The future of functionally-related structural change assessment
Open accessAbstract
The brain is continually changing its function and structure in response to changing environmental demands. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods can be used to repeatedly scan the same individuals over time and in this way have provided powerful tools for assessing such brain change. Functional MRI has provided important insights into changes that occur with learning or recovery but this review will focus on the complementary information that can be provided by structural MRI methods. Structural methods have been powerful in indicating when and where changes occur in both gray and white matter with learning and recovery. However, the measures that we derive from structural MRI are typically ambiguous in biological terms. An important future challenge is to develop methods that will allow us to determine precisely what has changed.
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Candidate neuronal mechanisms for gray matter changes include axon sprouting, dendritic branching, synaptogenesis, and hippocampal neurogenesis.
“Most promising neuronal mechanisms underlying gray matter changes include axon sprouting, dendritic branching and synaptogenesis, or neurogenesis (in the hippocampus), while angiogenesis or astrocytic changes are discussed as non-neuronal factors (Fields, 2013;Johansen-Berg, 2012).”
From Serotonin and neuroplasticity – Links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression (2017) · cites this paper as Johansen-Berg, 2012
The section “Structural brain change: another route to detecting functionally relevant brain plasticity?” (page unavailable) identifies hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, and also discusses angiogenesis and glial changes. It mentions cortico-cortical rewiring and spine formation, but does not specifically identify axon sprouting or dendritic branching as mechanisms. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCandidate non-neuronal mechanisms for gray matter changes include angiogenesis and astrocytic changes.
“Most promising neuronal mechanisms underlying gray matter changes include axon sprouting, dendritic branching and synaptogenesis, or neurogenesis (in the hippocampus), while angiogenesis or astrocytic changes are discussed as non-neuronal factors (Fields, 2013;Johansen-Berg, 2012).”
From Serotonin and neuroplasticity – Links between molecular, functional and structural pathophysiology in depression (2017) · cites this paper as Johansen-Berg, 2012
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- Authors
- Johansen-Berg, H.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-08
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1293-1298
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3677804
- OpenAlex
- W2030802430
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (090955)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- structural change, neuroplasticity, functional MRI, structural MRI, gray matter, white matter, learning, recovery, longitudinal neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Brain Mapping, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neuronal Plasticity
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