The DOI matches its Crossref record; 251 of the 251 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Theory and applications of free-electron vortex states
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Both classical and quantum waves can form vortices : entities with helical phase fronts and circulating current densities. These features determine the intrinsic orbital angular momentum carried by localized vortex states. In the past 25 years, optical vortex beams have become an inherent part of modern optics, with many remarkable achievements and applications. In the past decade, it has been realized and demonstrated that such vortex beams or wavepackets can also appear in free electron waves , in particular, in electron microscopy. Interest in free-electron vortex states quickly spread over different areas of physics: from basic aspects of quantum mechanics, via applications for fine probing of matter (including individual atoms), to high-energy particle collision and radiation processes. Here we provide a comprehensive review of theoretical and experimental studies in this emerging field of research. We describe the main properties of electron vortex states, experimental achievements and possible applications within transmission electron microscopy, as well as the possible role of vortex electrons in relativistic and high-energy processes. We aim to provide a balanced description including a pedagogical introduction, solid theoretical basis, and a wide range of practical details. Special attention is paid to translating theoretical insights into suggestions for future experiments, in electron microscopy and beyond, in any situation where free electrons occur.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Principles of Optics: 60th Anniversary Edition
Born, M., & Wolf, E. (2019) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108769914 · Cited by 26,251
(2020) · Electromagnetic Processes · doi:10.2307/j.ctv131bv37.5 · Cited by 21,966
Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes
Allen, L., Beijersbergen, M. W., Spreeuw, R. J. C., & Woerdman, J. P. (1992) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.45.8185 · Cited by 10,455
Plasmonics: Fundamentals and Applications
Maier, S. A. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-37825-1 · Cited by 9,728
Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory
Aharonov, Y., & Bohm, D. (1959) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.115.485 · Cited by 6,996
Greiner, W. (1998) · Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0587-6 · Cited by 6,657
Novotny, L., & Hecht, B. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108781503 · Cited by 6,220
Berry phase effects on electronic properties
Xiao, D., Chang, M.-C., & Niu, Q. (2010) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.1959 · Cited by 5,277
A revolution in optical manipulation
Grier, D. G. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01935 · Cited by 5,123
Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing
Wang, J., Yang, J.-Y., Fazal, I. M., Ahmed, N., Yan, Y., Huang, H., Ren, Y., Yue, Y., Dolinar, S., Tur, M., et al. (2012) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.138 · Cited by 4,633
Plasmonics: Merging Photonics and Electronics at Nanoscale Dimensions
Ozbay, E. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1114849 · Cited by 4,558
Ellipsometry and Polarized Light
Azzam, R. M. A., Bashara, N. M., & Ballard, S. S. (1978) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.2994821 · Cited by 4,280
Quantised singularities in the electromagnetic field,
Dirac, P. A. M. (1931) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character · doi:10.1098/rspa.1931.0130 · Cited by 3,701
Durnin, J., Miceli, J. J., & Eberly, J. H. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.58.1499 · Cited by 3,667
Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons
Mair, A., Vaziri, A., Weihs, G., & Zeilinger, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35085529 · Cited by 3,321
Orbital angular momentum: origins, behavior and applications
Yao, A. M., & Padgett, M. J. (2011) · Advances in Optics and Photonics · doi:10.1364/aop.3.000161 · Cited by 3,294
(2013) · Quantum Field Theory and the Standard Model · doi:10.1017/9781139540940.014 · Cited by 3,230
Terabit-Scale Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Division Multiplexing in Fibers
Bozinovic, N., Yue, Y., Ren, Y., Tur, M., Kristensen, P., Huang, H., Willner, A. E., & Ramachandran, S. (2013) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1237861 · Cited by 2,912
Observation of the Spin Hall Effect in Semiconductors
Kato, Y. K., Myers, R. C., Gossard, A. C., & Awschalom, D. D. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1105514 · Cited by 2,634
Exact solutions for nondiffracting beams I The scalar theory
Durnin, J. (1987) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.4.000651 · Cited by 2,605
