Cited by 130Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesImmune cells in cancerAdipose Tissue and Metabolism

Metabolic reprogramming through fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) regulates macrophage inflammatory potential and adipose inflammation

Open access
Johnson, Amy R., Qin, Yuanyuan, Cozzo, Alyssa J., Freemerman, Alex J., Huang, Megan J., Zhao, Liyang, Sampey, Brante P., Milner, J. Justin +13 more·2016·Molecular Metabolism

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: A novel approach to regulate obesity-associated adipose inflammation may be through metabolic reprogramming of macrophages (MΦs). Broadly speaking, MΦs dependent on glucose are pro-inflammatory, classically activated MΦs (CAM), which contribute to adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. In contrast, MΦs that primarily metabolize fatty acids are alternatively activated MΦs (AAM) and maintain tissue insulin sensitivity. In actuality, there is much flexibility and overlap in the CAM-AAM spectrum in vivo dependent upon various stimuli in the microenvironment. We hypothesized that specific lipid trafficking proteins, e.g. fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1), would direct MΦ fatty acid transport and metabolism to limit inflammation and contribute to the maintenance of adipose tissue homeostasis. METHODS: Bone marrow derived MΦs (BMDMs) from Fatp1 (-/-) and Fatp1 (+/+) mice were used to investigate FATP1-dependent substrate metabolism, bioenergetics, metabolomics, and inflammatory responses. We also generated C57BL/6J chimeric mice by bone marrow transplant specifically lacking hematopoetic FATP1 (Fatp1 (B-/-)) and controls Fatp1 (B+/+). Mice were challenged by high fat diet (HFD) or low fat diet (LFD) and analyses including MRI, glucose and insulin tolerance tests, flow cytometric, histologic, and protein quantification assays were conducted. Finally, an FATP1-overexpressing RAW 264.7 MΦ cell line (FATP1-OE) and empty vector control (FATP1-EV) were developed as a gain of function model to test effects on substrate metabolism, bioenergetics, metabolomics, and inflammatory responses. RESULTS: Fatp1 is downregulated with pro-inflammatory stimulation of MΦs. Fatp1 (-/-) BMDMs and FATP1-OE RAW 264.7 MΦs demonstrated that FATP1 reciprocally controled metabolic flexibility, i.e. lipid and glucose metabolism, which was associated with inflammatory response. Supporting our previous work demonstrating the positive relationship between glucose metabolism and inflammation, loss of FATP1 enhanced glucose metabolism and exaggerated the pro-inflammatory CAM phenotype. Fatp1 (B-/-) chimeras fed a HFD gained more epididymal white adipose mass, which was inflamed and oxidatively stressed, compared to HFD-fed Fatp1 (B+/+) controls. Adipose tissue macrophages displayed a CAM-like phenotype in the absence of Fatp1. Conversely, functional overexpression of FATP1 decreased many aspects of glucose metabolism and diminished CAM-stimulated inflammation in vitro. FATP1 displayed acyl-CoA synthetase activity for long chain fatty acids in MΦs and modulated lipid mediator metabolism in MΦs. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence that FATP1 is a novel regulator of MΦ activation through control of substrate metabolism. Absence of FATP1 exacerbated pro-inflammatory activation in vitro and increased local and systemic components of the metabolic syndrome in HFD-fed Fatp1 (B-/-) mice. In contrast, gain of FATP1 activity in MΦs suggested that Fatp1-mediated activation of fatty acids, substrate switch to glucose, oxidative stress, and lipid mediator synthesis are potential mechanisms. We demonstrate for the first time that FATP1 provides a unique mechanism by which the inflammatory tone of adipose and systemic metabolism may be regulated.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.04.005

Cites

100 of 100 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • iNOS is an important metabolic regulator of the immune response because NO inhibits OXPHOS and oxidative metabolism, thus promoting the glycolytic and proinflammatory phenotype.

    “iNOS is an important metabolic regulator of the immune response because NO inhibits OXPHOS and oxidative metabolism, thus promoting the glycolytic and proinflammatory phenotype (169, 170).”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Johnson, A. R., Qin, Y., Cozzo, A. J., Freemerman, A. J., Huang, M. J., Zhao, L., Sampey, B. P., Milner, J. J., Beck, M. A., Damania, B., Rashid, N., Galanko, J. A., Lee, D. P., Edin, M. L., Zeldin, D. C., Fueger, P. T., Dietz, B., Stahl, A., Wu, Y., Mohlke, K. L., & Makowski, L.
Affiliations
  • University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
  • University of California, Berkeley (US)
Corresponding author
Makowski, Liza
Venue
Molecular Metabolism
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-07
Volume
5
Issue
7
Pages
506-526
ISSN
2212-8778 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2345105372
Cited by
130
References
100
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 2
FWCI
14.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Metabolism (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (F32HL75970, P30DK056350, Z01ES025034, DK034987, DK099311, R01CA096500, DK089202, DK101293, AA017376)
  • UNC undergraduate research fellowship
  • Sanofi Global Scholar pre-doctoral fellowship
  • UNC Chancellor's Fellowship
  • American Heart Association (1-14-BS-191)
  • UNC University Cancer Research
  • Academy of Finland (124243)
  • Finnish Heart Foundation
  • Finnish Diabetes Foundation
  • Tekes contract (1510/31/06)
  • Commission of the European Community (HEALTH-F2-2007-201681)
  • US NIH (DK093757, DK072193, DK062370, 1Z01 HG000024)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
Keywords
bacteriophages, FATP1, metabolic reprogramming, adipose tissue inflammation, obesity, macrophage polarization, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, metabolic flexibility, insulin resistance, high-fat diet, oxidative stress, lipid trafficking, chimeric mice, RAW 264.7

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review