Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong

Tso, Ivy F.; Park, Sohee

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113423

Cited by 138COVID-19 and Mental HealthMaternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMental Health Treatment and Access

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Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong

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Tso, Ivy F., Park, Sohee·2020·Psychiatry Research

DOI 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113423PMC PMC7443338

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Abstract

Public health strategies to curb the spread of the coronavirus involve sheltering at home and social distancing are effective in reducing the transmission rate, but the unintended consequences of prolonged social isolation on mental health have not been investigated. We focused on Hong Kong for its very rapid and comprehensive response to the pandemic and strictly enacted social distancing protocols. Thus, Hong Kong is a model case for the population-wide practice of effective social distancing and provides an opportunity to examine the impact of loneliness on mental health during the COVID-19. We conducted an anonymous online survey of 432 residents in Hong Kong to examine psychological distress in the community. The results indicate a dire situation with respect to mental health. An astonishing 65.6% (95% C.I. = [60.6%, 70.4%]) of the respondents reported clinical levels of depression, anxiety, and/or stress. Moreover, 22.5% (95% C.I. = [18.2%, 27.2%]) of the respondents were showing signs of psychosis risk. Subjective feelings of loneliness, but not social network size, were associated with increased psychiatric symptoms. To mitigate the potential epidemic of mental illness in the near future, there is an urgent need to prepare clinicians, caregivers and stakeholders to focus on loneliness.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and social unrest have adversely impacted the mental health of Hong Kong people.
“In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic and social unrest have adversely impacted the mental health of Hong Kong people [13].”
From Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for Chinese adults with PTSD symptoms: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
The Discussion (page not supplied) says the pandemic further deteriorated mental health in Hong Kong. It places this finding against a pre-existing mental health crisis during civil unrest, but describes the unrest’s negative effect as possible rather than established. The citing sentence states both impacts as fact. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Alarming Mental Health Status Among Hong Kong Residents During the COVID-19 Epidemic: Role of LonelinessPreprint
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Reply to article: Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study from Hong Kong
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Are patients with mental disorders more vulnerable to loneliness and social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic? – Findings from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey
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Dynamic effects of psychiatric vulnerability, loneliness, and social distancing on distress during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Insights from a large-scale longitudinal studyPreprint
Atlas, L. Y., Farmer, C., Shaw, J. S., Gibbons, A. B., Guinee, E. P., Lossio-Ventura, J. A., Ballard, E. D., Monique Ernst, D., JAPEE, S. A., Pereira, F., et al. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/x34pn

Authors: Tso, I. F., & Park, S.
Affiliations: University of Michigan (US)
Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author: Tso, Ivy F.
ORCID: Tso, Ivy F.
Park, Sohee
Venue: Psychiatry Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-11
Volume: 293
Pages: 113423
ISSN: 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113423
PMC: PMC7443338
OpenAlex: W3080709507
Cited by: 138
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 8
FWCI: 11.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, loneliness, social isolation, social distancing, mental health, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress, psychosis risk, psychiatric symptoms, Hong Kong
MeSH terms: Physical Distancing, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adult, Anxiety, Mental Disorders, Female, Hong Kong, Humans, Loneliness, Male, Mental Health, Surveys and Questionnaires, Social Isolation

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Alarming levels of psychiatric symptoms and the role of loneliness during the COVID-19 epidemic: A case study of Hong Kong

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