Modeling healthy male white matter and myelin development: 3 through 60months of age
Open accessAbstract
An emerging hypothesis in developmental and behavioral disorders is that they arise from disorganized brain messaging or reduced connectivity. Given the importance of myelin to efficient brain communication, characterization of myelin development in infancy and childhood may provide salient information related to early connectivity deficits. In this work, we investigate regional and whole brain growth trajectories of the myelin water fraction, a quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measure sensitive and specific to myelin content, in data acquired from 122 healthy male children from 3 to 60months of age. We examine common growth functions to find the most representative model of myelin maturation and subsequently use the best of these models to develop a continuous population-averaged, four-dimensional model of normative myelination. Through comparisons with an independent sample of 63 male children across the same age span, we show that the developed model is representative of this population. This work contributes to understanding the trajectory of myelination in healthy infants and toddlers, furthering our knowledge of early brain development, and provides a model that may be useful for identifying developmental abnormalities.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Myelination increases more gradually after the second year.
“similarly, myelination increases more gradually after the second year36,37.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [36]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Estimating the Dimension of a Model
Schwarz, G. (1978) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176344136 · Cited by 47,033 · see citing works
Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife
Efron, B. (1979) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176344552 · Cited by 17,602 · see citing works
A method for the solution of certain non-linear problems in least squares
Levenberg, K. (1944) · Quarterly of Applied Mathematics · doi:10.1090/qam/10666 · Cited by 12,367 · see citing works
Fast robust automated brain extraction
Smith, S. M. (2002) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.10062 · Cited by 10,496 · see citing works
Avants, B., Epstein, C. L., Grossman, M., & Gee, J. C. (2007) · Medical Image Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.media.2007.06.004 · Cited by 5,618 · see citing works
Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study
Giedd, J. N., Blumenthal, J., Jeffries, N. O., Castellanos, F. X., Liu, H., Zijdenbos, A., Paus, T., Evans, A. C., & Rapoport, J. L. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/13158 · Cited by 5,552 · see citing works
A Flexible Growth Function for Empirical Use
RICHARDS, F. J. (1959) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/10.2.290 · Cited by 4,131 · see citing works
Gompertz, B. (1825) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London · doi:10.1098/rstl.1825.0026 · Cited by 3,816 · see citing works
White matter integrity, fiber count, and other fallacies: The do's and don'ts of diffusion MRI
Jones, D. K., Knösche, T. R., & Turner, R. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.081 · Cited by 2,479 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Changes in these metrics during development have often been associated with myelination, however these measures are also associated with changes in the local tissue architecture (Jones et al., 2013; Mädler et al., 2008).”
BackgroundRegional Development of the Brain in Early Life
(1968) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.43.229.388 · Cited by 2,107 · see citing works
(1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,713 · see citing works
Sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories during childhood and adolescence
Lenroot, R. K., Gogtay, N., Greenstein, D. K., Wells, E. M., Wallace, G. L., Clasen, L. S., Blumenthal, J. D., Lerch, J., Zijdenbos, A. P., Evans, A. C., et al. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.053 · Cited by 1,309 · see citing works
Longitudinal Development of Human Brain Wiring Continues from Childhood into Adulthood
Lebel, C., & Beaulieu, C. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5302-10.2011 · Cited by 1,193 · see citing works
A Structural MRI Study of Human Brain Development from Birth to 2 Years
Knickmeyer, R. C., Gouttard, S., Kang, C., Evans, D., Wilber, K., Smith, J. K., Hamer, R. M., Lin, W., Gerig, G., & Gilmore, J. H. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3479-08.2008 · Cited by 1,151 · see citing works
Diffusion tensor imaging of white matter tract evolution over the lifespan
Lebel, C., Gee, M., Camicioli, R., Wieler, M., Martin, W., & Beaulieu, C. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.094 · Cited by 1,100 · see citing works
About “axial” and “radial” diffusivities
Wheeler‐Kingshott, C. A. M., & Cercignani, M. (2009) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.21965 · Cited by 885 · see citing works
Maturation of white matter in the human brain: A review of magnetic resonance studies.
