Reduced subcortical volumes among preschool-age girls and boys with ADHD
Open accessAbstract
Anomalous brain structure and function are implicated in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Most neuroimaging research, however, has examined school-aged children, despite the typical onset of symptoms in early childhood. This study compared the volumes of subcortical structures (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus) among preschoolers with ADHD and typically developing (TD) children. High resolution T1-weighted 3D MPRAGE images covering the whole brain were acquired on a 3T scanner and subcortical volumes were automatically extracted. Analyses were conducted in a total of 87 medication-naïve preschoolers, ages 4-5 years (47 with ADHD, 40 controls; 63% boys). ADHD was diagnosed using modified DSM-IV criteria based on review of developmental history, structured psychiatric interview and caregiver ratings. Compared to typically developing children, subcortical volumes were reduced among preschoolers with ADHD, with largest reductions in the caudate, globus pallidus, and thalamus. Among girls (but not boys) with ADHD, putamen and thalamus volumes were associated with ADHD symptom severity. The observed patterns of subcortical differences in preschoolers with ADHD (larger reductions in girls), contrasted with differences observed among school-aged children, (larger reductions in boys) suggests that children with ADHD show sexual dimorphism in neuroanatomical development that parallels early trajectory of symptom onset and attenuation.
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Volume reductions in the putamen and thalamus are associated with ADHD symptoms in female but not male children diagnosed with ADHD.
“In contrast, volume reductions in the putamen and thalamus were associated with ADHD symptoms in female but not in male children diagnosed with ADHD204.”
From Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions (2023) · cites this paper as [204]
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Sex and gender in neurodevelopmental conditions
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- Authors
- Rosch, K. S., Crocetti, D., Hirabayashi, K., Denckla, M. B., Mostofsky, S. H., & Mahone, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosch, Keri S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 271
- Pages
- 67-74
- ISSN
- 0925-4927 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5741472
- OpenAlex
- W2765777160
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (R01 HD068425, U54 HD079123, UL1 RR025005, R01 MH078160, R01 MH085328, K23 MH101322, UL1 TR 000424)
- Johns Hopkins Brain Sciences Institute (UL1 RR025005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, preschool children, subcortical volume, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, sex differences, symptom severity, brain structure
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Caudate Nucleus, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Female, Globus Pallidus, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Organ Size, Putamen, Sex Characteristics, Thalamus, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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