Harnessing genetic complexity to enhance translatability of Alzheimer’s disease mouse models: A path toward precision medicine
Open accessAbstract
An individual's genetic makeup plays a large role in determining susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD) but has largely been ignored in preclinical studies. To test the hypothesis that incorporating genetic diversity into mouse models of AD would improve translational potential, we combined a well-established mouse model of AD with a genetically diverse reference panel to generate mice that harbor identical high-risk human mutations but differ across the remainder of their genome. We first show that genetic variation profoundly modifies the impact of human AD mutations on both cognitive and pathological phenotypes. We then validate this complex AD model by demonstrating high degrees of genetic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic overlap with human AD. Overall, work here both introduces a novel AD mouse population as an innovative and reproducible resource for the study of mechanisms underlying AD and provides evidence that preclinical models incorporating genetic diversity may better translate to human disease.
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Most studies have used only the C57BL/6J strain, which is known to be relatively resistant to the transgene effects.
“One source of differences may be that most studies have used only the C57BL/6J strain10, known to be relatively resistant to the transgenes effects.”
From Magnetic resonance microscopy maps widespread effects of Alzheimer’s disease on brain structures and behavior in mice (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
The Discussion (‘Improving rigor and reproducibility in preclinical studies’; page unavailable) says traditional studies use a single inbred strain, but does not establish that most use C57BL/6J specifically. The Discussion (‘The role of modifier genes in normal aging and resilience to AD’; page unavailable) says the B6 background appears to attenuate the cognitive effects of 5XFAD mutations, supporting the resistance point for those effects rather than transgene effects generally. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe use of diverse AD-BXD F1 models avoids the risk of idiosyncratic effects caused by studying mutations and other transgenes on a single genetic background.
“On a positive note, the use of diverse AD-BXD F1 models10 avoids the risk of idiosyncratic effects caused by studying mutations and other transgenes on a single genetic background.”
From Magnetic resonance microscopy maps widespread effects of Alzheimer’s disease on brain structures and behavior in mice (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
The contextual fear conditioning protocol used matches that previously used in the AD-BXD F1s.
“The protocol used matches that previously used in the AD-BXD F1s10 83.”
From Magnetic resonance microscopy maps widespread effects of Alzheimer’s disease on brain structures and behavior in mice (2026) · cites this paper as [10]
A PRS derived from human LOAD GWAS showed significant association with cognitive outcomes across genetically diverse AD mice at 14 months of age.
“a PRS derived from human LOAD GWAS [96] showed significant association with cognitive outcomes across genetically diverse AD mice at 14 months of age [288]”
From Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2020) · cites this paper as [288]
Efforts to expand existing AD mouse models through the inclusion of genetic diversity have resulted in resources that show a more significant overlap with human AD transcriptional profiles than models on a single genetic background.
“efforts to expand existing AD mouse models through the inclusion of genetic diversity [288, 289] have resulted in resources that show a more significant overlap with human AD transcriptional profiles than models on a single genetic background [288]”
From Genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease (2020) · cites this paper as [288]
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- Authors
- Neuner, S. M., Heuer, S. E., Huentelman, M. J., O’Connell, K. M. S., & Kaczorowski, C. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (US)
- Jackson Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kaczorowski, Catherine C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 399-411.e5
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6886697
- OpenAlex
- W2908182575
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 30
- FWCI
- 14.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIA (R01AG057914)
- BrightFocus Foundation (A2016397S)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG054180, F31AG050357, R01AG059778)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK102918)
- Evnin family
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center Neuroscience Institute
- Translational Genomics Research Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, mouse model, genetic diversity, translational research, precision medicine, cognitive phenotypes, amyloid pathology, transcriptomics, genetic susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Genotype, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Species Specificity, Mice, Translational Research, Biomedical, Precision Medicine
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