Mapping nociceptive stimuli in a peripersonal frame of reference: Evidence from a temporal order judgment task
Open accessAbstract
The ability to localize nociceptive stimuli on the body surface is essential for an organism to respond appropriately to potential physical threats. This ability not only requires a representation of the space of the observer׳s body, but also of the external space with respect to their body. Therefore, localizing nociceptive stimuli requires coordinating multiple senses into an integrated frame of reference. The peripersonal frame of reference allows for the coding of the position of somatosensory stimuli on the body surface and the position of stimuli occurring close to the body (e.g., visual stimuli). Intensively studied for touch, this topic has been largely ignored when it comes to nociception. Here, we investigated, using a temporal order judgment task, whether the spatial perception of nociceptive stimuli is coordinated with that of proximal visual stimuli into an integrated representation of peripersonal space. Participants judged which of two nociceptive stimuli, one presented to either hand, had been presented first. Each pair of nociceptive stimuli was preceded by lateralized visual cues presented either unilaterally or bilaterally, and either close to, or far from, the participant׳s body. The perception of nociceptive stimuli was biased in favor of the stimulus delivered on the hand adjacent to the unilateral visual cue, especially when the cue was presented near the participant׳s hand. These results therefore suggest that a peripersonal frame of reference is used to map the position of nociceptive stimuli in multisensory space. We propose that peripersonal space constitutes a kind of margin of safety around the body to alert an organism to possible threats.
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Noxious stimuli are mapped on a spatial representation that is anchored to the PPS.
“In analogy to other sensory stimuli, it has been demonstrated that noxious stimuli are mapped on a spatial representation that is anchored to the PPS (Haggard et al. 2013; De Paepe et al. 2014).”
From Neuroanatomical correlates of peripersonal space: bridging the gap between perception, action, emotion and social cognition (2024) · cites this paper as De Paepe et al. 2014
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“In analogy to other sensory stimuli, it has been demonstrated that noxious stimuli are mapped on a spatial representation that is anchored to the PPS (Haggard et al. 2013; De Paepe et al. 2014).”
BackgroundCognitive Psychology and Neuropsychology of Nociception and Pain
Legrain, V., & Torta, D. M. E. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12033-1_1 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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Self-citationWatching what’s coming near increases tactile sensitivity: An experimental investigation
der Biest, L. V., Legrain, V., Paepe, A. L. D., & Crombez, G. (2015) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.10.028 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationEEG Frequency Tagging to Dissociate the Cortical Responses to Nociceptive and Nonnociceptive Stimuli
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Investigating peri-limb interaction between nociception and vision using spatial depth.
Vanderclausen, C., Filbrich, L., Alamia, A., & Legrain, V. (2017) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.060 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationAn investigation of perceptual biases in complex regional pain syndrome
Paepe, A. L. D., Legrain, V., der Biest, L. V., Hollevoet, N., Tongel, A. V., Wilde, L. F. D., Jacobs, H., & Crombez, G. (2020) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.8819 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Self-citationFilbrich, L., Halicka, M., Alamia, A., & Legrain, V. (2017) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2017.11.011 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationTorta, D. M. E., Filbrich, L., van den Broeke, E. N., & Legrain, V. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-23135-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
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Self-citationAttentional bias to pain-relevant body locations: New methods, new challenges
Damme, S. V., Bulcke, C. V., Durnez, W., & Crombez, G. (2016) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2016.05.012 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationUnimodal and crossmodal extinction of nociceptive stimuli in healthy volunteers
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Self-citationChiarella, S. G., Pastina, R. D., Raffone, A., & Simione, L. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14040306 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Egocentric value maps of the near-body environment
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Visuo-tactile predictive mechanisms of peripersonal space
Dijkerman, H. C., & Medendorp, W. P. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198851738.003.0005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Modulation of exteroceptive electromyographic responses in defensive peripersonal space
Versace, V., Campostrini, S., Sebastianelli, L., Saltuari, L. L., & Köfler, M. (2019) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00554.2018 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Manfron, L., Filbrich, L., Nijs, E., Mouraux, A., & Legrain, V. (2020) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135156 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationDurnez, W., & Damme, S. V. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0156648 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Spaccasassi, C., Dijkerman, H. C., Maravita, A., Ferrante, O., & de Jong, M. C. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01749 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Vanderclausen, C., Manfron, L., Volder, A. D., & Legrain, V. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001721 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationLetter on the pain of blind people for the use of those who can see their pain
Legrain, V., Filbrich, L., & Vanderclausen, C. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002862 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSpatial content of painful sensations
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Modulation of multisensory nociceptive neurons in monkey cortical area 7b and behavioral correlates
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What do ‘peripersonal space measures’ really reflect? The action field perspective
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Perceptual simultaneity between nociceptive and visual stimuli depends on their spatial congruence
Manfron, L., Filbrich, L., Molitor, V., Farnè, A., Mouraux, A., & Legrain, V. (2023) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-023-06637-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Prism adaptation contrasts perceptual habituation for repetitive somatosensory stimuli
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Location of Nociceptive Stimulus in the Peripersonal Space Impacts Pain Experience
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Self-citationModulation of Spinal Nociceptive Excitability by Nociceptive‐Visual Interaction
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The peripersonal space : a space to inter-act
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Dimension sociale de l’espace péri-personnel des primates
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Peripersonal Space : hand-centred coding in perceptual and learning processes
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Visuonociceptive facilitation in peripersonal space and its relationship to body ownership
Coppi, S., D’Angelo, M., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2026) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109580
- Authors
- De Paepe, A. L., Crombez, G., Spence, C., & Legrain, V.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Neuropsychologia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 56
- Pages
- 219-228
- ISSN
- 0028-3932 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052120603
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 11.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- biblio.ugent.be
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuropsychologia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium)
- Fund for Scientific Research of French speaking Community of Belgium (F.R.S.-FNRS)
- Bilateral Scientific Cooperation Oxford-Ghent University (BOF10/BIP/015)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Keywords
- peripersonal space, nociception, pain localization, temporal order judgment, multisensory integration, somatosensory perception, visual cues, body surface potential mapping, safety margin, threat detection
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Cues, Female, Hand, Humans, Judgment, Functional Laterality, Male, Physical Stimulation, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Space Perception, Young Adult, Nociception
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