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EEG-neurofeedback for optimising performance. III: A review of methodological and theoretical considerations

Gruzelier, John H.·2014·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.015

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Abstract

In continuing this three-part review on validation of EEG-neurofeedback for optimal performance evidence is first provided for feedback influences on the CNS, the integration of EEG with fMRI methodology as well as anatomical correlates. Then whereas Parts I and II reviewed the considerable behavioural outcome gains and evidence for their feedback causation, part III lays bare the not inconsiderable methodological and theoretical conundrums. Cardinal assumptions amongst practitioners about specificity of topography, behavioural outcome and frequency bands are critically examined. The hitherto mostly neglected nature of feedback learning is reviewed including evidence of within- and between-session and successive baseline learning; the enduring impact on the tonic EEG; implications for experimental design, individual differences and the trainer-participant interface; distinguishing between the learning and mastery of self-regulation; connectivity, ratio, unidirectional and multimodal feedback protocols. A thorough grounding in human neuroscience plus interpersonal skills are considered prerequisites for scientific advancement and ethically sound practice.

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Authors: Gruzelier, J. H.
Affiliations: Goldsmiths University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Gruzelier, John H.
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-07
Volume: 44
Pages: 159-182
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.015
OpenAlex: W1982263033
Cited by: 270
References: 151
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 2.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Keywords: neurofeedback, performance optimization, feedback learning, self-regulation, EEG-fMRI integration, anatomical correlates, individual differences, neuroethics
MeSH terms: Brain, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography, Humans, Individuality, Psychomotor Performance, Social Control, Informal, Brain Waves, Neurofeedback

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EEG-neurofeedback for optimising performance. III: A review of methodological and theoretical considerations

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