Free-space information transfer using light beams carrying orbital angular momentum
Gibson, G., Courtial, J., Padgett, M. J., Vasnetsov, M., Pas'ko, V., Barnett, S. M., & Franke-Arnold, S. (2004) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/opex.12.005448 · Cited by 2,558
Nano-optics of surface plasmon polaritons
Zayats, A. V., Smolyaninov, I. I., & Maradudin, A. A. (2005) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2004.11.001 · Cited by 2,519
Molecular Light Scattering and Optical Activity
Barron, L. D. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535468 · Cited by 2,333
Quantum Mechanics (Non-Relativistic Theory)
Elton, L. R. B. (1958) · Physics Bulletin · doi:10.1088/0031-9112/9/10/007 · Cited by 2,318
Spin–orbit interactions of light
Bliokh, K. Y., Rodríguez-Fortuño, F. J., Nori, F., & Zayats, A. V. (2015) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.201 · Cited by 2,276 · cited 5×
“, focused or scattered) optical fields [180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 66].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationOn the Dirac Theory of Spin 1/2 Particles and Its Non-Relativistic Limit
Foldy, L. L., & Wouthuysen, S. A. (1950) · Physical Review · doi:10.1103/physrev.78.29 · Cited by 2,183
Nye, J. F., & Berry, M. V. (1974) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.1974.0012 · Cited by 2,157
Dissipationless Quantum Spin Current at Room Temperature
Murakami, S., Nagaosa, N., & Zhang, S.-C. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1087128 · Cited by 1,946
Ellipsometry and Polarized Light
Cox, L. J. (1978) · Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics · doi:10.1080/713819761 · Cited by 1,897
Cohen-Tannoudji, C. N., & Laloë, F. (1977) · Cited by 1,886
He, H., Friese, M. E. J., Heckenberg, N. R., & Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H. (1995) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.75.826 · Cited by 1,669
Helical-wavefront laser beams produced with a spiral phaseplate
Beijersbergen, M. W., Coerwinkel, R. P. C., Kristensen, M., & Woerdman, J. P. (1994) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(94)90638-6 · Cited by 1,593
Dynamic holographic optical tweezers
Curtis, J. E., Koss, B. A., & Grier, D. G. (2002) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01524-9 · Cited by 1,531
Thaller, B. (1992) · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-02753-0 · Cited by 1,530
Astigmatic laser mode converters and transfer of orbital angular momentum
Beijersbergen, M. W., Allen, L., van der Veen, H. E. L. O., & Woerdman, J. P. (1993) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(93)90535-d · Cited by 1,483
Generation of optical phase singularities by computer-generated holograms
Heckenberg, N. R., McDuff, R., Smith, C. P., & White, A. G. (1992) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.17.000221 · Cited by 1,388
Landau, L. (1930) · Zeitschrift f�r Physik · doi:10.1007/bf01397213 · Cited by 1,374
Bessel beams: Diffraction in a new light
McGloin, D., & Dholakia, K. (2005) · Contemporary Physics · doi:10.1080/0010751042000275259 · Cited by 1,362
Molina-Terriza, G., Torres, J. P., & Torner, L. (2007) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys607 · Cited by 1,331
�ber eine Klasse von L�sungen der Diracschen Gleichung
Wolkow, D. M. (1935) · Zeitschrift f�r Physik · doi:10.1007/bf01331022 · Cited by 1,287
Optical Chirality and Its Interaction with Matter
Tang, Y., & Cohen, A. E. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.104.163901 · Cited by 1,283
Magnetic Flux, Angular Momentum, and Statistics
Wilczek, F. (1982) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.48.1144 · Cited by 1,252
Wave–particle duality of C60 molecules
Arndt, M., Nairz, O., Vos-Andreae, J., Keller, C., van der Zouw, G., & Zeilinger, A. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/44348 · Cited by 1,238
Precession of the Polarization of Particles Moving in a Homogeneous Electromagnetic Field
Bargmann, V., Michel, L., & Telegdi, V. L. (1959) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.2.435 · Cited by 1,201
Measuring the Orbital Angular Momentum of a Single Photon
Leach, J., Padgett, M. J., Barnett, S. M., Franke-Arnold, S., & Courtial, J. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.257901 · Cited by 1,143
Utilization of Photon Orbital Angular Momentum in the Low-Frequency Radio Domain
Thidé, B., Then, H., Sjöholm, J., Palmer, K., Bergman, J., Carozzi, T. D., Istomin, Y. N., Ibragimov, N. H., & Khamitova, R. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.087701 · Cited by 1,141
Akhiezer, A. I., Berestetskii, V. B., & Shaffer, R. A. (1965) · American Journal of Physics · doi:10.1119/1.1971111 · Cited by 1,120
Efficient Sorting of Orbital Angular Momentum States of Light
