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Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: A consensus report
Open accessAbstract
In September 2006, members of the Sex, Gender and Pain Special Interest Group of the International Association for the Study of Pain met to discuss the following: (1) what is known about sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia; (2) what are the "best practice" guidelines for pain research with respect to sex and gender; and (3) what are the crucial questions to address in the near future? The resulting consensus presented herein includes input from basic science, clinical and psychosocial pain researchers, as well as from recognized experts in sexual differentiation and reproductive endocrinology. We intend this document to serve as a utilitarian and thought-provoking guide for future research on sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia, both for those currently working in this field as well as those still wondering, "Do I really need to study females?"
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Metadata
- Authors
- Greenspan, J. D., Craft, R. M., LeResche, L., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Berkley, K. J., Fillingim, R. B., Gold, M. S., Holdcroft, A., Lautenbacher, S., Mayer, E. A., Mogil, J. S., Murphy, A. Z., & Traub, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Florida State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Greenspan, Joel D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2007-11
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- Supplement 1
- Pages
- S26-S45
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2823483
- OpenAlex
- W2085502426
- Cited by
- 1,033
- References
- 224
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 59 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 62 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 57
- FWCI
- 48.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA016272)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK066641)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD039699)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
- Keywords
- sex differences, gender differences, analgesia, sexual differentiation, reproductive endocrinology, psychosocial pain
- MeSH terms
- Analgesics, Animals, Culture, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Menstrual Cycle, Pain, Psychology, Sex Characteristics, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Models, Animal, Pain Management
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