The ventral hippocampus and the lateral septum work in tandem to regulate rats' open-arm exploration in the elevated plus-maze
Abstract
Lesions or pharmacological inhibition of the ventral hippocampus or the lateral septum suppress rats' defensive responses in various rat models of anxiety. Although these two structures are extensively connected, it was not clear whether they regulate anxiety in a parallel (independent) or serial (integrated) fashion. In Experiment 1, bilateral infusions of the GABA-A receptor agonist muscimol (5 ng/side) into the lateral septum increased rats' open-arm exploration in the elevated plus-maze test, whereas unilateral infusions of muscimol did not. Similar anxiolytic-like effects were observed in Experiment 2, following bilateral infusions of muscimol (500 ng/side) into the ventral hippocampus. In Experiment 3, we confirmed that unilateral infusions of muscimol into either the lateral septum (5 ng) or the ventral hippocampus (500 ng) did not alter rats' normal open-arm avoidance. Importantly, dramatic increases in open-arm exploration were evident when muscimol was co-infused into one side of the lateral septum (5 ng) and the contralateral ventral hippocampus (500 ng). By contrast, open-arm exploration was not altered when these same doses of muscimol were co-infused into one side of the lateral septum and the ipsilateral ventral hippocampus. These results support the contention that the ventral hippocampus and the lateral septum regulate rats' open-arm exploration in a serial fashion, and that this involves ipsilateral projections from the former to the latter site.
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Ipsilateral projections from vHPC to lateral septum convey an anxiety signal; bilateral blockade of activity in either structure using muscimol increases open-arm exploration in the EPM, as does disconnection of the two using pharmacological inactivation of vHPC in one hemisphere and concurrent inactivation of the contralateral lateral septum.
“Ipsilateral projections from vHPC to lateral septum convey an anxiety signal; bilateral blockade of activity in either structure using muscimol increases open-arm exploration in the EPM, as does disconnection of the two using pharmacological inactivation of vHPC in one hemisphere and concurrent inactivation of the contralateral lateral septum95.”
From Resolving the neural circuits of anxiety (2015) · cites this paper as [95]
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Pattern of forebrain activation in high novelty-seeking rats following aggressive encounter
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Central metabolite changes and activation of microglia after peripheral interleukin-2 challenge
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Neuronal diversity and reciprocal connectivity between the vertebrate hippocampus and septum
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Theta frequency prefrontal–hippocampal driving relationship during free exploration in mice
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Self-citationAstrocyte specification in the mouse septum is shaped by both developmental origin and local signals
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“…several studies implicate circuitry of the hippocampus and LS in reactions to novelty and exploration of novel environments, but without a social component (Belzung, 1992; Poucet, 1989; Trent and Menard, 2010), whereas our effects to contextual novelty were only observed in a social context.”
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Self-citationAversive Contexts Reduce Activity in the Ventral Subiculum- BNST Pathway
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The Lateral Septum and the Regulation of Anxiety
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- Authors
- Trent, N. L., & Menard, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Menard, Janet L.
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-08
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 141-152
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1991416612
- Cited by
- 76
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- ventral hippocampus, lateral septum, anxiety, open arm exploration, elevated plus maze, muscimol, GABAA receptor, ipsilateral projection, serial processing, anxiolytic effects, avoidance behavior
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Exploratory Behavior, Hippocampus, Functional Laterality, Male, Microinjections, Muscimol, Neural Pathways, GABA Agonists, Maze Learning, Rats, Long-Evans, Septum of Brain, Rats, GABA-A Receptor Agonists
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