Berkhout, G. C. G., Lavery, M. P. J., Courtial, J., Beijersbergen, M. W., & Padgett, M. J. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.153601 · Cited by 1,110
IV The Orbital Angular Momentum of Light
Allen, L., Padgett, M. J., & Babiker, M. (1999) · Progress in Optics · doi:10.1016/s0079-6638(08)70391-3 · Cited by 1,086
Introduction to Quantum Mechanics: A Time-Dependent Perspective
Tannor, D. J. (2006) · Cited by 1,072
Mapping surface plasmons on a single metallic nanoparticle
Nelayah, J., Kociak, M., Stéphan, O., García de Abajo, F. J., Tencé, M., Henrard, L., Taverna, D., Pastoriza-Santos, I., Liz-Marzán, L. M., & Colliex, C. (2007) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys575 · Cited by 1,065
He, H., Friese, M. E. J., Heckenberg, N. R., & Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H. (2004) · Optical Angular Momentum · doi:10.1887/0750309016/b1142c31 · Cited by 1,022
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Nature of the Orbital Angular Momentum of a Light Beam
O'Neil, A. T., MacVicar, I., Allen, L., & Padgett, M. J. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.053601 · Cited by 1,005
Transverse and longitudinal angular momenta of light
Bliokh, K. Y., & Nori, F. (2015) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2015.06.003 · Cited by 954
Self-citationAdvances in optical angular momentum
Franke‐Arnold, S., Allen, L., & Padgett, M. (2008) · Laser & Photonics Reviews · doi:10.1002/lpor.200810007 · Cited by 924
Bemerkung zur Quantelung des harmonischen Oszillators im Magnetfeld
Fock, V. (1928) · The European Physical Journal A · doi:10.1007/bf01390750 · Cited by 880
Production and application of electron vortex beams
Verbeeck, J., Tian, H., & Schattschneider, P. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09366 · Cited by 879
Self-citationOptical vortex trapping of particles
Gahagan, K. T., & Swartzlander, G. A. (1996) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.21.000827 · Cited by 873
Encoding many channels on the same frequency through radio vorticity: first experimental test
Tamburini, F., Mari, E., Sponselli, A., Thidé, B., Bianchini, A., & Romanato, F. (2012) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/033001 · Cited by 848
Soskin, M. S., & Vasnetsov, M. V. (2001) · Progress in Optics · doi:10.1016/s0079-6638(01)80018-4 · Cited by 823
Quantum spin Hall effect of light
Bliokh, K. Y., Smirnova, D., & Nori, F. (2015) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaa9519 · Cited by 810
Self-citationGeneration of electron beams carrying orbital angular momentum
Uchida, M., & Tonomura, A. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08904 · Cited by 781
Enhanced Enantioselectivity in Excitation of Chiral Molecules by Superchiral Light
Tang, Y., & Cohen, A. E. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1202817 · Cited by 764
Optical vortices evolving from helicoidal integer and fractional phase steps
Berry, M. V. (2004) · Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics · doi:10.1088/1464-4258/6/2/018 · Cited by 719
Curtis, J. E., & Grier, D. G. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.90.133901 · Cited by 692
Intrinsic spin Hall effect and orbital Hall effect in4dand5dtransition metals
Tanaka, T., Kontani, H., Naito, M., Naito, T., Hirashima, D. S., Yamada, K., & Inoue, J. (2008) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.165117 · Cited by 684
Chapter 5 Singular Optics: Optical Vortices and Polarization Singularities
Dennis, M. R., O'Holleran, K., & Padgett, M. J. (2009) · Progress in Optics · doi:10.1016/s0079-6638(08)00205-9 · Cited by 666
Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion in a Strongly Focused Optical Beam
Zhao, Y., Edgar, J. S., Jeffries, G. D. M., McGloin, D., & Chiu, D. T. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.073901 · Cited by 665
Allen, L., Barnett, S. M., & Padgett, M. J. (2003) · doi:10.1887/0750309016 · Cited by 662
The Diamagnetism of the Free Electron
DARWIN, C. G. (1931) · Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1017/s0305004100009373 · Cited by 636
Quantum Correlations in Optical Angle–Orbital Angular Momentum Variables
Leach, J., Jack, B., Romero, J., Jha, A. K., Yao, A. M., Franke-Arnold, S., Ireland, D. G., Boyd, R. W., Barnett, S. M., & Padgett, M. J. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1190523 · Cited by 635
Geometrodynamics of spinning light
Bliokh, K. Y., Niv, A., Kleiner, V., & Hasman, E. (2008) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2008.229 · Cited by 615
Self-citationElectron Vortex Beams with High Quanta of Orbital Angular Momentum
McMorran, B. J., Agrawal, A., Anderson, I. M., Herzing, A. A., Lezec, H. J., McClelland, J. J., & Unguris, J. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1198804 · Cited by 604
Atomic-Resolution Imaging with a Sub-50-pm Electron Probe
Erni, R., Rossell, M. D., Kisielowski, C., & Dahmen, U. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.102.096101 · Cited by 562