Paus, T., Collins, D. L., Evans, A. C., Leonard, G., Pike, B., & Zijdenbos, A. (2001) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/s0361-9230(00)00434-2 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Barnea-Goraly, N., Menon, V., Eckert, M., Tamm, L., Bammer, R., Karchemskiy, A., Dant, C. C., & Reiss, A. L. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhi062 · Cited by 848 · see citing works
Structural MRI of pediatric brain development: what have we learned and where are we going?
Giedd, J. N., & Rapoport, J. L. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.040 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
In vivo measurement of T 2 distributions and water contents in normal human brain
Whittall, K. P., MacKay, A. L., Graeb, D. A., Nugent, R. A., Li, D. K. B., & Paty, D. W. (1997) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910370107 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Normal maturation of the neonatal and infant brain: MR imaging at 1.5 T.
Barkovich, A. J., Kjos, B. O., Jackson, D. E., & Norman, D. M. (1988) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiology.166.1.3336675 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Konrad, K., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21058 · Cited by 670 · see citing works
RESTORE: Robust estimation of tensors by outlier rejection
Chang, L., Jones, D. K., & Pierpaoli, C. M. (2005) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.20426 · Cited by 611 · see citing works
Kirkwood, T. B. L. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0379 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
The effect of filter size on VBM analyses of DT-MRI data
Jones, D. K., Symms, M. R., Cercignani, M., & Howard, R. J. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.02.013 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Mapping Infant Brain Myelination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Deoni, S. C. L., Mercure, E., Blasi, A., Gasston, D., Thomson, A., Johnson, M., Williams, S. C. R., & Murphy, D. G. M. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2106-10.2011 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Self-citationMyelin water imaging in multiple sclerosis: quantitative correlations with histopathology
Laule, C., Leung, E., Li, D. K., Traboulsee, A. L., Paty, D. W., MacKay, A. L., & Moore, G. R. (2006) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458506070928 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Gleaning multicomponent T 1 and T 2 information from steady‐state imaging data
Deoni, S., Rutt, B. K., Arun, T., Pierpaoli, C. M., & Jones, D. K. (2008) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.21704 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Self-citationGompertz, B. (1825) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Hermoye, L., Saint‐Martin, C., Cosnard, G., Lee, S., Kim, J., Nassogne, M., Menten, R., Clapuyt, P. R. M., Donohue, P., Hua, K., et al. (2005) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.08.017 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
White and gray matter development in human fetal, newborn and pediatric brains
Huang, H., Zhang, J.-Y., Wakana, S., Zhang, W., Ren, T., Richards, L. J., Yarowsky, P., Donohue, P., Graham, E. M., van Zijl, P., et al. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.06.009 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Deoni, S. C. L., Dean, D. C., O'Muircheartaigh, J., Dirks, H., & Jerskey, B. A. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.07.037 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Self-citationMyelin water imaging of multiple sclerosis at 7 T: Correlations with histopathology
Laule, C., Kozłowski, P., Leung, E., Li, D. K. B., MacKay, A. L., & Moore, G. R. W. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.008 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
A Four-Dimensional Probabilistic Atlas of the Human Brain
Mazziotta, J. C., Toga, A. W., Evans, A. C., Fox, P. T., Lancaster, J. L., Zilles, K., Woods, R. P., Paus, T., Simpson, G., Pike, G. B., et al. (2001) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1136/jamia.2001.0080401 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Insights into brain microstructure from the T2 distribution
MacKay, A. L., Laule, C., Vavasour, I. M., Bjarnason, T. A., Kolind, S., & Mädler, B. (2006) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2005.12.037 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
DEVELOPMENTAL (MYELOGENETIC) LOCALISATION OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX IN THE HUMAN SUBJECT.
Leipsic, P. F. O. (1901) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)01429-5 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Processes of change in brain and cognitive development
Johnson, M. H., & Munakata, Y. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.01.009 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Accelerated maturation of white matter in young children with autism: A high b value DWI study
Ben Bashat, D., Kronfeld-Duenias, V., Zachor, D. A., Ekstein, P. M., Hendler, T., Tarrasch, R., Even, A., Levy, Y., & Ben Sira, L. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.060 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Multiple sclerosis normal‐appearing white matter: Pathology–imaging correlations
Moll, N. M., Rietsch, A. M., Thomas, S., Ransohoff, A. J., Lee, J., Fox, R., Chang, A., Ransohoff, R. M., & Fisher, E. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22521 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Brain development in autism: Early overgrowth followed by premature arrest of growth
Courchesne, E. (2004) · Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/mrdd.20020 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Lifespan trajectory of myelin integrity and maximum motor speed
Bartzokis, G., Lu, P. H., Tingus, K., Mendez, M. F., Richard, A. G., Peters, D. G., Oluwadara, B., Barrall, K. A., Finn, J. P., Villablanca, P. J., et al. (2008) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2008.08.015 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Is diffusion anisotropy an accurate monitor of myelination?
