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Preschool personality antecedents of narcissism in adolescence and young adulthood: A 20-year longitudinal study
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This prospective study examined relations between preschool personality attributes and narcissism during adolescence and emerging adulthood. We created five a priori preschool scales anticipated to foretell future narcissism. Independent assessors evaluated the participants' personality at ages 14, 18, and 23. Based upon these evaluations, we generated observer-based narcissism scales for each of these three ages. All preschool scales predicted subsequent narcissism, except Interpersonal Antagonism at age 23. According to mean scale and item scores analyses, narcissism increased significantly from age 14 to 18, followed by a slight but non-significant decline from age 18 to 23. The discussion focused on a developmental view of narcissism, the need for research on automatic processing and psychological defenses, and links between narcissism and attachment.
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“At this age, attention seeking and interpersonal antagonism have been found to be precursors of later narcissism (Carlson & Gjerde, 2009).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Carlson & Gjerde, 2009
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“Prospective studies (71, 72) have identified temperamental characteristics, such as interpersonal antagonism, impulsivity, attention seeking, high activity level, histrionic tendencies, and low playfulness as childhood antecedents of grandiose narcissism.”
From Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Progress in Understanding and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
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“For instance, Carlson & Gjerde (2009) found that preschoolers who were rated as being interpersonally antagonistic, impulsive, histrionic, high in activity, and attention seeking were generally rated as more narcissistic in adolescence and early adulthood, which may suggest that these traits arise quite early in life.”
From Controversies in Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Carlson & Gjerde (2009)
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“There are also prospective data to suggest that traits associated with adult narcissism emerge quite early and are relatively stable over time.”
From Controversies in Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Carlson & Gjerde (2009)
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The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit
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“At this age, attention seeking and interpersonal antagonism have been found to be precursors of later narcissism (Carlson & Gjerde, 2009).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Carlson, K. S., & Gjerde, P. F.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gjerde, Per F.
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Personality
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 570-578
- ISSN
- 0092-6566 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2811719
- OpenAlex
- W2046988008
- Cited by
- 106
- References
- 95
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 5.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Research in Personality (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH016080)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- narcissism, personality development, adolescence, emerging adulthood, developmental trajectories, attachment, automatic processing, defense mechanisms, longitudinal prediction
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