Quantized Rotation of Atoms from Photons with Orbital Angular Momentum
Andersen, M., Ryu, C., Cladé, P., Natarajan, V., Vaziri, A., Helmerson, K., & Phillips, W. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.170406 · Cited by 534
Berry, M. V. (2009) · Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics · doi:10.1088/1464-4258/11/9/094001 · Cited by 531
Foo, G., Swartzlander, G. A., & Palacios, D. (2005) · Frontiers in Optics · doi:10.1364/fio.2005.jwa22 · Cited by 530
Marrucci, L., Karimi, E., Slussarenko, S., Piccirillo, B., Santamato, E., Nagali, E., & Sciarrino, F. (2011) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8978/13/6/064001 · Cited by 510
Efficient separation of the orbital angular momentum eigenstates of light
Mirhosseini, M., Malik, M., Shi, Z., & Boyd, R. W. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3781 · Cited by 498
Optical vortex solitons observed in Kerr nonlinear media
Swartzlander, G. A., & Law, C. T. (1992) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.69.2503 · Cited by 496
Dennis, M. R., King, R. P., Jack, B., O’Holleran, K., & Padgett, M. J. (2010) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1504 · Cited by 486
Generation of electron Airy beams
Voloch-Bloch, N., Lereah, Y., Lilach, Y., Gover, A., & Arie, A. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11840 · Cited by 473
Optical vortices and vortex solitons
Desyatnikov, A. S., Kivshar, Y. S., & Torner, L. (2005) · Progress in Optics · doi:10.1016/s0079-6638(05)47006-7 · Cited by 472
Applications of electron holography
Tonomura, A. (1987) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.59.639 · Cited by 469
(2012) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511795213 · Cited by 467
Turnbull, G. A., Robertson, D. A., Smith, G. M., Allen, L., & Padgett, M. J. (1996) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(96)00070-3 · Cited by 464
Observation of the Spin-Based Plasmonic Effect in Nanoscale Structures
Gorodetski, Y., Niv, A., Kleiner, V., & Hasman, E. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.101.043903 · Cited by 446
An ontological basis for the quantum theory
Bohm, D., Hiley, B. J., & Kaloyerou, P. N. (1987) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(87)90024-x · Cited by 442
Physical origin of the Gouy phase shift
Feng, S., & Winful, H. G. (2001) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.26.000485 · Cited by 425
Exact Solutions of Relativistic Wave Equations
Bagrov, V. G., & Gitman, D. M. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1854-2 · Cited by 417
Overcoming the Rayleigh Criterion Limit with Optical Vortices
Tamburini, F., Anzolin, G., Umbriaco, G., Bianchini, A., & Barbieri, C. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.163903 · Cited by 415
The Transmission Electron Microscope
Williams, D. B., & Carter, C. B. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-76501-3_1 · Cited by 407
The angular momentum controversy: What’s it all about and does it matter?
Leader, E., & Lorcé, C. (2014) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2014.02.010 · Cited by 402
Twisted light transmission over 143 km
Krenn, M., Handsteiner, J., Fink, M., Fickler, R., Ursin, R., Malik, M., & Zeilinger, A. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1612023113 · Cited by 382
Observation of the vortex structure of a non-integer vortex beam
Leach, J., Yao, E., & Padgett, M. J. (2004) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/6/1/071 · Cited by 381
The Transmission Electron Microscope
Williams, D. B., & Carter, C. B. (1996) · Transmission Electron Microscopy · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-2519-3_1 · Cited by 375
Laser beams with phase singularities
Heckenberg, N. R., McDuff, R., Smith, C. P., Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H., & Wegener, M. J. (1992) · Optical and Quantum Electronics · doi:10.1007/bf01588597 · Cited by 371
Internal flows and energy circulation in light beams
Bekshaev, A., Bliokh, K. Y., & Soskin, M. (2011) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8978/13/5/053001 · Cited by 368
Self-citationGarcés-Chávez, V., McGloin, D., Padgett, M. J., Dultz, W., Schmitzer, H., & Dholakia, K. (2003) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.093602 · Cited by 365
Semiclassical Dynamics of Electron Wave Packet States with Phase Vortices
Bliokh, K. Y., Bliokh, Y. P., Savel’ev, S., & Nori, F. (2007) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.99.190404 · Cited by 355
Self-citationUltrafast electron microscopy in materials science, biology, and chemistry
King, W. E., Campbell, G. H., Frank, A., Reed, B., Schmerge, J. F., Siwick, B. J., Stuart, B. C., & Weber, P. M. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1927699 · Cited by 345
Twisting of light around rotating black holes
