Theta lingua franca: A common mid‐frontal substrate for action monitoring processes
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We present evidence that a multitude of mid‐frontal event‐related potential (ERP) components partially reflect a common theta band oscillatory process. Specifically, mid‐frontal ERP components in the N 2 time range and error‐related negativity time range are parsimoniously characterized as reflections of theta band activities. Forty participants completed three different tasks with varying stimulus–response demands. Permutation tests were used to identify the dominant time–frequency responses of stimulus‐ and response‐locked conditions as well as the enhanced responses to novelty, conflict, punishment, and error. A dominant theta band feature was found in all conditions, and both ERP component amplitudes and theta power measures were similarly modulated by novelty, conflict, punishment, and error. The findings support the hypothesis that generic and reactive medial prefrontal cortex processes are parsimoniously reflected by theta band activities.
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The ERN emerges, at least in part, from ongoing theta band activity.
“This finding is in agreement with the notion that the ERN emerges, at least in part, from ongoing theta band activity (Cavanagh, Zambrano-Vazquez, & Allen, 2012; Trujillo & Allen, 2007), as both seem to be enhanced in OCD when compared to HCs.”
From Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with increased engagement of frontal brain regions across multiple event-related potentials (2023) · cites this paper as Cavanagh, Zambrano-Vazquez, & Allen, 2012
Fronto-central theta power has been associated with novelty detection and goal-directed responses.
“fronto-central theta power has been associated with novelty detection and goal-directed responses96”
From Paying attention to attention in depression (2019) · cites this paper as [96]
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Frontal theta as a mechanism for cognitive control
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“the notion that the ERN emerges, at least in part, from ongoing theta band activity [62, 63], as both seem to be enhanced in OCD when compared to HC.”
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- Authors
- Cavanagh, J. F., Zambrano‐Vazquez, L., & Allen, J. J. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cavanagh, James F.
- Venue
- Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-09-26
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 220-238
- ISSN
- 0048-5772 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-8986
- PMC
- PMC3262926
- OpenAlex
- W2113174266
- Cited by
- 651
- References
- 118
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 86 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 53 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 11.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066902, F31MH082560)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- theta oscillations, action monitoring, error-related negativity, N2 component, medial prefrontal cortex, stimulus-response conflict, novelty, punishment, error detection, time-frequency analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Male, Probability Learning, Psychomotor Performance, Reaction Time, Reinforcement, Psychology, Theta Rhythm, Young Adult
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