Neural bases of asymmetric language switching in second-language learners: an ER-fMRI study
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Using the ER-fMRI technique, the present study was designed to investigate the neural substrates of language switching among second-language learners. Twelve Chinese college students who were learning English were scanned when they performed language switching tasks (naming pictures in their first [L1, Chinese] and second [L2, English] languages according to response cues). Compared to non-switching conditions, language switching elicited greater activation in the right superior prefrontal cortex (BA9/10/32), left middle and superior frontal cortex (BA8/9/46), and right middle cingulum and caudate (BA11). When the direction of switching was considered, forward switching (from L1 to L2), but not backward switching (from L2 to L1), activated several brain regions related to executive functions (i.e., bilateral frontal cortices and left ACC) relative to non-switching conditions. These results suggest that neural correlates of language switching differ depending on the direction of the switch and that there does not seem to be a specific brain area acting as a "language switch".
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Language switching produces a spatially distributed activation pattern that includes bilateral frontal, precentral, caudate, pre-SMA, and temporal areas.
“language switching elicits a spatially-distributed activation pattern involving bilateral frontal regions, bilateral precentral areas, bilateral caudate, bilateral (or midline) pre-supplementary areas (pre-SMA), and bilateral temporal regions.”
From Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain (2012) · cites this paper as [90]
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- Authors
- Wang, Y., Xue, G., Chen, C., Xue, F., & Dong, Q.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dong, Qi
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 862-870
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011495234
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 6.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Keywords
- language switching, second language acquisition, bilingualism, Chinese-English bilinguals, executive function, anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mental Processes, Multilingualism
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