Tamburini, F., Thidé, B., Molina-Terriza, G., & Anzolin, G. (2011) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys1907 · Cited by 344
Matter-Wave Interferometer for Large Molecules
Brezger, B., Hackermüller, L., Uttenthaler, S., Petschinka, J., Arndt, M., & Zeilinger, A. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.88.100404 · Cited by 333
Phase singularities in isotropic random waves
Berry, M., & Dennis, M. R. (2000) · Proceedings of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspa.2000.0602 · Cited by 323
Angular momenta and spin-orbit interaction of nonparaxial light in free space
Bliokh, K. Y., Alonso, M. A., Ostrovskaya, E. A., & Aiello, A. (2010) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.82.063825 · Cited by 319
Self-citationSpot size and divergence for Laguerre Gaussian beams of any order
Phillips, R. L., & Andrews, L. C. (1983) · Applied Optics · doi:10.1364/ao.22.000643 · Cited by 302
Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in focusing, scattering, and imaging systems
Bliokh, K. Y., Ostrovskaya, E. A., Alonso, M. A., Rodríguez-Herrera, O. G., Lara, D., & Dainty, C. (2011) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.19.026132 · Cited by 294
Self-citationCharacterizing optical chirality
Bliokh, K. Y., & Nori, F. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.83.021803 · Cited by 283
Self-citationOrbital Angular Momentum Exchange in the Interaction of Twisted Light with Molecules
Babiker, M., Bennett, C. R., Andrews, D. L., & Dávila Romero, L. C. (2002) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.89.143601 · Cited by 278
Orbitronics: The Intrinsic Orbital Current inp-Doped Silicon
Bernevig, B. A., Hughes, T. L., & Zhang, S.-C. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.066601 · Cited by 275
Measuring the topological charge of an optical vortex by using a tilted convex lens
Vaity, P., Banerji, J., & Singh, R. P. (2013) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2013.02.030 · Cited by 275
Berkhout, G. C. G., & Beijersbergen, M. W. (2008) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.101.100801 · Cited by 269
Laser beams with screw dislocations in their wavefronts
Bazhenov, V. Y., Vasnetsov, M. V., & Soskin, M. S. (2004) · Optical Angular Momentum · doi:10.1887/0750309016/b1142c24 · Cited by 247
Light beams with fractional orbital angular momentum and their vortex structure
Götte, J. B., O’Holleran, K., Preece, D., Flossmann, F., Franke-Arnold, S., Barnett, S. M., & Padgett, M. J. (2008) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.16.000993 · Cited by 244
Dark Plasmonic Breathing Modes in Silver Nanodisks
Schmidt, F.-P., Ditlbacher, H., Hohenester, U., Hohenau, A., Hofer, F., & Krenn, J. R. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl3030938 · Cited by 238
Photon Orbital Angular Momentum in Astrophysics
Harwit, M. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/378623 · Cited by 234
Introduction to Conventional Transmission Electron Microscopy
Graef, M. D. (2003) · Materials Today · doi:10.1016/s1369-7021(03)00636-9 · Cited by 231
(1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-24486-2 · Cited by 231
Controlling neutron orbital angular momentum
Clark, C. W., Barankov, R., Huber, M. G., Arif, M., Cory, D. G., & Pushin, D. A. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature15265 · Cited by 220
Intuitive explanation of the phase anomaly of focused light beams
Boyd, R. W. (1980) · Journal of the Optical Society of America · doi:10.1364/josa.70.000877 · Cited by 216
Geometrical Optics of Beams with Vortices: Berry Phase and Orbital Angular Momentum Hall Effect
Bliokh, K. Y. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.043901 · Cited by 216
Self-citationRelativistic Electron Vortex Beams: Angular Momentum and Spin-Orbit Interaction
Bliokh, K. Y., Dennis, M. R., & Nori, F. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.174802 · Cited by 213
Self-citationParaxial beams of spinning light:
Berry, M. V. (1998) · SPIE Proceedings · doi:10.1117/12.317704 · Cited by 210
Shnir, Y. (2005) · Cited by 207
Controlled double-slit electron diffraction
Bach, R., Pope, D. T., Liou, S.-H., & Batelaan, H. (2013) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/3/033018 · Cited by 206
How orbital angular momentum affects beam shifts in optical reflection
Merano, M., Hermosa, N., Woerdman, J. P., & Aiello, A. (2010) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.82.023817 · Cited by 202
Optical vortex generation by three plane wave interference
Masajada, J., & Dubik, B. (2001) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/s0030-4018(01)01499-7 · Cited by 202
Quantum mechanical streamlines. I. Square potential barrier
Hirschfelder, J. O., Christoph, A. C., & Palke, W. E. (1974) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1681899 · Cited by 194
Generation of High-Energy Photons with Large Orbital Angular Momentum by Compton Backscattering
