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Cited by 602Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsFunctional Brain Connectivity StudiesAdvanced MRI Techniques and Applications

The development of brain white matter microstructure

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Lebel, Catherine, Deoni, Sean·2018·NeuroImage
DOI 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.097PMC PMC6030512
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Abstract

Throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence, our brains undergo remarkable changes. Processes including myelination and synaptogenesis occur rapidly across the first 2-3 years of life, and ongoing brain remodeling continues into young adulthood. Studies have sought to characterize the patterns of structural brain development, and early studies predominately relied upon gross anatomical measures of brain structure, morphology, and organization. MRI offers the ability to characterize and quantify a range of microstructural aspects of brain tissue that may be more closely related to fundamental neurodevelopmental processes. Techniques such as diffusion, magnetization transfer, relaxometry, and myelin water imaging provide insight into changing cyto- and myeloarchitecture, neuronal density, and structural connectivity. In this review, we focus on the growing body of literature exploiting these MRI techniques to better understand the microstructural changes that occur in brain white matter during maturation. Our review focuses on studies of normative brain development from birth to early adulthood (∼25 years), and places particular emphasis on longitudinal studies and newer techniques that are being used to study microstructural white matter development. All imaging methods demonstrate consistent, rapid microstructural white matter development over the first 3 years of life, suggesting increased myelination and axonal packing. Diffusion studies clearly demonstrate continued white matter maturation during later childhood and adolescence, though the lack of consistent findings in other modalities suggests changes may be mainly due to axonal packing. An emerging literature details differential microstructural development in boys and girls, and connects developmental trajectories to cognitive abilities, behaviour, and/or environmental factors, though the nature of these relationships remains unclear. Future research will need to focus on newer imaging techniques and longitudinal studies to provide more detailed information about microstructural white matter development, particularly in the childhood years.

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  • Studies consistently observe significant age-related increases of FA and MD in widespread fiber tracts during postnatal growth in both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.

    “Despite focusing on different developmental ranges, these studies consistently observe significant age-related increases of FA and MD in widespread fiber tracts during postnatal growth in both cross-sectional and longitudinal population designs (Lebel and Deoni, 2018).”

    From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Lebel and Deoni, 2018

    Section 3.3 (Developmental Timing; page not provided) reports that FA increases with age, but MD decreases—the opposite of the claimed MD increase. It also discusses longitudinal developmental curves, so the disagreement is specifically about MD's direction of change. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.

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  • In the postnatal stage, in vivo tractography offers a superior tool to chart spatiotemporal maturation patterns of reconstructed tracts using quantitative dMRI metrics from infancy to adolescence.

    “In the postnatal stage, in vivo tractography offers a superior tool to chart the spatiotemporal maturation patterns of the reconstructed tracts by employing quantitative dMRI metrics from the infancy period (Dubois et al., 2014; Gilmore et al., 2018; Lebel and Deoni, 2018; Qiu et al., 2015; Vasung et al., 2019) to the adolescent stage (Lebel et al., 2019; Tamnes et al., 2018).”

    From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Lebel and Deoni, 2018

    The Introduction (§2.2; page unavailable) says DTI provides quantitative diffusion metrics and allows reconstruction of fibre architecture through tractography. Developmental Timing (§3.3; page unavailable) uses tractography and FA values to describe maturation across childhood and adolescence, and the review also covers infancy. The copy does not establish that tractography is a superior tool for this purpose; the Conclusions instead describe DTI as powerful but limited. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In later childhood and adolescence, tract-related changes seem attributable to changes in neurite density, particularly axonal packing.

    “In later childhood and adolescence, results seem to be attributed to changes of neurite density, particularly axonal packing (Lebel and Deoni, 2018).”

    From Quantitative mapping of the brain’s structural connectivity using diffusion MRI tractography: A review (2022) · cites this paper as Lebel and Deoni, 2018

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Lebel, C., & Deoni, S.
Affiliations
  • University of Calgary (CA)
  • Providence College (US)
Corresponding author
Lebel, Catherine
ORCID
Venue
NeuroImage
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-11
Volume
182
Pages
207-218
ISSN
1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.097
PMC
PMC6030512
OpenAlex
W2782477562
Cited by
602
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 82 · 2025: 99 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 78 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 8
FWCI
6.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • NeuroImage (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (RO1 MH087510)
  • Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (0PP1120016)
  • Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) (UG3 OD023313)
  • Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP-136797)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Keywords
white matter microstructure, brain development, myelination, diffusion MRI, magnetization transfer, relaxometry, myelin water imaging, sex differences, infancy, childhood, adolescence, normative development, structural connectivity
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Human Development, Infant, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Young Adult, Neuroimaging, White Matter

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