Structural Basis of DNA Recognition by p53 Tetramers
Open accessAbstract
The tumor-suppressor protein p53 is among the most effective of the cell's natural defenses against cancer. In response to cellular stress, p53 binds as a tetramer to diverse DNA targets containing two decameric half-sites, thereby activating the expression of genes involved in cell-cycle arrest or apoptosis. Here we present high-resolution crystal structures of sequence-specific complexes between the core domain of human p53 and different DNA half-sites. In all structures, four p53 molecules self-assemble on two DNA half-sites to form a tetramer that is a dimer of dimers, stabilized by protein-protein and base-stacking interactions. The protein-DNA interface varies as a function of the specific base sequence in correlation with the measured binding affinities of the complexes. The new data establish a structural framework for understanding the mechanisms of specificity, affinity, and cooperativity of DNA binding by p53 and suggest a model for its regulation by regions outside the sequence-specific DNA binding domain.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Typically, p53 binds to target genes as a tetramer comprising two dimers, each binding a decameric half-site with the consensus sequence RRRCWWGYYY.
“Typically, p53 binds to the target genes as a tetramer, which comprises two dimers that each binds a decameric half-site with the consensus sequence RRRCWWGYYY (R = A/G, W = A/T, Y = C/T).7, 8, 9, 10”
From Census and evaluation of p53 target genes (2017) · cites this paper as [9]
Cites
[20] Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode
Otwinowski, Z., & Minor, W. (1997) · Methods in Enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(97)76066-x · Cited by 33,475 · see citing works
PROCHECK: a program to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures
Laskowski, R. A., MacArthur, M. W., Moss, D. S., & Thornton, J. M. (1993) · Journal of Applied Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0021889892009944 · Cited by 24,581 · see citing works
The PyMOL Molecular Graphics System
DeLano, W. L. (2002) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 18,147 · see citing works
Crystallography & NMR System: A New Software Suite for Macromolecular Structure Determination
Brünger, A. T., Adams, P. D., Clore, G. M., DeLano, W. L., Gros, P., Grosse‐Kunstleve, R. W., Jiang, J., Kuszewski, J. J., Nilges, M., Pannu, N., et al. (1998) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444998003254 · Cited by 15,720 · see citing works
Refinement of Macromolecular Structures by the Maximum-Likelihood Method
Murshudov, G. N., Vagin, A. A., & Dodson, E. J. (1997) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444996012255 · Cited by 14,671 · see citing works
Jones, T. A., Zou, J.-Y., Cowan, S. W., & Kjeldgaard, M. (1991) · Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0108767390010224 · Cited by 12,650 · see citing works
p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division
Levine, A. J. (1997) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81871-1 · Cited by 7,693 · see citing works
Vogelstein, B., Lane, D., & Levine, A. J. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35042675 · Cited by 6,607 · see citing works
Live or let die: the cell's response to p53
Vousden, K. H., & Lü, X. (2002) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc864 · Cited by 3,177 · see citing works
Crystal Structure of a p53 Tumor Suppressor-DNA Complex: Understanding Tumorigenic Mutations
Cho, Y., Gorina, S., Jeffrey, P. D., & Pavletich, N. P. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8023157 · Cited by 2,559 · see citing works
p53: puzzle and paradigm.Preprint
Ko, L. J., & Prives, C. L. (1996) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.10.9.1054 · Cited by 2,338 · see citing works
Definition of a consensus binding site for p53
El-Deiry, W. S., Kern, S. E., Pietenpol, J. A., Kinzler, K. W., & Vogelstein, B. (1992) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng0492-45 · Cited by 1,985 · see citing works
The IARC TP53 database: new online mutation analysis and recommendations to users
Olivier, M., Eeles, R., Hollstein, M., Khan, M. A., Harris, C. C., & Hainaut, P. (2002) · Human Mutation · doi:10.1002/humu.10081 · Cited by 1,248 · see citing works
A Global Map of p53 Transcription-Factor Binding Sites in the Human Genome
Wei, C.-L., Wu, Q., Vega, V. B., Chiu, K. P., Ng, P., Zhang, T., Shahab, A., Yong, H. C., Fu, Y., Weng, Z., et al. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.10.043 · Cited by 1,141 · see citing works
Decision making by p53: life, death and cancer
Oren, M. (2003) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401183 · Cited by 1,063 · see citing works
Facilitated Target Location in Biological Systems
von Hippel, P. H., & Berg, O. G. (1989) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)84994-3 · Cited by 1,032 · see citing works
Luscombe, N. M. (2001) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/29.13.2860 · Cited by 981 · see citing works
p53 isoforms can regulate p53 transcriptional activity
Bourdon, J.-C., Fernandes, K., Murray-Zmijewski, F., Liu, G., Diot, A., Xirodimas, D. P., Saville, M. K., & Lane, D. P. (2005) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1339905 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
A Transcriptionally Active DNA-Binding Site for Human p53 Protein Complexes
Funk, W. D., Pak, D. T. S., Karas, R. H., Wright, W. E., & Shay, J. W. (1992) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.12.6.2866 · Cited by 732 · see citing works
Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
(2011) · SpringerReference · doi:10.1007/springerreference_33960 · Cited by 714 · see citing works
