E484K as an innovative phylogenetic event for viral evolution: Genomic analysis of the E484K spike mutation in SARS-CoV-2 lineages from Brazil
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Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected millions of people since its beginning in 2019. The propagation of new lineages and the discovery of key mechanisms adopted by the virus to overlap the immune system are central topics for the entire public health policies, research and disease management. Since the second semester of 2020, the mutation E484K has been progressively found in the Brazilian territory, composing different lineages over time. It brought multiple concerns related to the risk of reinfection and the effectiveness of new preventive and treatment strategies due to the possibility of escaping from neutralizing antibodies. To better characterize the current scenario we performed genomic and phylogenetic analyses of the E484K mutated genomes sequenced from Brazilian samples in 2020. From October 2020, more than 40% of the sequenced genomes present the E484K mutation, which was identified in three different lineages (P.1, P.2 and B.1.1.33 - posteriorly renamed as N.9) in four Brazilian regions. We also evaluated the presence of E484K associated mutations and identified selective pressures acting on the spike protein, leading us to some insights about adaptive and purifying selection driving the virus evolution.
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The Zeta variant was common in Brazil in late 2020 and early 2021, but appears to be decreasing in prevalence.
“The Zeta variant was common in Brazil in late 2020 and early 2021 (ref. 157 ), but appears to be decreasing in prevalence.”
From The biological and clinical significance of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants (2021) · cites this paper as [157]
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- Authors
- Ferrareze, P. A. G., Franceschi, V. B., Mayer, A. D. M., Caldana, G. D., Zimerman, R. A., & Thompson, C. E.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (BR)
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, Claudia Elizabeth
- ORCID
- Venue
- Infection, Genetics and Evolution
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 93
- Pages
- 104941
- ISSN
- 1567-1348 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8143912
- OpenAlex
- W3164970783
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 51
- FWCI
- 6.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Infection Genetics and Evolution (publishedVersion)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, E484K mutation, spike protein, viral evolution, phylogenetic analysis, P.1 lineage, immune evasion, neutralizing antibodies, reinfection, positive selection, purifying selection, genomic surveillance
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Brazil, Humans, Mutation, Phylogeny, Selection, Genetic, Evolution, Molecular, Genomics, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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