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HMGB1 in health and disease
Open accessAbstract
Complex genetic and physiological variations as well as environmental factors that drive emergence of chromosomal instability, development of unscheduled cell death, skewed differentiation, and altered metabolism are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases and disorders. Understanding the molecular bases for these processes is important for the development of new diagnostic biomarkers, and for identifying new therapeutic targets. In 1973, a group of non-histone nuclear proteins with high electrophoretic mobility was discovered and termed high-mobility group (HMG) proteins. The HMG proteins include three superfamilies termed HMGB, HMGN, and HMGA. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), the most abundant and well-studied HMG protein, senses and coordinates the cellular stress response and plays a critical role not only inside of the cell as a DNA chaperone, chromosome guardian, autophagy sustainer, and protector from apoptotic cell death, but also outside the cell as the prototypic damage associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP). This DAMP, in conjunction with other factors, thus has cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor activity, orchestrating the inflammatory and immune response. All of these characteristics make HMGB1 a critical molecular target in multiple human diseases including infectious diseases, ischemia, immune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Indeed, a number of emergent strategies have been used to inhibit HMGB1 expression, release, and activity in vitro and in vivo. These include antibodies, peptide inhibitors, RNAi, anti-coagulants, endogenous hormones, various chemical compounds, HMGB1-receptor and signaling pathway inhibition, artificial DNAs, physical strategies including vagus nerve stimulation and other surgical approaches. Future work further investigating the details of HMGB1 localization, structure, post-translational modification, and identification of additional partners will undoubtedly uncover additional secrets regarding HMGB1's multiple functions.
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“That said, it should be noted that biological activities of HMGB1 may flip from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory depending on multiple variables including its oxidation state [917–923].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [923]
In the citing paper
“Recently, HMGB-1 was found to be highly expressed in the CNS and was implicated in a variety of neuroinflammatory conditions (Kang et al, 2014), including stress (Weber et al, 2015).”
From Repeated Social Defeat, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior: Monocytes Carry the Signal (2017) · cites this paper as Kang et al, 2014
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Retracted
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High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) operates as an alarmin outside as well as inside cells
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Repeated Social Defeat, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior: Monocytes Carry the Signal
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“DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3561-14.2015 Copyright © 2015 the authors 0270-6474/15/350316-09$15.00/0 HMGB-1 plays a proinflammatory role in sterile injury and cellular stress in the periphery (Venereau et al., 2013) and is involved in a number of diseases (Kang et al., 2014).”
InfluentialDAMPs, ageing, and cancer: The ‘DAMP Hypothesis’
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kang, R., Chen, R., Zhang, Q., Hou, W., Wu, S., Cao, L., Huang, J., Yu, Y., Fan, X.-G., Yan, Z., Sun, X., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Tsung, A., Billiar, T. R., Zeh, H. J., Lotze, M. T., & Tang, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Central South University (CN)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (CN)
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kang, Rui
- Tang, Daolin
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecular Aspects of Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 40
- Pages
- 1-116
- ISSN
- 0098-2997 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4254084
- OpenAlex
- W2075035271
- Cited by
- 956
- References
- 1,872
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 119 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 8
- FWCI
- 7.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Aspects of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01CA160417, R01CA181450, R01AT005076, R01GM063075)
- National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (31171328)
- 2013 Pancreatic Cancer Action Network–AACR Career Development Award (13-20-25-TANG)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Heat shock proteins research
- Keywords
- HMGB1, high mobility group box 1, high mobility group proteins, chromosomal instability, DNA damage response, autophagy, apoptosis, damage-associated molecular patterns, inflammation, immune response, HMGB1 inhibitors, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, ischemia, post-translational modification
- MeSH terms
- Disease, Health, Humans, HMGB1 Protein
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