Characterizing longitudinal white matter development during early childhood
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Post-mortem studies have shown the maturation of the brain's myelinated white matter, crucial for efficient and coordinated brain communication, follows a nonlinear spatio-temporal pattern that corresponds with the onset and refinement of cognitive functions and behaviors. Unfortunately, investigation of myelination in vivo is challenging and, thus, little is known about the normative pattern of myelination, or its association with functional development. Using a novel quantitative magnetic resonance imaging technique sensitive to myelin we examined longitudinal white matter development in 108 typically developing children ranging in age from 2.5 months to 5.5 years. Using nonlinear mixed effects modeling, we provide the first in vivo longitudinal description of myelin water fraction development. Moreover, we show distinct male and female developmental patterns, and demonstrate significant relationships between myelin content and measures of cognitive function. These findings advance a new understanding of healthy brain development and provide a foundation from which to assess atypical development.
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Myelination increases more gradually after the second year.
“similarly, myelination increases more gradually after the second year36,37.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
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“Children with ALL require treatment at a time when the brain is undergoing major developmental changes (Dean et al., 2014; Giedd et al., 2010; O’Muircheartaigh et al., 2014).”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Dean, D. C., O’Muircheartaigh, J., Dirks, H., Waskiewicz, N., Walker, L., Doernberg, E., Piryatinsky, I., & Deoni, S. C. L.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Dean, Douglas C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Brain Structure and Function
- Published
- 2014-04-08
- Volume
- 220
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1921-1933
- ISSN
- 1863-2653 (ISSN-L)
- 1863-2661
- PMC
- PMC4481335
- OpenAlex
- W2069091805
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 10.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain Structure and Function (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (096195)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH087510)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- white matter development, myelination, myelin water fraction, early childhood, normative development, sex differences, cognitive development, brain maturation, typically developing children, nonlinear mixed-effects models
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Brain Mapping, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Cognition, Female, Humans, Infant, Longitudinal Studies, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Sex Characteristics, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, White Matter
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