Sustainability of biomass-based insulation materials in buildings: Current status in France, end-of-life projections and energy recovery potentials
Open accessAbstract
Concerns over climate change have driven the decarbonization of the building sector, the largest energy consumer in France. This consumption is primarily dedicated to heating and cooling. Thermal insulation in construction plays an important role in the minimization of operational energy consumption. Currently, insulation is performed via mineral and fossil-derived materials, which require high manufacturing energy. For this reason, attention has been paid to finding clean and energy-efficient alternatives. Subsequently, biomass-based insulation materials have been identified as low-embodied energy materials that reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. These green and sustainable insulation materials fall in line with the transition in France towards low-carbon and positive-energy buildings. In this respect, research works have mostly focused on renewable biomass resources and wastes, the design and production of insulation materials, the testing of their properties and their installation in buildings; however, few articles have reviewed their durability and end-of-life management. To fit more in the circular bioeconomy concept, light has been shed in this review on the end-of-life of these biomaterials to avoid their landfilling. Therefore, this review provides a state-of-the-art of the different bio-based building products commercialized in France, with a forecast of their volumes and waste deposits by 2050. Furthermore, this study explores waste management strategies, focusing on waste-to-energy routes, which are revealed to be the most promising. The energy recovery from bio-based insulation wastes expected in 2050 saves 4.1 million m3 of land, 75,000 tons of fossil fuels and 89 million euros while avoiding the rejection of 312,771 tCO2eq.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Most of the works of literature are based on end-of-life waste management practices.
“Most of the works of literature are based on end-of-life waste management practices [33][34][35][36][37]; hence, there is a gap to explore for a theoretical framework that abridges six life cycle stages and CE for wood waste management.”
From Circular Economy of Construction and Demolition Wood Waste—A Theoretical Framework Approach (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
The Introduction says most research on bio-based building materials focuses on production and performance testing, while few works address durability and final disposal. That is contrary to the attributed claim that most literature focuses on end-of-life waste management practices. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Energy use in the life cycle of conventional and low-energy buildings: A review article
Sartori, I., & Hestnes, A. G. (2007) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.07.001 · Cited by 1,284 · see citing works
Akhtar, A., & Sarmah, A. K. (2018) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.085 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
Sun, Q., Li, H., Yan, J., Liu, L., Yu, Z., & Yu, X. (2015) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.06.029 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Esa, M. R., Halog, A., & Rigamonti, L. (2017) · Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management · doi:10.1007/s10163-016-0516-x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
LCA-based optimization of wood utilization under special consideration of a cascading use of wood
Höglmeier, K., Steubing, B., Weber-Blaschke, G., & Richter, K. (2015) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.018 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Bayat, H., Dehghanizadeh, M., Jarvis, J. M., Brewer, C. E., & Jena, U. (2021) · Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems · doi:10.3389/fsufs.2021.658592 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Höglmeier, K., Weber-Blaschke, G., & Richter, K. (2017) · Resources, Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.10.030 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 172
- Byadgi SA, Kalburgi PB. Production of bioethanol from waste newspaper. Procedia Environ Sci 2016;35:555-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. proenv.2016.07.040. · DOI
- IPCC. Global Warming of 1.5 • C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 • C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Press; 2018.
- Liu L, Li H, Lazzaretto A, Manente G, Tong C, Liu Q, et al. The development history and prospects of biomass-based insulation materials for buildings. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2017;69:912-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. rser.2016.11.140. · DOI
- Arora NK. Environmental Sustainability-necessary for survival. Environ Sustain 2018;1:1-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-018-0013-3. · DOI
- Ghisellini P, Ji X, Liu G, Ulgiati S. Evaluating the transition towards cleaner production in the construction and demolition sector of China: a review. J Clean Prod 2018;195:418-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.084. · DOI
- Geng S, Wang Y, Zuo J, Zhou Z, Du H, Mao G. Building life cycle assessment research: a review by bibliometric analysis. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2017;76: 176-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.068. · DOI
- Cetiner I, Shea AD. Wood waste as an alternative thermal insulation for buildings. Energy Build 2018;168:374-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.03.019. · DOI
- Kumar D, Alam M, Zou PXW, Sanjayan JG, Memon RA. Comparative analysis of building insulation material properties and performance. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2020;131:110038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110038. · DOI
- Barbuta M, Bucur RD, Cimpeanu SM, Paraschiv G, Bucur D. Wastes in building materials industry. Agroecology 2015. https://doi.org/10.5772/59933. · DOI