Defining the Structure of Irregular Nucleic Acids: Conventions and Principles
Lavery, R., & Sklenar, H. (1989) · Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics · doi:10.1080/07391102.1989.10507728 · Cited by 701 · see citing works
ASPP Proteins Specifically Stimulate the Apoptotic Function of p53
Samuels-Lev, Y., O'Connor, D. J., Bergamaschi, D., Trigiante, G., Hsieh, J.-K., Zhong, S., Campargue, I., Naumovski, L., Crook, T., & Lu, X. (2001) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00367-7 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Twenty years of p53 research: structural and functional aspects of the p53 protein
May, P., & May, E. (1999) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203285 · Cited by 663 · see citing works
Structure of the p53 Tumor Suppressor Bound to the Ankyrin and SH3 Domains of 53BP2
Gorina, S. S., & Pavletich, N. P. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.274.5289.1001 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
Rescuing the function of mutant p53
Bullock, A. N., & Fersht, A. R. (2001) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/35094077 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Crystal Structure of the Tetramerization Domain of the p53 Tumor Suppressor at 1.7 Angstroms
Jeffrey, P. D., Gorina, S. S., & Pavletich, N. P. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7878469 · Cited by 548 · see citing works
Ordered Cooperative Functions of PRMT1, p300, and CARM1 in Transcriptional Activation by p53
An, W., Kim, J., & Roeder, R. G. (2004) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.05.009 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Espinosa, J. M., & Emerson, B. M. (2001) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(01)00283-0 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
DNA bending: the prevalence of kinkiness and the virtues of normality
Dickerson, R. E. (1998) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/26.8.1906 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Kaeser, M., & Iggo, R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.012283399 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
p53 Contains Large Unstructured Regions in its Native State
Bell, S. J., Klein, C., Müller, L., Hansen, S., & Büchner, J. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00848-3 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Solution structure of the tetrameric minimum transforming domain of p53
Lee, W., Harvey, T. S., Yin, Y., Yau, P., Litchfield, D. W., & Arrowsmith, C. H. (1994) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsb1294-877 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
The p53 protein is an unusually shaped tetramer that binds directly to DNA.
Friedman, P. N., Chen, X., Bargonetti, J., & Prives, C. L. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.8.3319 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
How p53 binds DNA as a tetramer
McLure, K. G., & Lee, P. W. K. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.12.3342 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Cooperative Binding of Tetrameric p53 to DNA
Weinberg, R. L., Veprintsev, D. B., & Fersht, A. R. (2004) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.06.071 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Refined solution structure of the oligomerization domain of the tumour suppressor p53
Clore, G. M., Ernst, J. A., Clubb, R. T., Omichinski, J. G., Kennedy, W. P., Sakaguchi, K., Appella, E., & Gronenborn, A. M. (1995) · Nature Structural & Molecular Biology · doi:10.1038/nsb0495-321 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Structure of the 53BP1 BRCT region bound to p53 and its comparison to the Brca1 BRCT structurePreprint
Joo, W. S., Jeffrey, P. D., Cantor, S. B., Finnin, M. S., Livingston, D. M., & Pavletich, N. P. (2002) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.959202 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Comparative Binding of p53 to its Promoter and DNA Recognition Elements
Weinberg, R. L., Veprintsev, D. B., Bycroft, M., & Fersht, A. R. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2005.03.014 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
ARP/wARP's model-building algorithms. I. The main chain
Morris, R. J., Perrakis, A., & Lamzin, V. S. (2002) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444902005462 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Inga, A., Storici, F., Darden, T. A., & Resnick, M. A. (2002) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.22.24.8612-8625.2002 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Walker, D. R., Bond, J. P., Tarone, R. E., Harris, C. C., Makalowski, W., Boguski, M. S., & Greenblatt, M. S. (1999) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202298 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
p53 Linear Diffusion along DNA Requires Its C Terminus
McKinney, K. M., Mattia, M., Gottifredi, V., & Prives, C. L. (2004) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2004.09.032 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Crystal structure of human 53BP1 BRCT domains bound to p53 tumour suppressor
Derbyshire, D. J., Basu, B. P., Serpell, L. C., Joo, W. S., Date, T., Iwabuchi, K., & Doherty, A. J. (2002) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf383 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Kinetics of p53 Binding to Promoter Sites In Vivo
Szak, S. T., Mays, D. J., & Pietenpol, J. A. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.21.10.3375-3386.2001 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Interaction of p53 with Its Consensus DNA-Binding Site
Wang, Y., Schwedes, J. F., Parks, D., Mann, K., & Tegtmeyer, P. (1995) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.15.4.2157 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