Jentschura, U. D., & Serbo, V. G. (2011) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.106.013001 · Cited by 186
Dooghin, A. V., Kundikova, N. D., Liberman, V. S., & Zel’dovich, B. Y. (1992) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.45.8204 · Cited by 185
Angular momentum of a strongly focused Gaussian beam
Nieminen, T. A., Stilgoe, A. B., Heckenberg, N. R., & Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H. (2008) · Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics · doi:10.1088/1464-4258/10/11/115005 · Cited by 181
Dragoman, D., & Dragoman, M. (2004) · The Frontiers Collection · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09647-5 · Cited by 178
Magnetoelectric Effects in Local Light-Matter Interactions
Bliokh, K. Y., Kivshar, Y. S., & Nori, F. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.033601 · Cited by 178
Self-citationHigh-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Using Negative Spherical Aberration
Jia, C.-L., Lentzen, & Urban, K. (2004) · Microscopy and Microanalysis · doi:10.1017/s1431927604040425 · Cited by 176
Magnetic monopole field exposed by electrons
Béché, A., Van Boxem, R., Van Tendeloo, G., & Verbeeck, J. (2014) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys2816 · Cited by 171
Self-citationSawada, H., Tanishiro, Y., Ohashi, N., Tomita, T., Hosokawa, F., Kaneyama, T., Kondo, Y., & Takayanagi, K. (2009) · Journal of Electron Microscopy · doi:10.1093/jmicro/dfp030 · Cited by 170
Optical dislocation networks in highly random media
Freund, I., Shvartsman, N., & Freilikher, V. (1993) · Optics Communications · doi:10.1016/0030-4018(93)90375-f · Cited by 164
Goos–Hänchen and Imbert–Fedorov shifts of polarized vortex beams
Bliokh, K. Y., Shadrivov, I. V., & Kivshar, Y. S. (2009) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.34.000389 · Cited by 158
Self-citationExperimental Verification of an Optical Vortex Coronagraph
Lee, J. H., Foo, G., Johnson, E. G., et al. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.97.053901 · Cited by 157
Quantized vortices around wavefunction nodes. II
Hirschfelder, J. O., Goebel, C. J., & Bruch, L. W. (1974) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1681900 · Cited by 149
Harris, J., Grillo, V., Mafakheri, E., Gazzadi, G. C., Frabboni, S., Boyd, R. W., & Karimi, E. (2015) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys3404 · Cited by 146
Generation of Nondiffracting Electron Bessel Beams
Grillo, V., Karimi, E., Gazzadi, G. C., Frabboni, S., Dennis, M. R., & Boyd, R. W. (2014) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.4.011013 · Cited by 145
Spin Hall effect and Berry phase of spinning particles
Bérard, A., & Mohrbach, H. (2006) · Physics Letters A · doi:10.1016/j.physleta.2005.11.071 · Cited by 144
Dynamics of optical spin-orbit coupling in uniaxial crystals
Brasselet, E., Izdebskaya, Y., Shvedov, V., Desyatnikov, A. S., Krolikowski, W., & Kivshar, Y. S. (2009) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.34.001021 · Cited by 144
Electron Vortex Beams in a Magnetic Field: A New Twist on Landau Levels and Aharonov-Bohm States
Bliokh, K. Y., Schattschneider, P., Verbeeck, J., & Nori, F. (2012) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.2.041011 · Cited by 137
Self-citationObservation of an x-ray vortex
Peele, A. G., McMahon, P. J., Paterson, D. J., et al. (2002) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.27.001752 · Cited by 136
Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in focusing, scattering, and imaging systems
Bliokh, K. Y., Ostrovskaya, E. A., Alonso, M. A., Rodríguez-Herrera, O. G., Lara, D., & Dainty, C. (2011) · Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology) · Cited by 136
Self-citationA Semiclassical Approach to the Dirac Equation
Bolte, J., & Keppeler, S. (1999) · Annals of Physics · doi:10.1006/aphy.1999.5912 · Cited by 135
Photon trajectories, anomalous velocities and weak measurements: a classical interpretation
Bliokh, K. Y., Bekshaev, A. Y., Kofman, A. G., & Nori, F. (2013) · New Journal of Physics · doi:10.1088/1367-2630/15/7/073022 · Cited by 134
Self-citationMotion of vortex lines in quantum mechanics
Białynicki‐Birula, I., Białynicka-Birula, Z., & Śliwa, C. (2000) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.61.032110 · Cited by 134
Interactions of twisted light with chiral molecules: An experimental investigation
Araoka, F., Verbiest, T., Clays, K., & Persoons, A. P. (2005) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.71.055401 · Cited by 128
Controlled Double-Slit Electron DiffractionPreprint
Bach, R., Pope, D. T., Liou, S. H., & Batelaan, H. (2012) · Cited by 128
Measurement of the light orbital angular momentum spectrum using an optical geometric transformation
Lavery, M. P. J., Berkhout, G. C. G., Courtial, J., & Padgett, M. J. (2011) · Journal of Optics · doi:10.1088/2040-8978/13/6/064006 · Cited by 127
