The neurophysics of consciousness

John, E.Roy

doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00142-x

Cited by 262Neural dynamics and brain functionPhilosophy and Theoretical ScienceFunctional Brain Connectivity Studies

The neurophysics of consciousness

John, E.Roy·2002·Brain Research Reviews

DOI 10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00142-x

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Abstract

Consciousness combines information about attributes of the present multimodal sensory environment with relevant elements of the past. Information from each modality is continuously fractionated into distinct features, processed locally by different brain regions relatively specialized for extracting these disparate components and globally by interactions among these regions. Information is represented by levels of synchronization within neuronal populations and of coherence among multiple brain regions that deviate from random fluctuations. Significant deviations constitute local and global negative entropy, or information. Local field potentials reflect the degree of synchronization among the neurons of the local ensembles. Large-scale integration, or 'binding', is proposed to involve oscillations of local field potentials that play an important role in facilitating synchronization and coherence, assessed by neuronal coincidence detectors, and parsed into perceptual frames by cortico-thalamo-cortical loops. The most probable baseline levels of local synchrony, coherent interactions among brain regions, and frame durations have been quantitatively described in large studies of their age-appropriate normative distributions and are considered as an approximation to a conscious 'ground state'. The level of consciousness during anesthesia can be accurately predicted by the magnitude and direction of reversible multivariate deviations from this ground state. An invariant set of changes takes place during anesthesia, independent of the particular anesthetic agent. Evidence from a variety of neuroscience areas supporting these propositions, together with the invariant reversible electrophysiological changes observed with loss and return of consciousness, are used to provide a foundation for this theory of consciousness. This paper illustrates the increasingly recognized need to consider global as well as local processes in the search for better explanations of how the brain accomplishes the transformation from synchronous and distributed neuronal discharges to seamless global subjective awareness.

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Higher levels of inter-region functional coordination can facilitate emergence of neural activity as conscious percepts.
“Higher levels of inter-region functional coordination can facilitate emergence of neural activity as conscious percepts.”
From Elevated functional connectivity along a corticostriatal loop and the mechanism of auditory/verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia (2011) · cites this paper as [13]

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EEG-neurofeedback for optimising performance. III: A review of methodological and theoretical considerations
Gruzelier, J. H. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.015 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Interaction of language, auditory and memory brain networks in auditory verbal hallucinations
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“The application of FC analyses to the study of AVHs is motivated by a range of studies demonstrating that inter-region functional coordination plays an important role in determining whether neural activity is experienced consciously as percepts (Cosmelli et al., 2004; Sergent and Dehaene, 2004; Melloni et al., 2007; J…”
Method
Optogenetic dissection of medial prefrontal cortex circuitry
Riga, D., Matos, M. R., Glas, A., Smit, A. B., Spijker, S., & Van den Oever, M. C. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00230 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Consciousness Unbound: Toward a Paradigm of General Anesthesia
Mashour, G. A. (2004) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-200402000-00035 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Elevated functional connectivity along a corticostriatal loop and the mechanism of auditory/verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia
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Integrating information in the brain's EM field: the cemi field theory of consciousness
McFadden, J. (2020) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niaa016 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Is the Theta/Beta EEG Marker for ADHD Inherently Flawed?
Saad, J. F., Kohn, M. R., Clarke, S., Lagopoulos, J., & Hermens, D. F. (2018) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054715578270 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Coherent neocortical 40‐Hz oscillations are not present during <scp>REM</scp> sleep
Castro, S., Falconi, A., Chase, M. H., & Torterolo, P. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12143 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Consciousness: Matter or EMF?
McFadden, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.1024934 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“A key dividing line within EMF-ToCs is those that predict that conscious brain EM fields influence behavior (John, 2002; McFadden J., 2002; McFadden, 2020; Fingelkurts et al., 2013; Barrett, 2014; Zhakenovich et al., 2016; Hales, 2017; Hunt and Schooler, 2019; Keppler, 2021) which I term type 1 or…”
BackgroundInfluential
Thalamocortical inhibitory dynamics support conscious perception
Min, B.-K., Kim, H. S., Pinotsis, D. A., & Pantazis, D. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117066 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The electromagnetic will
McFadden, J. (2021) · NeuroSci · doi:10.3390/neurosci2030021 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Authors: John, E. R.
Affiliations: Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
Corresponding author: John, E.Roy
Venue: Brain Research Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-06
Volume: 39
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-28
ISSN: 0165-0173 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(02)00142-x
OpenAlex: W2139300351
Cited by: 262
References: 209
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 1.20
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Brain Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Keywords: consciousness, neuronal synchronization, local field potentials, negentropy, binding problem, anesthesia, global coherence, theory of consciousness
MeSH terms: Brain, Consciousness, Electroencephalography, Electrophysiology, Genes, Humans, Models, Neurological, Oscillometry, Perception, Quantum Theory

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