Mädler, B., Drabycz, S. A., Kolind, S. H., Whittall, K. P., & MacKay, A. L. (2008) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2008.01.047 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Quantitative tract-based white matter development from birth to age 2 years
Geng, X., Gouttard, S., Sharma, A., Gu, H., Styner, M., Lin, W., Gerig, G., & Gilmore, J. H. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.057 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Is the magnetization transfer ratio a marker for myelin in multiple sclerosis?
Vavasour, I. M., Laule, C., Li, D. K. B., Traboulsee, A. L., & MacKay, A. L. (2011) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.22441 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Is multicomponent T2 a good measure of myelin content in peripheral nerve?
Webb, S., Munro, C. A., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. J. (2003) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.10411 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Jones, D. K. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2008.922191 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Plant Population and Crop Yield
Bleasdale, J. K. A., & Nelder, J. A. (1960) · Nature · doi:10.1038/188342a0 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Deoni, S., Matthews, L., & Kolind, S. (2012) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.24429 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Self-citationMR properties of excised neural tissue following experimentally induced demyelination
Odrobina, E., Lam, T. Y. J., Pun, T., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. (2005) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.951 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Myelin water imaging reflects clinical variability in multiple sclerosis
Kolind, S., Matthews, L., Johansen‐Berg, H., Leite, M. I., Williams, S., Deoni, S., & Palace, J. A. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.070 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of bootstrap approaches for estimation of uncertainties of DTI parameters
Chung, S., Lü, Y., & Henry, R. G. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.07.001 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Regional brain axial and radial diffusivity changes during development
Kumar, R., Nguyen, H. D., Macey, P. M., Woo, M. A., & Harper, R. M. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.22757 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Deoni, S. (2010) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.22685 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationVavasour, I. M., Whittall, K. P., MacKay, A. L., Li, D. K. B., Vorobeychik, G., & Paty, D. W. (1998) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910400518 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Individual variability is not noise
Zilles, K., & Amunts, K. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.02.003 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Temperature/growth relationships for psychrotrophic food-spoilage bacteria
Stannard, C. J., Williams, A. P., & Gibbs, P. A. (1985) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0740-0020(85)80004-6 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Sadeghi, N., Prastawa, M. W., Fletcher, P. T., Wolff, J. J., Gilmore, J. H., & Gerig, G. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.11.040 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
MR Relaxation in Multiple Sclerosis
MacKay, A. L., Vavasour, I. M., Rauscher, A., Kolind, S., Mädler, B., Moore, G. R. W., Traboulsee, A. L., Li, D. K. B., & Laule, C. (2008) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2008.09.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
van Buchem, M. A., Steens, S. C. A., Vrooman, H. A., Zwinderman, A. H., McGowan, J. C., Rassek, M., & Engelbrecht, V. (2001) · PubMed Central · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Deficient MWF mapping in multiple sclerosis using 3D whole-brain multi-component relaxation MRI
Kitzler, H. H., Su, J., Zeineh, M., Harper-Little, C., Leung, A., Kremenchutzky, M., Deoni, S., & Rutt, B. K. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.08.052 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationZaaraoui, W., Deloire, M., Merle, M., Girard, C., Raffard, G., Biran, M., Inglese, M., Petry, K. G., Gonen, O., Brochet, B., et al. (2008) · Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10334-008-0141-3 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Myelin imaging in amyotrophic and primary lateral sclerosis
Kolind, S., Sharma, R., Knight, S., Johansen‐Berg, H., Talbot, K., & Turner, M. R. (2013) · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration · doi:10.3109/21678421.2013.794843 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Myelination shapes functional activity in the developing brain
Fornari, E., Knyazeva, M. G., Meuli, R. A., & Maeder, P. P. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.010 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Haroon, H. A., Morris, D. M., Embleton, K. V., Alexander, D. C., & Parker, G. J. M. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2008.2006528 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Introduction to the Special Section: Myelin and oligodendrocyte abnormalities in schizophrenia
Haroutunian, V. H., & Davis, K. L. (2007) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145706007449 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Yuan, Y., Hongtu Zhu, B., Ibrahim, J. G., Lin, W., & Peterson, B. S. (2008) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/tmi.2008.926069 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bonk, R. T., Schmiedl, U. P., Yuan, C., Nelson, J. A., BLACK, C. D. V., & Ladd, D. L. (2000) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/1522-2586(200006)11:6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Intra and inter-site reproducibility of myelin water volume fraction values derived using McDESPOT.