- Lieder M, Rashid A. Towards circular economy implementation: a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry. J Clean Prod 2016;115:36-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.042. · DOI · Paper page
- Bocken NMP, Pauw I de, Bakker C, Grinten BVD. Product design and business model strategies for a circular economy. J Ind Prod Eng 2016;33:308-20. https:// doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2016.1172124. · DOI · Paper page
- -nonwood bio-based materials. In: Jones D, Brischke C, editors. Perform. Bio- based build. Mater. Woodhead Publishing; 2017. p. 97-186. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00003-3. · DOI
- Liikanen M, Grönman K, Deviatkin I, Havukainen J, Hyvärinen M, Kärki T, et al. Construction and demolition waste as a raw material for wood polymer composites -assessment of environmental impacts. J Clean Prod 2019;225: 716-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.348. · DOI
- Sormunen P, Kärki T. Recycled construction and demolition waste as a possible source of materials for composite manufacturing. J Build Eng 2019;24:100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100742. · DOI
- -performance of the bio-based materials. In: Jones D, Brischke C, editors. Perform. Bio-based build. Mater. Woodhead Publishing; 2017. p. 249-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00005-7. · DOI
- Casas-Ledón Y, Daza Salgado K, Cea J, Arteaga-Pérez LE, Fuentealba C. Life cycle assessment of innovative insulation panels based on eucalyptus bark fibers. J Clean Prod 2020;249:119356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119356. · DOI
- Marceau S, Glé P, Gueguen M, Gourlay E, Moscardelli S, Nour I, et al. Assessment of the durability of bio-based insulating materials. Acad J Civ Eng 2015;33: 198-202. https://doi.org/10.26168/icbbm2015.30. · DOI
- Jensen MS, Alfieri PV. Design and manufacture of insulation panels based on recycled lignocellulosic waste. Clean Eng. Technol. 2021;3:100111. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100111. · DOI
- Crini G, Lichtfouse E, Chanet G, Morin-Crini N. Applications of hemp in textiles, paper industry, insulation and building materials, horticulture, animal nutrition, food and beverages, nutraceuticals, cosmetics and hygiene, medicine, agrochemistry, energy production and environment: a review. Environ Chem Lett 2020;18:1451-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01029-2. · DOI · Paper page
- Balador Z, Gjerde M, Isaacs N, Imani M. Thermal and acoustic building insulations from agricultural wastes. Handb. Ecomater. 2018. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-319-68255-6_190. · DOI
- Kallavus U, Järv H, Kalamees T, Kurik L. Assessment of durability of environmentally friendly wood-based panels. Energy Procedia 2017;132:207-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.756. · DOI
- Kutnik M, Suttie E, Brischke C. Durability, efficacy and performance of bio-based construction materials: standardisation background and systems of evaluation and authorisation for the European market. Perform. Bio-Based Build. Mater. 2017:593-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00010-0. Elsevier. · DOI
- Sassoni E, Manzi S, Motori A, Montecchi M, Canti M. Experimental study on the physical-mechanical durability of innovative hemp-based composites for the building industry. Energy Build 2015;104:316-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enbuild.2015.07.022. · DOI
- Latif E, Tucker S, Ciupala MA, Wijeyesekera DC, Newport D. Hygric properties of hemp bio-insulations with differing compositions. Construct Build Mater 2014; 66:702-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.021. · DOI
- Hajj NE, Mboumba-Mamboundou B, Dheilly R-M, Aboura Z, Benzeggagh M, Queneudec M. Development of thermal insulating and sound absorbing agro- sourced materials from auto linked flax-tows. Ind Crop Prod 2011;34:921-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.02.012. · DOI
- Lazko J, Dupré B, Dheilly RM, Quéneudec M. Biocomposites based on flax short fibres and linseed oil. Ind Crop Prod 2011;33:317-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. indcrop.2010.11.015. · DOI
- Binici H, Aksogan O, Demirhan C. Mechanical, thermal and acoustical characterizations of an insulation composite made of bio-based materials. Sustain Cities Soc 2016;20:17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2015.09.004. · DOI
- Lawrence M, Heath A, Walker P. Determining moisture levels in straw bale construction. Construct Build Mater 2009;23:2763-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2009.03.011. · DOI
- da Rosa LC, Santor CG, Lovato A, da Rosa CS, Güths S. Use of rice husk and sunflower stalk as a substitute for glass wool in thermal insulation of solar collector. J Clean Prod 2015;104:90-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jclepro.2015.04.127. · DOI
- Cherki A, Remy B, Khabbazi A, Jannot Y, Baillis D. Experimental thermal properties characterization of insulating cork-gypsum composite. Construct Build Mater 2014;54:202-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.076. · DOI
- La Rosa AD, Recca A, Gagliano A, Summerscales J, Latteri A, Cozzo G, et al. Environmental impacts and thermal insulation performance of innovative composite solutions for building applications. Construct Build Mater 2014;55: 406-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.01.054. · DOI
- Lopez Hurtado P, Rouilly A, Vandenbossche V, Raynaud C. A review on the properties of cellulose fibre insulation. Build Environ 2016;96:170-7. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.09.031. · DOI
- Zhou X, Zheng F, Li H, Lu C. An environment-friendly thermal insulation material from cotton stalk fibers. Energy Build 2010;42:1070-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.enbuild.2010.01.020. · DOI
- Serna-Saldivar SO. Cereal grains: properties, processing, and nutritional attributes. CRC Press; 2016.