Origin of the geometric forces accompanying Berry’s geometric potentials
Aharonov, Y., & Stern, A. (1992) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.69.3593 · Cited by 126
Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons
Mair, A., Vaziri, A., Weihs, G., & Zeilinger, A. (2004) · Institute of Physics eBooks · doi:10.1887/0750309016/b1142c50 · Cited by 123
Compton upconversion of twisted photons: backscattering of particles with non-planar wave functions
Jentschura, U. D., & Serbo, V. G. (2011) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-011-1571-z · Cited by 122
Several problems of the theory of transition radiation and transition scattering
Ginzburg, V. L., & Tsytovich, V. N. (1979) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/0370-1573(79)90052-8 · Cited by 117
Lloyd, S. M., Babiker, M., & Yuan, J. T. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.074802 · Cited by 117
Spin-to-Orbital Angular Momentum Conversion and Spin-Polarization Filtering in Electron Beams
Karimi, E., Marrucci, L., Grillo, V., & Santamato, E. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.044801 · Cited by 116
Observation of the Larmor and Gouy Rotations with Electron Vortex Beams
Guzzinati, G., Schattschneider, P., Bliokh, K. Y., Nori, F., & Verbeeck, J. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.093601 · Cited by 114
Self-citationParaxial Light Beams with Angular MomentumPreprint
Bekshaev, A. Y., Soskin, M. S., & Vasnetsov, M. V. (2008) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.0801.2309 · Cited by 112
Sculpturing the electron wave function using nanoscale phase masks
Shiloh, R., Lereah, Y., Lilach, Y., & Arie, A. (2014) · Ultramicroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.04.007 · Cited by 109
Conservation of angular momentum of light in single scattering
Dogariu, A., & Schwartz, C. (2006) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.14.008425 · Cited by 108
Space-variant polarization manipulation
Hasman, E., Biener, G., Niv, A., & Kleiner, V. (2005) · Progress in Optics · doi:10.1016/s0079-6638(05)47004-3 · Cited by 107
Dichroism in the Interaction between Vortex Electron Beams, Plasmons, and Molecules
Asenjo-García, A., & de Abajo, F. J. G. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.066102 · Cited by 106
Atomic scale electron vortices for nanoresearch
Verbeeck, J., Schattschneider, P., Lazar, S., Stöger‐Pollach, M., Löffler, S., Steiger‐Thirsfeld, A., & Tendeloo, G. V. (2011) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.3662012 · Cited by 105
Self-citationA proposal for dichroic experiments in the electron microscope
Hébert, C., & Schattschneider, P. (2003) · Ultramicroscopy · doi:10.1016/s0304-3991(03)00108-6 · Cited by 105
Self-citationColliding particles carrying nonzero orbital angular momentum
Ivanov, I. P. (2011) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.83.093001 · Cited by 104
Self-citationFresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction of a Gaussian laser beam by fork-shaped gratings
Janicijevic, L., & Topuzoski, S. (2008) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.25.002659 · Cited by 103
Quantum-mechanical properties of Bessel beams
Jáuregui, R., & Hacyan, S. (2005) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.71.033411 · Cited by 103
Bokor, N., Iketaki, Y., Watanabe, T., & Fujii, M. (2005) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/opex.13.010440 · Cited by 102
Exact and geometrical optics energy trajectories in twisted beams
Berry, M., & McDonald, K. T. (2008) · Journal of Optics A Pure and Applied Optics · doi:10.1088/1464-4258/10/3/035005 · Cited by 102
Optical vortices and vortex solitons
Kivshar, Y. S. (2004) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.560688 · Cited by 101
Imaging the dynamics of free-electron Landau states
Schattschneider, P., Schachinger, T., Stöger‐Pollach, M., Löffler, S., Steiger‐Thirsfeld, A., Bliokh, K. Y., & Nori, F. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5586 · Cited by 101
Self-citationMeasuring the orbital angular momentum spectrum of an electron beam
Grillo, V., Tavabi, A. H., Venturi, F., Larocque, H., Balboni, R., Gazzadi, G. C., Frabboni, S., Lu, P., Mafakheri, E., Bouchard, F., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms15536 · Cited by 100
Handedness and azimuthal energy flow of optical vortex beams
Arlt, J. (2003) · Journal of Modern Optics · doi:10.1080/09500340308235231 · Cited by 99
Is gauge-invariant complete decomposition of the nucleon spin possible?
Wakamatsu, M. (2014) · International Journal of Modern Physics A · doi:10.1142/s0217751x14300129 · Cited by 99
Goos-Hänchen and Imbert-Fedorov shifts of polarized vortex beams
Bliokh, K. Y., Shadrivov, I. V., & Kivshar, Y. S. (2009) · Cited by 99
Self-citationHow to Manipulate Nanoparticles with an Electron Beam?
