20-Hydroxyecdysone Increases Fiber Size in a Muscle-Specific Fashion in Rat
Abstract
20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) is an ecdysteroid hormone that regulates moulting in insects. Interestingly, 20E is also found most abundantly in plant species and has anabolic effects in vertebrates, i.e. increasing muscle size without androgen influence. The effect of 20E on slow and fast fiber types of skeletal muscle has not been reported yet. Here we present that 20E affects the size (cross-sectional area, CSA) of the different fiber types in a muscle-specific manner. The effect on fiber size was modified by the distance from the site of the treatment and the presence of a regenerating soleus muscle in the animal. Besides the fiber size, 20E also increased the myonuclear number in the fibers of normal and regenerating muscles, suggesting the activation of satellite cells. According to our results 20E may provide an alternative for substitution of anabolic-androgenic steroids in therapeutic treatments against muscle atrophy.
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Phytoecdysteroids have been shown to stimulate growth in several animal species, including mice, rats, sheep, pigs, and quail.
“Indeed, phytoecdysteroids have been shown to stimulate growth in several animal species, including mice [4, 15], rats, sheep, pigs, and quail [16].”
Earlier in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed non-hormonal anabolic activities of 20E and other ecdysteroids, including stimulation of protein synthesis, increased body and organ weight, and improved skeletal muscle mass and fiber size.
“Earlier in vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the non-hormonal anabolic activities of 20E and other ecdysteroids [5] in terms of stimulation of protein synthesis, increased weight of the whole body and internal organs, and improved skeletal muscle mass and fiber size [8,9].”
The mitigation of muscle atrophy by both ecdysteroids is consistent with their anabolic activity.
“In our study, both ecdysteroids mitigated muscle atrophy in the tibialis anterior and soleus, which effect is consistent with their anabolic activity [5,6,8].”
20E or poststerone showed muscle-specific effects when injected perimuscularly into the leg of young adult male rats.
“Indeed, 20E, or even its derivative, poststerone, showed muscle-specific effects when injected perimuscularly into the leg of young adult male rats [17,18].”
From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
The CSA increase in different fibre types was not the same in extensor digitorum longus as in the soleus muscles.
“The CSA increase in different fibre types was not the same in extensor digitorum longus (EDL) as in the soleus muscles [17].”
From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Fibre size measured by cross-sectional area increased depending on the fibre type.
“In addition, fibre size (measured by cross-sectional area, CSA) increased depending on the fibre type.”
From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
The CSA increase in fibre types depended on the distance from application and the presence of a regenerating soleus in the animal.
“The CSA increase in fibre types also depended on the distance from application (i.e., whether the muscle was in a treated or untreated leg) and the presence of a regenerating soleus in the animal.”
From Molecular Targets of 20-Hydroxyecdysone in Mammals, Mechanism of Action: Is It a Calorie Restriction Mimetic and Anti-Aging Compound? (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Beta-ecdysone increases muscle weight in rodents.
“As it increases muscle weight in rodents [26-28], βEcd has been referred to as an “anabolic” naturally-derived supplement [29].”
From Prevention of glucocorticoid induced bone changes with beta-ecdysone (2015) · cites this paper as [28]
20-HE has well-documented anabolic potency.
“a phytoecdysteroid that was proven to have low acute toxicity [8] and an anabolic potency that have been well documented [6,7,19,76].”
From Phytoecdysteroids and Anabolic Effect of Atriplex dimorphostegia: UPLC-PDA-MS/MS Profiling, In Silico and In Vivo Models (2023) · cites this paper as [19]
20-HE has low acute toxicity.
“the most widely investigated ecdysteroid was 20-HE due to its low acute toxicity [8,19].”
From Phytoecdysteroids and Anabolic Effect of Atriplex dimorphostegia: UPLC-PDA-MS/MS Profiling, In Silico and In Vivo Models (2023) · cites this paper as [19]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Tóth, N., Szabó, A., Kacsala, P., Héger, J., & Zádor, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Szeged (HU)
- ORCID
- Tóth, Noémi
- Venue
- Phytomedicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-09
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 691-698
- ISSN
- 0944-7113 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060734624
- Cited by
- 85
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Phytomedicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SZTE Publicatio Repozitórium (University of Szeged) (acceptedVersion)
- Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- 20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysteroids, muscle fiber size, skeletal muscle fiber types, fast and slow muscle fibers, cross-sectional area, myonuclear number, satellite cells, muscle regeneration, soleus muscle, muscle atrophy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Ecdysterone, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Organ Size, Rats, Wistar, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Rats
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