Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses
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Self-esteem was found to remain stable during (re)employment and to decrease before the beginning of the unemployment transition.
“Furthermore, self-esteem was found to remain stable during (re)employment and to decrease before the beginning of the unemployment transition (Reitz, Luhmann, et al., 2022; see also Paul & Moser, 2009).”
From Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework (2022) · cites this paper as Paul & Moser, 2009
Social support may influence how unemployed people respond to their situation and their capacity to deal with it, providing a 'buffer' from the negative effects of unemployment.
“Social support may influence how unemployed people respond to their situation and their capacity to deal with it, providing a ‘buffer’ from the negative effects of unemployment.48”
Psychiatric symptoms and ailments may develop as a result of not working, studying, or managing daily life in general, which may in some cases lead to referral to mental health care.
“Consequently, psychiatric symptoms and ailments may develop as a result of not working, studying, or managing daily life in general [25], which may in some cases lead to referral to mental health care”
Compared to employed adults, unemployed individuals are more likely to have serious psychological distress and poor mental health, and are less likely to receive needed medical care and prescriptions.
“Furthermore, compared to employed adults, unemployed individuals are more likely to have serious psychological distress and poor mental health, and are less likely to receive needed medical care and prescriptions.7,8”
From Feasibility and Acceptability of a Community-Based Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program for the Under- and Unemployed (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
Unemployment may be associated with negative outcomes, such as suicide in the most extreme.
“Unemployment may be associated with negative outcomes [9, 10], such as suicide, in the most extreme.”
From Supported employment: Meta-analysis and review of randomized controlled trials of individual placement and support (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Paul, K. I., & Moser, K.
- Affiliations
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Paul, Karsten I.
- Venue
- Journal of Vocational Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 264-282
- ISSN
- 0001-8791 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2098709408
- Cited by
- 2,706
- References
- 88
- Citations by year
- 2026: 140 · 2025: 167 · 2024: 215 · 2023: 193 · 2022: 223 · 2021: 270 · 2020: 249 · 2019: 173 · 2018: 167 · 2017: 166 · 2016: 175 · 2015: 140 · 2014: 135 · 2013: 114 · 2012: 82
- FWCI
- 106.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Vocational Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- unemployment, mental health, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, psychosomatic symptoms, subjective well-being, self-esteem, job loss, job search, unemployment duration, gender differences, blue-collar occupations, white-collar work, economic development, income inequality, unemployment protection, selection effects, retest effects
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