White Matter Development in Early Puberty: A Longitudinal Volumetric and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Twin Study
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White matter microstructure and volume show synchronous developmental patterns in children. White matter volume increases considerably during development. Fractional anisotropy, a measure for white matter microstructural directionality, also increases with age. Development of white matter volume and development of white matter microstructure seem to go hand in hand. The extent to which the same or different genetic and/or environmental factors drive these two aspects of white matter maturation is currently unknown. We mapped changes in white matter volume, surface area and diffusion parameters in mono- and dizygotic twins who were scanned at age 9 (203 individuals) and again at age 12 (126 individuals). Over the three-year interval, white matter volume (+6.0%) and surface area (+1.7%) increased, fiber bundles expanded (most pronounced in the left arcuate fasciculus and splenium), and fractional anisotropy increased (+3.0%). Genes influenced white matter volume (heritability ~85%), surface area (~85%), and fractional anisotropy (locally 7% to 50%) at both ages. Finally, volumetric white matter growth was negatively correlated with fractional anisotropy increase (r = -0.62) and this relationship was driven by environmental factors. In children who showed the most pronounced white matter growth, fractional anisotropy increased the least and vice-versa. Thus, white matter development in childhood may reflect a process of both expansion and fiber optimization.
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White-matter microstructure as represented by FA is generally highly heritable in adults, with variability across tracts.
“white-matter microstructure, as represented by FA, is generally highly heritable in adults, with variability across different white-matter tracts147, 148.”
From Imaging structural and functional brain development in early childhood (2018) · cites this paper as [148]
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- Authors
- Brouwer, R. M., Mandl, R. C. W., Schnack, H. G., van Soelen, I. L. C., van Baal, G. C., Peper, J. S., Kahn, R. S., Boomsma, D. I., & Pol, H. E. H.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Utrecht (NL)
- Leiden University (NL)
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Brouwer, Rachel M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLoS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2012-04-13
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e32316
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3326005
- OpenAlex
- W2137931201
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO 51.02.060, NWO 480-04-004, 230374, 480-04-004, 51.02.060)
- Hersenstichting
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- white matter development, precocious puberty, fractional anisotropy, white matter volume, heritability, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, arcuate fasciculus, splenium, child neurodevelopment, genetic and environmental factors
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Anisotropy, Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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