Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15): a survival protein with therapeutic potential in metabolic diseases
Open accessAbstract
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), also known as NSAID activated gene-1 (NAG-1), is associated with a large number of biological processes and diseases, including cancer and obesity. GDF15 is synthesized as pro-GDF15, is dimerized, and is cleaved and secreted into the circulation as a mature dimer GDF15. Both the intracellular GDF15 and the circulating mature GDF15 are implicated in biological processes, such as energy homeostasis and body weight regulation. Although there have been many studies on GDF15, GFRAL, a member of the glial-derived neurotropic factor receptor α family, has only been recently identified as a receptor for mature GDF15. In this review, we focused on cancer and energy homeostasis along with obesity and body weight, and the effect of the identification of the GDF15 receptor in these investigations. In addition, the therapeutic potential of GDF15 as a pharmacological agent in obesity and other metabolic diseases was discussed.
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GDF15 is not highly expressed in the human liver under basal conditions, but is highly expressed in the liver, adipose, and intestine in mice.
“While GDF15 is not highly expressed in the human liver under basal conditions, it is highly expressed in the liver, adipose, and intestine in mice [[204], [205], [206]].”
From Hepatokines and metabolism: Deciphering communication from the liver (2021) · cites this paper as [205]
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- Authors
- Baek, S. J., & Eling, T.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baek, Seung Joon
- Venue
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 198
- Pages
- 46-58
- ISSN
- 0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7196666
- OpenAlex
- W2918015724
- Cited by
- 194
- References
- 117
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH
- NIEHS Intramural Research Program (Z01- ES010016-14)
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science
- BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research Center
- Seoul National University
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Korea government (NRF-2018R1A2B2002923)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › GDF15 and Related Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fibroblast Growth Factor Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- growth differentiation factor 15, NAG-1, GFRAL, energy homeostasis, body weight regulation, obesity, cancer, metabolic disorders, therapeutic potential
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Neoplasms, Receptors, Cytokine, Growth Differentiation Factor 15
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