A Preliminary Neuroimaging Study of Preschool Children with ADHD
Open accessAbstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder that, by current definition, has onset prior to age 7 years. MRI studies have provided some insight into brain differences associated with ADHD, but thus far have almost exclusively focused on children ages 7 years and older. To better understand the neurobiological development of ADHD, cortical and subcortical brain development should be systematically examined in younger children presenting with symptoms of the disorder. High-resolution anatomical (MPRAGE) images, acquired on a 3.0T scanner, were analyzed in a total of 26 preschoolers, ages 4-5 years (13 with ADHD, 13 controls, matched on age and sex). The ADHD sample was diagnosed using DSM-IV criteria, and screened for language disorders. Cortical regions were delineated and measured using automated methods in Freesurfer; basal ganglia structures were manually delineated. Children with ADHD showed significantly reduced caudate volumes bilaterally; in contrast there were no significant group differences in cortical volume or thickness in this age range. After controlling for age and total cerebral volume, left caudate volume was a significant predictor of hyperactive/impulsive, but not inattentive symptom severity. Anomalous basal ganglia, particularly caudate, development appears to play an important role among children presenting with early onset symptoms of ADHD.
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The abnormal size of the caudate seems to depend on age and has been reported to be most prominent in prepubescents with ADHD.
“More specifically, the abnormal size of the caudate seems to depend on age and has been reported to be most prominent in prepubescents with ADHD (Carrey et al. 2012; Castellanos et al. 2002; Mahone et al. 2011).”
From The neurobiological link between OCD and ADHD (2014) · cites this paper as Mahone et al. 2011
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- Authors
- Mahone, E. M., Crocetti, D., Ranta, M. E., Gaddis, A., Cataldo, M., Slifer, K. J., Denckla, M. B., & Mostofsky, S. H.
- Affiliations
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- Venue
- The Clinical Neuropsychologist
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-06-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1009-1028
- ISSN
- 0920-1637 (ISSN-L)
- 1385-4046
- 1744-4144
- PMC
- PMC3405902
- OpenAlex
- W2151174291
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Clinical Neuropsychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH085328, R01MH078160)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB015909)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025005)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P30HD024061, R01HD068425)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, preschool children, caudate volume, basal ganglia, brain development, hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, cortical thickness, cortical volume
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Child, Child, Preschool, Cognition Disorders, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Language Development Disorders, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Residence Characteristics, Statistics as Topic
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