Intranasal oxytocin administration is reflected in human saliva
Abstract
Following the discovery that intranasal administration of neuropeptides can reach the central nervous system, a growing number of studies applied intranasal oxytocin (OT) paradigms to demonstrate the positive effects of OT on social and emotional processes. The three-step paradigm typically included: OT administration, a 45-min waiting period, and approximately 1-h period of active drug effects when experimental manipulations are applied. Yet, this schedule has not been put to systematic validation. Utilizing a double-blind placebo-control within-subject design, ten individuals were administered OT or placebo and salivary OT was measured ten times, at baseline and nine times over four consecutive hours. OT administration induced substantial increases in salivary OT across the entire period. OT rose dramatically 15 min after administration (from 6.9 pg/ml at baseline to 1265.4 pg/ml), reached plateau at 45-120 min (range=131.6 and 105.3 pg/ml), and did not return to baseline by 4h. Results contribute to discussion on brain-periphery coordination of OT and highlight the need for further research on the temporal dynamics and durations of OT administration effects.
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Intranasal oxytocin raises the concentration of endogenous oxytocin in blood plasma and saliva.
“Although there is good evidence that intranasal OXT increases the concentration of endogenous OXT found in blood plasma and saliva (Daughters et al., 2015;Gossen et al., 2012;Weisman et al., 2012)”
From Oxytocin increases attention to the eyes and selectively enhances self-reported affective empathy for fear (2017) · cites this paper as Weisman et al., 2012
The effect of intranasal oxytocin on peripheral salivary oxytocin concentrations lasts beyond 90 minutes.
“The results are also consistent with previous findings [13, 17] in showing that the effect of IN-OT on peripheral (salivary in the present study) OT concentrations lasts beyond 90 minutes.”
From Salivary oxytocin concentrations in males following intranasal administration of oxytocin: a double-blind, cross-over study (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
Salivary oxytocin concentrations were significantly higher 240 minutes after intranasal oxytocin administration compared to placebo.
“OT concentrations were significantly higher 240 minutes after administration, compared to the placebo condition.”
From Salivary oxytocin concentrations in males following intranasal administration of oxytocin: a double-blind, cross-over study (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
The precise salivary oxytocin values reported at 15 minutes post-administration should be treated with caution.
“Although Weisman et al. [13] reported a significant increase in salivary OT at 15 minutes post-administration, the precise values should be treated with caution.”
From Salivary oxytocin concentrations in males following intranasal administration of oxytocin: a double-blind, cross-over study (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
There was a significant decrease in salivary oxytocin between 30 and 45 minutes post-administration, followed by a plateau from 45 to 120 minutes after administration.
“There was a significant decrease in salivary OT between 30 minutes and 45 minutes post-administration, followed by a plateau phase lasting from 45 minutes to 120 minutes after administration.”
From Salivary oxytocin concentrations in males following intranasal administration of oxytocin: a double-blind, cross-over study (2015) · cites this paper as [13]
Intranasal OT administration markedly increases salivary OT levels over several hours.
“two recent studies from different labs showed that intranasal OT administration markedly increased salivary OT levels over several hours (48,49).”
From Oxytocin administration to parent enhances infant physiological and behavioral readiness for social engagement (2012) · cites this paper as [48]
Intranasal oxytocin administration is thought to result in endogenous release of the hormone in a feed-forward fashion.
“In humans, intranasal oxytocin administration is thought to result in endogenous release of the hormone in a feed-forward fashion [38].”
From Efficacy of oxytocin administration early after psychotrauma in preventing the development of PTSD: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Overall, the findings may be consistent with perspectives contending that OT in brain and periphery are coordinated (Ross and Young, 2009), by showing that inhaling OT resulted in marked increases in peripheral levels.”
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- Authors
- Weisman, O., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Feldman, R.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Feldman, Ruth
- Venue
- Psychoneuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-09
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1582-1586
- ISSN
- 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984872168
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 24.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Israel Science Foundation (1318/08)
- US-Israel Bi-National Science Foundation (2005-273)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- intranasal oxytocin, salivary oxytocin
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Brain, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Saliva
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