Cited by 105Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Early life influences on emotional reactivity: Evidence that social enrichment has greater effects than handling on anxiety-like behaviors, neuroendocrine responses to stress and central BDNF levels

Cirulli, Francesca, Berry, Alessandra, Bonsignore, Luca Tommaso, Capone, Francesca, D’Andrea, Ivana, Aloe, Luigi, Branchi, Igor, Alleva, Enrico·2010·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

Abstract

During the early post-natal phases the brain is experience-seeking and provided by a considerable plasticity which allows a fine tuning between the external environment and the developing organism. Since the early work of Seymour Levine, an impressive amount of research has clearly shown that stressful experiences exert powerful effects on the brain and body development. These effects can last throughout the entire life span influencing brain function and increasing the risk for depression and anxiety disorders. The mechanisms underlying the effects of early stress on the developing organism have been widely studied in rodents through experimental manipulations of the post-natal environment, such as handling, which have been shown to exert important effects on the emotional phenotype and the response to stress. In the present paper we review the relevant literature and present some original data indicating that, compared to handling, which imposes an external manipulation on the mother-infant relationship, social enrichment, in the form of communal rearing, in mice has very profound effects on animal's emotionality and the response to stress. These effects are also accompanied by important changes in central levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The present data indicate that communal rearing has more pervasive effects than handling, strengthening previous data suggesting that it is a good animal model of reduced susceptibility to depression-like behavior. Overall, the availability of ever more sophisticated animal models represents a fundamental tool to translate basic research data into appropriate interventions for humans raised under traumatic or impoverished situations.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.02.008

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  • Mice housed in an enriched environment have been shown to display an improved extinction of the submissive and depressive-like phenotype after social defeat stress exposure, improved cognitive performance in the Morris water maze test and increased NGF and BDNF levels in the hippocampus.

    “For example, mice housed in an enriched environment have been shown to display an improved extinction of the submissive and depressive-like phenotype after social defeat stress exposure, improved cognitive performance in the Morris water maze test (a learning and memory task in which a rat needs to learn to orientate itself and navigate to a hidden platform based on spatial information) and”

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Authors
Cirulli, F., Berry, A., Bonsignore, L. T., Capone, F., D’Andrea, I., Aloe, L., Branchi, I., & Alleva, E.
Affiliations
  • Istituto Superiore di Sanità (IT)
  • Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine (IT)
Corresponding author
Cirulli, Francesca
Venue
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-05
Volume
34
Issue
6
Pages
808-820
ISSN
0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2028875570
Cited by
105
References
104
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
FWCI
1.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
early life stress, social enrichment, communal rearing, anxiety-like behavior, neuroendocrine stress response, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, emotional reactivity, depression-like behavior, postnatal development, animal models of depression, mother-infant relationship
MeSH terms
Animals, Anxiety, Emotions, Female, Handling, Psychological, Humans, Mother-Child Relations, Neurosecretory Systems, Social Behavior, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

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