 2016), self-esteem (Collin et al., 2016), emotional processing (Lavender et al., 2015; Westwood, Kerr-Gaffney, Stahl, & Tchanturia, 2017), and interpersonal function (Tchanturia et al., 2013).”
Gender-Related Patterns of Emotion Regulation among Patients with Eating Disorders
Agüera, Z., Paslakis, G., Munguía, L., Sánchez, I., Granero, R., Sánchez‐González, J., Steward, T., Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., & Fernández‐Aranda, F. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8020161 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“have reported decreased effective ER strategies among female patients with ED when compared with HC [10,56], suggesting that a lack of effective ER skills may prompt individuals to use disordered or abnormal eating behaviors to regulate negative affect [57], as well as contribute to body dissatisfaction and disordered…”
Avoidance in Anorexia Nervosa: Towards a research agenda
Melles, H., Spix, M., & Jansen, A. (2021) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113478 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Furthermore, patients with anorexia nervosa endorse more negative attitudes and beliefs towards intense emotional states (negative and positive) and therefore, might engage in more experiential avoidance or suppression [63, 96].”
BackgroundLevinson, C. A., Brosof, L. C., Ma, J., Fewell, L. K., & Lenze, E. J. (2017) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.11.004 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Cuesta-Zamora, C., González-Martí, I., & López, L. M. G. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.021 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Recent literature underscores the critical role of difficulties in emotion regulation (Fairburn, Cooper, & Shafran, 2003; Haynos & Fruzzetti, 2011; Lavender et al., 2015; Oldershaw, Lavender, Sallis, Stahl, & Schmidt, 2015; Pisetsky, Haynos, Lavender, Crow, & Peterson, 2017), and emotional…”
Bodell, L. P., Pearson, C. M., Smith, K. E., Cao, L., Crosby, R. D., Peterson, C. B., Crow, S. J., & Berg, K. C. (2018) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2018.12.005 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
A network analysis of borderline personality disorder symptoms and disordered eating
Paoli, T. D., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Huang, C., & Krug, I. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22916 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…with ED reporting more emotion regulation difficulties including higher levels of emotion intensity, lower acceptance of emotions, less emotional awareness and clarity, and increased use of dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies when compared to healthy controls (Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundReilly, E. E., Orloff, N. C., Luo, T. J., Berner, L. A., Brown, T. A., Claudat, K., Kaye, W. H., & Anderson, L. K. (2020) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2020.1743098 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…is a theoretical reason to believe that emotion dysregulation may be implicated across diagnostic presentations (e.g., Haynos & Fruzzetti, 2011; Lavender et al., 2015), future work should directly test whether DBT is best suited to target eating disorder presentations characterized by…”
Body image, self-esteem, emotion regulation, and eating disorders in adults: a systematic review
Abdoli, M., Schiechtl, E., Rosato, M. S., Mangweth‐Matzek, B., Cotrufo, P., & Hüfner, K. (2025) · Neuropsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s40211-025-00544-4 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“There has been a clear link between negative emotional states, such as anxiety and depression, and an increase in binge eating episodes [36, 41].”
MacDonald, D. E., McFarlane, T., Dionne, M. M., David, L. A., & Olmsted, M. P. (2017) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000221 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Smith, K. E., Hayes, N. A., Styer, D. M., & Washburn, J. J. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.014 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Both EDs and NSSI are associated with a range of emotion regulation deficits (e.g., Klonsky, 2007; Lavender et al., 2015).”
BackgroundClaudat, K., Brown, T. A., Anderson, L. K., Bongiorno, G., Berner, L. A., Reilly, E. E., Luo, T. J., Orloff, N. C., & Kaye, W. H. (2020) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2020.1740913 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Theoretically, it is believed that binge-purge behaviors are more closely linked to substance abuse, as there is evidence for an increased association between these behaviors and impulsivity and emotion regulation difficulties (e.g., Kober, 2014; Lavender et al., 2015).”
- Authors
- Lavender, J. M., Wonderlich, S. A., Engel, S. G., Gordon, K. H., Kaye, W. H., & Mitchell, J. E.
- Affiliations
- University of North Dakota (US)
- North Dakota State University (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lavender, Jason M.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 40
- Pages
- 111-122
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4537813
- OpenAlex
- W585778545
- Cited by
- 512
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 50 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 5.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (K23 101342)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH101342, T32MH082761)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- emotional dysregulation, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, eating disorders, emotion regulation, emotional awareness, emotional acceptance, emotional distress, goal-directed behavior, psychological intervention
- MeSH terms
- Self-Control, Anorexia Nervosa, Emotions, Humans, Bulimia Nervosa
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