Short-term probiotic supplementation enhances cellular immune function in healthy elderly: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled studies
Open accessAbstract
Immune function declines with advancing age. Probiotic supplementation has been proposed to slow or reverse these age-related changes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic supplementation on cellular innate immune activity in healthy elderly subjects. We hypothesized that probiotic supplementation would enhance immune function. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials that reported polymorphonuclear cell phagocytic capacity or natural killer (NK) cell tumoricidal activity following short-term probiotic supplementation in the elderly. Effect size was reported as the standardized mean difference (SMD) between probiotic and control groups, where values of 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.0 corresponded to small, medium, large, and very large effect sizes, respectively. A total of 17 prospective controlled studies (18 comparisons) of 733 subjects were included. Probiotic supplementation duration ranged from 3 to 12 weeks. Probiotic supplementation increased polymorphonuclear phagocytic capacity (SMD = 1.37, 95% confidence interval: 0.86-1.88, P < .001) and NK cell tumoricidal activity (SMD = 0.55, 95% confidence interval: 0.37-0.73, P < .001) relative to controls. In a subgroup analysis of NK cell activity, heterogeneity among studies was not explained by variability in study design or probiotic characteristics. Main limitations of this research were short-term supplementation durations and unclear clinical benefit of the immune changes. In conclusion, short-term probiotic supplementation enhances cellular immune function in healthy elderly adults.
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Probiotics have been reported to improve natural killer and phagocytic responses in the elderly.
“Probiotics have been reported to improve the NK and phagocytic responses in the elderly (Miller et al., 2019).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2019
Selected probiotics have been reported to increase natural killer cell activity and cytotoxic activity.
“Selected probiotics have been reported to increase natural killer cell activity and cytotoxic activity (Miller et al., 2019).”
From Viral Infections, the Microbiome, and Probiotics (2021) · cites this paper as Miller et al., 2019
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- Authors
- Miller, L. E., Lehtoranta, L., & Lehtinen, M. J.
- Affiliations
- DuPont (Finland) (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Larry E.
- Venue
- Nutrition Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-04
- Volume
- 64
- Pages
- 1-8
- ISSN
- 0271-5317 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2907086227
- Cited by
- 60
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 0.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrition Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- DuPont Nutrition and Health
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- probiotics, probiotic supplementation, cellular immune function, healthy older adults, aging, natural killer cells, innate immunity, immunosenescence
- MeSH terms
- Immunosenescence, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bacteria, Female, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Killer Cells, Natural, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Phagocytes, Probiotics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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