Verbeeck, J., Tian, H., & TENDELOO, G. V. (2012) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201204206 · Cited by 97
Self-citationHolographic Generation of Highly Twisted Electron Beams
Grillo, V., Gazzadi, G. C., Mafakheri, E., Frabboni, S., Karimi, E., & Boyd, R. W. (2015) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.034801 · Cited by 96
Nye, J. F., & BERRY, M. V. (2017) · WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks · doi:10.1142/9789813221215_0001 · Cited by 96
Off-axis excitation of hydrogenlike atoms by twisted photons
Afanasev, A. V., Carlson, C. E., & Mukherjee, A. (2013) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.88.033841 · Cited by 93
Measuring the Orbital Angular Momentum of Electron Vortex Beams Using a Forked Grating
Saitoh, K., Hasegawa, Y., Hirakawa, K., Tanaka, N., & Uchida, M. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.074801 · Cited by 91
Direct observation of Gouy phase shift in a propagating optical vortex
Hamazaki, J., Mineta, Y., Oka, K., & Morita, R. (2006) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.14.008382 · Cited by 90
Mafakheri, E., Tavabi, A. H., Lu, P., Balboni, R., Venturi, F., Menozzi, C., Gazzadi, G. C., Frabboni, S., Sit, A., Dunin‐Borkowski, R. E., et al. (2017) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4977879 · Cited by 90
Circular dichroism of cholesteric polymers and the orbital angular momentum of light
Löffler, W., Broer, D. J., & Woerdman, J. P. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.83.065801 · Cited by 87
Stern-Gerlach Effect for Electron Beams
Batelaan, H., Gay, T. J., & Schwendiman, J. J. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.79.4517 · Cited by 84
A new way of producing electron vortex probes for STEM
Verbeeck, J., Tian, H., & Béché, A. (2011) · Ultramicroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.10.008 · Cited by 84
Self-citationRelativistic Electron Wave Packets Carrying Angular Momentum
Białynicki‐Birula, I., & Białynicka-Birula, Z. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.114801 · Cited by 84
Topological spin transport of a relativistic electron
Bliokh, K. Y. (2005) · Europhysics Letters (EPL) · doi:10.1209/epl/i2005-10205-1 · Cited by 82
Self-citationBliokh, K. Y., & Nori, F. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.120403 · Cited by 81
Self-citationExploiting Lens Aberrations to Create Electron-Vortex Beams
Clark, L., Béché, A., Guzzinati, G., Lubk, A., Mazilu, M., Boxem, R. V., & Verbeeck, J. (2013) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.111.064801 · Cited by 81
Self-citationAberration-Corrected Imaging in Transmission Electron Microscopy
Erni, R. (2010) · IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS eBooks · doi:10.1142/p703 · Cited by 77
Using electron vortex beams to determine chirality of crystals in transmission electron microscopy
Juchtmans, R., Béché, A., Abakumov, A. M., Batuk, M., & Verbeeck, J. (2015) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.094112 · Cited by 76
Self-citationScattering of twisted particles: Extension to wave packets and orbital helicity
Ivanov, I. P., & Serbo, V. G. (2011) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.84.033804 · Cited by 75
Self-citationProgress and new advances in simulating electron microscopy datasets using MULTEM
Lobato, I., Aert, S. V., & Verbeeck, J. (2016) · Ultramicroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.06.003 · Cited by 70
Self-citationRelativistic Electron Vortices
Barnett, S. M. (2017) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.118.114802 · Cited by 70
Real-Time Evolution of the Valence Electronic Structure in a Dissociating Molecule
Wernet, P., Odelius, M., Godehusen, K., et al. (2009) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.103.013001 · Cited by 67
Rusz, J., Idrobo, J. C., & Bhowmick, S. (2014) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.113.145501 · Cited by 65
The magic angle: a solved mystery
Jouffrey, B., Schattschneider, P., & Hébert, C. (2004) · Ultramicroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.08.006 · Cited by 63
Self-citation
Cited by
Electron vortices: Beams with orbital angular momentum
Lloyd, S. M., Babiker, M., Thirunavukkarasu, G., & Yuan, J. (2017) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.89.035004 · Cited by 284
Universal momentum-to-real-space mapping of topological singularities
Liu, X., Xia, S., Jajtić, E., Song, D., Li, D., Tang, L., Leykam, D., Xu, J., Buljan, H., & Chen, Z. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15374-x · Cited by 45
Position and spin in relativistic quantum mechanics
Zou, L., Zhang, P., & Silenko, A. J. (2020) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.101.032117 · Cited by 45
Metadata
- Authors
- Bliokh, K. Y., Ivanov, I. P., Guzzinati, G., Clark, L., Van Boxem, R., Béché, A., Juchtmans, R., Alonso, M. A., Schattschneider, P., Nori, F., & Verbeeck, J.
- Venue
- Physics Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 690
- Pages
- 1-70
- ISSN
- 0370-1573 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2614839842
- Cited by
- 366
- References
- 251
- FWCI
- 15.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.