Deoni, S. C., Samson, R. S., & Wheeler‐Kingshott, C. A. M. G. (2009) · UCL Discovery (University College London) · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantifying spatial uncertainty of visual area boundaries in neuroimaging data
Kirson, D., Huk, A. C., & Cormack, L. K. (2008) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/8.10.10 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Accurate activation map detection using bootstrap resampling of single fMRI data
Darki, F., & Oghabian, M. A. (2009) · doi:10.1109/iembs.2009.5334207 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Hurley S.A. Mossahebi P.M. Samsonov A.A. Alexander A.L. Deoni S.C. Fisher R. Ducan I.D. Field A.S. Multicomponent relaxometry (mcDESPOT) in the Shaking Pup Model of dysmyelination Proc. 18th Annual Meeting of the ISMRM. Stockholm, SWE 2010 4516
- Zhang J. Kolind S. Mackay A.L. Comparison of myelin water fraction brain images using multi-echo T2-weighted GRASE relaxation and steady-state methods Proc. 21st Annual Meeting of the ISMRM. Salt Lake City, UT, USA 2013 1103
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood
Gilmore, J. H., Knickmeyer, R. C., & Gao, W. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2018.1 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
Dubois, J., Dehaene-Lambertz, G., Kulikova, S., Poupon, C., Hüppi, P. S., & Hertz-Pannier, L. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.12.044 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Cortical maturation and myelination in healthy toddlers and young children
Deoni, S. C. L., Dean, D. C., Remer, J., Dirks, H., & O’Muircheartaigh, J. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.058 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Self-citationA systematic literature review of sex differences in childhood language and brain development
Etchell, A., Adhikari, A., Weinberg, L. S., Choo, A. L., Garnett, E. O., Chow, H. M., & Chang, S.-E. (2018) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.011 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Characterizing longitudinal white matter development during early childhood
Dean, D. C., O’Muircheartaigh, J., Dirks, H., Waskiewicz, N., Walker, L., Doernberg, E., Piryatinsky, I., & Deoni, S. C. L. (2015) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0763-3 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite matter maturation profiles through early childhood predict general cognitive ability
Deoni, S. C. L., O’Muircheartaigh, J., Elison, J. T., Walker, L., Doernberg, E., Waskiewicz, N., Dirks, H., Piryatinsky, I., Dean, D. C., & Jumbe, N. L. (2016) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0947-x · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationMapping an index of the myelin g-ratio in infants using magnetic resonance imaging
Dean, D. C., O'Muircheartaigh, J., Dirks, H., Travers, B. G., Adluru, N., Alexander, A. L., & Deoni, S. C. L. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.040 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationConejero, Á., Guerra, S., Abundis‐Gutiérrez, A., & Rueda, M. R. (2018) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12494 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Jensen, S. K. G., Pangelinan, M., Björnholm, L., Klasnja, A., Leemans, A., Drakesmith, M., Evans, C. J., Barker, E. D., & Paus, T. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.10.033 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Remer, J., Dean, D. C., Chen, K., Reiman, R. A., Huentelman, M. J., Reiman, E. M., & Deoni, S. C. L. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117243 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Dean, D. C., O'Muircheartaigh, J., Dirks, H., Waskiewicz, N., Lehman, K., Walker, L., Han, M., & Deoni, S. C. L.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dean, Douglas C.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 84
- Pages
- 742-752
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3895775
- OpenAlex
- W2040165142
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 6.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Mental Health (R01 MH087510)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- myelination, myelin water fraction, white matter development, brain development, developmental disorders, brain connectivity, infants and toddlers
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Models, Neurological, Myelin Sheath, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Neurogenesis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
