Cytoprotection by the modulation of mitochondrial electron transport chain: The emerging role of mitochondrial STAT3
Open accessAbstract
The down regulation of mitochondrial electron transport is an emerging mechanism of cytoprotective intervention that is effective in pathologic settings such as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion when the continuation of mitochondrial respiration produces reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial calcium overload, and the release of cytochrome c to activate cell death programs. The initial target of deranged electron transport is the mitochondria themselves. In the first part of this review, we describe this concept and summarize different approaches used to regulate mitochondrial respiration by targeting complex I as a proximal site in the electron transport chain (ETC) in order to favor the cytoprotection. The second part of the review highlights the emerging role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in the direct, non-transcriptional regulation of ETC, as an example of a genetic approach to modulate respiration. Recent studies indicate that a pool of STAT3 resides in the mitochondria where it is necessary for the maximal activity of complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC). The overexpression of mitochondrial-targeted STAT3 results in a partial blockade of electron transport at complexes I and II that does not impair mitochondrial membrane potential nor enhance the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The targeting of transcriptionally-inactive STAT3 to mitochondria attenuates damage to mitochondria during cell stress, resulting in decreased production of ROS and retention of cytochrome c by mitochondria. The overexpression of STAT3 targeted to mitochondria unveils a novel protective approach mediated by modulation of mitochondrial respiration that is independent of STAT3 transcriptional activity. The limitation of mitochondrial respiration under pathologic circumstances can be approached by activation and overexpression of endogenous signaling mechanisms in addition to pharmacologic means. The regulation of mitochondrial respiration comprises a cardioprotective paradigm to decrease cellular injury during ischemia and reperfusion.
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pS-STAT3 optimizes mitochondrial respiration and limits ROS formation from complex I following cardiac ischemia.
“Of note, pS-STAT3 optimizes mitochondrial respiration and limits ROS formation from complex I following cardiac ischemia (Szczepanek et al., 2012).”
From Targeting Janus Kinases and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 To Treat Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Cancer: Rationale, Progress, and Caution (2020) · cites this paper as Szczepanek et al., 2012
Section 3.4 reports that mitochondria-targeted STAT3 modulates respiration and prevents the ischemia-induced rise in complex I–associated ROS; section 4 describes reduced ROS during ischemia. The passages do not establish that the STAT3 responsible is specifically serine-phosphorylated (pS-STAT3), and the reported ROS effect is during ischemia rather than specifically following it. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSTAT3 has a specific role in modulating mitochondrial function through mechanisms independent of its nuclear factor function but dependent on phosphorylation at a serine residue.
“STAT3, initially characterized as a nuclear factor that regulates gene expression in response to IL-6 and other cytokines, has been recently found to have a specific role in modulating mitochondrial function through mechanisms independent of its function as a nuclear factor, but dependent on its phosphorylation at a serine residue (412, 445).”
From Redox regulation of mitochondrial function (2012) · cites this paper as [412]
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
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- Lesnefsky EJ Chen Q Moghaddas S Hassan MO Tandler B Hoppel CL 2004b Blockade of electron transport during Ischemia protects cardiac mitochondria J Biol Chem 279 47961 47967 15347666
- Lesnefsky EJ Moghaddas S Tandler B Kerner J Hoppel CL 2001d Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac disease: ischemia-reperfusion, aging, and heart failure J Mol Cell Cardiol 33 1065 1089 11444914
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Redox regulation of mitochondrial function
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The role of STAT3 in autophagy
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Mammalian Mitochondrial Complex I: Biogenesis, Regulation, and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation
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“The loss of mtSTAT3 results in a significant increase in ROS (Szczepanek et al., 2012), which is implicated in the induction of autophagy, especially the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria, or mitophagy (Scherz-Shouval and Elazar, 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialWohlgemuth, S. E., Calvani, R., & Marzetti, E. (2014) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.03.007 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
- Authors
- Szczepanek, K., Chen, Q., Larner, A. C., & Lesnefsky, E. J.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lesnefsky, Edward J.
- Venue
- Mitochondrion
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 180-189
- ISSN
- 1567-7249 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3278553
- OpenAlex
- W1991845993
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Mitochondrion (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH
- Office of Research and Development, Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- mitochondrial STAT3, mitochondrial electron transport chain, cytoprotection, mitochondrial respiration, complex I, complex II, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial calcium overload, cytochrome c release, cardioprotection
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Down-Regulation, Reactive Oxygen Species, Cytoprotection, Mitochondrial Proteins, Electron Transport Complex II, Electron Transport Complex I, STAT3 Transcription Factor
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