Mapping Infant Brain Myelination with Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Open accessAbstract
Myelination, the elaboration of myelin surrounding neuronal axons, is essential for normal brain function. The development of the myelin sheath enables rapid synchronized communication across the neural systems responsible for higher order cognitive functioning. Despite this critical role, quantitative visualization of myelination in vivo is not possible with current neuroimaging techniques including diffusion tensor and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although these techniques offer insight into structural maturation, they reflect several different facets of development, e.g., changes in axonal size, density, coherence, and membrane structure; lipid, protein, and macromolecule content; and water compartmentalization. Consequently, observed signal changes are ambiguous, hindering meaningful inferences between imaging findings and metrics of learning, behavior or cognition. Here we present the first quantitative study of myelination in healthy human infants, from 3 to 11 months of age. Using a new myelin-specific MRI technique, we report a spatiotemporal pattern beginning in the cerebellum, pons, and internal capsule; proceeding caudocranially from the splenium of the corpus callosum and optic radiations (at 3–4 months); to the occipital and parietal lobes (at 4–6 months); and then to the genu of the corpus callosum and frontal and temporal lobes (at 6–8 months). Our results also offer preliminary evidence of hemispheric myelination rate differences. This work represents a significant step forward in our ability to appreciate the fundamental process of myelination, and provides the first ever in vivo visualization of myelin maturation in healthy human infancy.
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Using multicomponent relaxometry, myelination in the first year begins in the cerebellum, pons and internal capsule and proceeds back-to-front: splenium and optic radiations at three to four months, occipital and parietal lobes at four to six months, and frontal and temporal lobes at six to eight months.
“myelination in the first year of life was shown to begin in the cerebellum, pons and internal capsule, and to proceed in a ‘back-to-front’ pattern, from the splenium of the corpus callosum and optic radiations (3–4 months), to the occipital and parietal lobes (4–6 months), and anteriorly to the frontal and temporal lobes ( 6–8 months)33.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Deoni, S. C. L., Mercure, E., Blasi, A., Gasston, D., Thomson, A., Johnson, M., Williams, S. C. R., & Murphy, D. G. M.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Birkbeck, University of London (GB)
- NIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2011-01-12
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 784-791
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC6623428
- OpenAlex
- W2111706254
- Cited by
- 497
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 23.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Goldsmiths (University of London) (acceptedVersion)
- BIROn (Birkbeck, University of London) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Autism Speaks
- Wellcome Trust
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Research
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0606-1045, G0400061)
- King's College London
- Medical Research Council (G0400061, G0800298, G0400061/69344)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council
- Economic and Social Research Council (ES/G017603/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Keywords
- myelination, infant brain development, hemispheric lateralization, corpus callosum, cerebellum, passive optical networks, internal capsule, optic radiation
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Female, Humans, Infant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Myelin Sheath
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