A Novel Human p53 Isoform Is an Essential Element of the ATR-Intra-S Phase Checkpoint
Rohaly, G., Chemnitz, J., Dehde, S., Nunez, A. M., Heukeshoven, J., Deppert, W., & Dornreiter, I. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.04.032 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Covalent and noncovalent modifiers of the p53 protein
Jayaraman, L., & Prives, C. L. (1999) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s000180050271 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Nagaich, A. K., Zhurkin, V. B., Durell, S. R., Jernigan, R. L., Appella, E., & Harrington, R. E. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.1875 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Waterman, J. L. F., Shenk, J. L., & Halazonetis, T. D. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07027.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Hua, Q., Wang, T., Naumovski, L., Lopez, C. D., & Brachmann, R. K. (2002) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205974 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The C-terminus of p53: the more you learn the less you know.
Ahn, J., & Prives, C. L. (2001) · Nature Structural Biology · doi:10.1038/nsb0901-730 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Resnick‐Silverman, L., Clair, S. S., Maurer, M., Zhao, K., & Manfredi, J. J. (1998) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.12.14.2102 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Core domain interactions in full-length p53 in solution
Veprintsev, D. B., Freund, S. M. V., Andreeva, A., Rutledge, S. E., Tidow, H., Cañadillas, J. M. P., Blair, C. M., & Fersht, A. R. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0511130103 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Crystal Structure of the Mouse p53 Core DNA-binding Domain at 2.7 Å Resolution
Zhao, K., Chai, X., Johnston, K., Clements, A. M., & Marmorstein, R. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m011644200 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Klein, C., Planker, E., Diercks, T., Kessler, H., Künkele, K., Lang, K., Hansen, S., & Schwaiger, M. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m107516200 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Recognition of DNA by p53 Core Domain and Location of Intermolecular Contacts of Cooperative Binding
Rippin, T. M., Freund, S. M. V., Veprintsev, D. B., & Fersht, A. R. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)00326-1 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Mittl, P. R. E., Chêne, P., & Grütter, M. G. (1998) · Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography · doi:10.1107/s0907444997006550 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
The DNA target of the trp repressor.
Haran, T. E., Joachimiak, A., & Sigler, P. B. (1992) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05372.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationThornborrow, E. C., & Manfredi, J. J. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.47.33747 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Bareket‐Samish, A., Cohen, I., & Haran, T. E. (2000) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3797 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationThe N Terminus of p53 Regulates Its Dissociation from DNA
Cain, C. R., Miller, S., Ahn, J., & Prives, C. L. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m002509200 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Dehner, A., Klein, C., Hansen, S., Müller, L., Büchner, J., Schwaiger, M., & Kessler, H. (2005) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200501887 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The versatile interactions of p53 with DNA: when flexibility serves specificity
Kim, E., & Deppert, W. (2006) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401909 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Facilitated search for specific genomic targets by p53 c-terminal basic DNA binding domain
Liu, Y., Lagowski, J. P., Vanderbeek, G. E., & Kulesz-Martin, M. F. (2004) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.4161/cbt.3.11.1189 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
TBP flanking sequences: asymmetry of binding, long-range effects and consensus sequences
Faiger, H. (2006) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkj414 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Analysis of p53 “Latency” and “Activation” by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Woelcke, J., Reimann, M., Klumpp, M., Göhler, T., Kim, E. L., & Deppert, W. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m303615200 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Slickers, P., Hillebrand, M., Kittler, L., Löber, G., & Sühnel, J. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The multiple mechanisms that regulate p53 activity and cell fate
Hafner, A., Bulyk, M. L., Jambhekar, A., & Lahav, G. (2019) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-019-0110-x · Cited by 1,129 · see citing works
Census and evaluation of p53 target genes
Fischer, M. (2017) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2016.502 · Cited by 971 · see citing works
Targeting p53 pathways: mechanisms, structures, and advances in therapy
Wang, H., Guo, M., Wei, H., & Chen, Y. (2023) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-023-01347-1 · Cited by 1,016 · see citing works
Targeting mutant p53 for efficient cancer therapy
Bykov, V. J. N., Eriksson, S. E., Bianchi, J., & Wiman, K. G. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc.2017.109 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
Acetylation of the p53 DNA-binding domain regulates apoptosis induction.
Sykes, S. M., Mellert, H. S., Holbert, M. A., Li, K., Marmorstein, R., Lane, W. S., & McMahon, S. B. (2006) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2006.11.026 · Cited by 752 · see citing works
Principles of Protein−Protein Interactions: What are the Preferred Ways For Proteins To Interact?
Keskin, O., Gursoy, A., Ma, B., & Nussinov, R. (2008) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr040409x · Cited by 697 · see citing works
Transcriptional Regulation by P53
Beckerman, R., & Prives, C. (2010) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a000935 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
The expanding universe of p53 targets
Menendez, D., Inga, A., & Resnick, M. A. (2009) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc2730 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Absence of a simple code: how transcription factors read the genome
Slattery, M., Zhou, T., Yang, L., Dantas Machado, A. C., Gordân, R., & Rohs, R. (2014) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2014.07.002 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Trim24 targets endogenous p53 for degradation
Allton, K., Jain, A. K., Herz, H.-M., Tsai, W.-W., Jung, S. Y., Qin, J., Bergmann, A., Johnson, R. L., & Barton, M. C. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0813177106 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Menendez, D., Nguyen, T.-A., Freudenberg, J. M., Mathew, V. J., Anderson, C. W., Jothi, R., & Resnick, M. A. (2013) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkt504 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Wu, S., & Chiang, C. (2009) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/emboj.2009.83 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
DNA Binding Cooperativity of p53 Modulates the Decision between Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
Schlereth, K., Beinoraviciute-Kellner, R., Zeitlinger, M. K., Bretz, A. C., Sauer, M., Charles, J. P., Vogiatzi, F., Leich, E., Samans, B., Eilers, M., et al. (2010) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.02.037 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Noncanonical DNA Motifs as Transactivation Targets by Wild Type and Mutant p53
Jordan, J. J., Menendez, D., Inga, A., Nourredine, M., Bell, D., & Resnick, M. A. (2008) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000104 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Schlereth, K., Heyl, C., Krampitz, A.-M., Mernberger, M., Finkernagel, F., Scharfe, M., Jarek, M., Leich, E., Rosenwald, A., & Stiewe, T. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003726 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Degtjarik, O., Golovenko, D., Diskin-Posner, Y., Abrahmsén, L., Rozenberg, H., & Shakked, Z. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27142-6 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationExtensive Post-translational Modification of Active and Inactivated Forms of Endogenous p53
DeHart, C. J., Chahal, J. S., Flint, S. J., & Perlman, D. H. (2014) · Molecular & Cellular Proteomics · doi:10.1074/mcp.m113.030254 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Wong, J. H., Alfatah, M., Sin, M. F., Sim, H. M., Verma, C. S., Lane, D. P., & Arumugam, P. (2017) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0446-7 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mödlhammer, A., Pfurtscheller, S., Feichtner, A., Hartl, M., & Schneider, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.660481 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
PDBminer to Find and Annotate Protein Structures for Computational Analysis
Degn, K., Beltrame, L., Tiberti, M., & Papaleo, E. (2023) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.06.539447 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kitayner, M., Rozenberg, H., Kessler, N., Rabinovich, D., Shaulov, L., Haran, T. E., & Shakked, Z.
- Affiliations
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Haran, Tali E.
- Shakked, Zippora
- Venue
- Molecular Cell
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 741-753
- ISSN
- 1097-2765 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2168497623
- Cited by
- 408
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 12.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecular Cell (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Keywords
- p53, DNA binding, protein-DNA complex, tetramer, crystal structure, base stacking, protein-protein interaction, binding affinity, sequence specificity, cooperativity, tumor suppressor
- MeSH terms
- Binding Sites, Cell Cycle, DNA, Models, Molecular, Neoplasms, Protein Binding, Structure-Activity Relationship, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Apoptosis, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Crystallography, X-Ray, Protein Structure, Quaternary
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review