- Palumbo M, Formosa J, Lacasta AM. Thermal degradation and fire behaviour of thermal insulation materials based on food crop by-products. Construct Build Mater 2015;79:34-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.01.028. · DOI
- Kocaman I, Sisman CB, Gezer E. Investigation the using possibilities of some mineral-bound organic composites as thermal insulation material in rural buildings. Sci Res Essays 2011;6:1673-80. https://doi.org/10.5897/SRE11.283. · DOI
- Gupta P, Maji PK. Characterization of wood, cork and their composites for building insulation. Ref. Module mater. Sci. Mater. Eng. Elsevier; 2019. https:// doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.10591-0. · DOI
- Sierra-Pérez J, García-Pérez S, Blanc S, Boschmonart-Rives J, Gabarrell X. The use of forest-based materials for the efficient energy of cities: environmental and economic implications of cork as insulation material. Sustain Cities Soc 2018;37: 628-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2017.12.008. · DOI
- -wood as bio-based building material. In: Jones D, Brischke C, editors. Perform. Bio-based build. Mater. Woodhead Publishing; 2017. p. 21-96. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00002-1. · DOI
- Cook E. European Commission, Statistical Office of the European Union. Agriculture, forestry and fishery statistics: 2019 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union; 2019.
- Pawelzik P, Carus M, Hotchkiss J, Narayan R, Selke S, Wellisch M, et al. Critical aspects in the life cycle assessment (LCA) of bio-based materials -reviewing methodologies and deriving recommendations. Resour Conserv Recycl 2013;73: 211-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.02.006. · DOI
- Smol M, Kulczycka J, Henclik A, Gorazda K, Wzorek Z. The possible use of sewage sludge ash (SSA) in the construction industry as a way towards a circular economy. J Clean Prod 2015;95:45-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jclepro.2015.02.051. · DOI
- Pittau F, Krause F, Lumia G, Habert G. Fast-growing bio-based materials as an opportunity for storing carbon in exterior walls. Build Environ 2018;129:117-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.12.006. · DOI
- Tran Le AD, Maalouf C, Mai T, Wurtz E, Collet F. Transient hygrothermal behaviour of a hemp concrete building envelope. Energy Build 2010;42: 1797-806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.05.016. · DOI
- Casini M. Insulation materials for the building sector: a review and comparative analysis. In: Hashmi S, Choudhury IA, editors. Encycl. Renew. Sustain. Mater. Oxford: Elsevier; 2020. p. 121-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581- 8.10682-4. · DOI
- Yalcin I, Sadikoglu TG, Berkalp OB, Bakkal M. Utilization of various non-woven waste forms as reinforcement in polymeric composites. Textil Res J 2013;83: 1551-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517512474366. · DOI
- Khoshnava SM, Rostami R, Mohamad Zin R, Štreimikien ė D, Mardani A, Ismail M. The role of green building materials in reducing environmental and human health impacts. Int J Environ Res Publ Health 2020;17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph17072589. · DOI
- Wi S, Kang Y, Yang S, Kim YU, Kim S. Hazard evaluation of indoor environment based on long-term pollutant emission characteristics of building insulation materials: an empirical study. Environ Pollut 2021;285:117223. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117223. · DOI
- Meng Y, Ling T-C, Mo KH. Recycling of wastes for value-added applications in concrete blocks: an overview. Resour Conserv Recycl 2018;138:298-312. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.07.029. · DOI
- Abu-Jdayil B, Mourad A-H, Hittini W, Hassan M, Hameedi S. Traditional, state-of- the-art and renewable thermal building insulation materials: an overview. Construct Build Mater 2019;214:709-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. conbuildmat.2019.04.102. · DOI
- Schwarzkopf M, Burnard M. Wood-plastic composites-performance and environmental impacts. 2016. p. 19-43. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10- 0655-5_2. · DOI
- Mastrucci A, Marvuglia A, Popovici E, Leopold U, Benetto E. Geospatial characterization of building material stocks for the life cycle assessment of end-of- life scenarios at the urban scale. Resour Conserv Recycl 2017;123:54-66. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.07.003. · DOI
- Arrigoni A, Pelosato R, Melià P, Ruggieri G, Sabbadini S, Dotelli G. Life cycle assessment of natural building materials: the role of carbonation, mixture components and transport in the environmental impacts of hempcrete blocks. J Clean Prod 2017;149:1051-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.161. · DOI
- Taifor A. A review of wood plastic composites effect on the environment. J Babylon Univ 2016;25:360-7.
- Sommerhuber PF, Wang T, Krause A. Wood-plastic composites as potential applications of recycled plastics of electronic waste and recycled particleboard. J Clean Prod 2016;121:176-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.036. · DOI
- Limam A, Zerizer A, Quenard D, Sallee H, Chenak A. Experimental thermal characterization of bio-based materials (Aleppo Pine wood, cork and their composites) for building insulation. Energy Build 2016;116:89-95. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.01.007. · DOI
- Sherman LM. Wood-filled plastics they need the right additives for strength, good looks and long life. Plast Technol 2004;50:52-9.
- Torres-Rivas A, Palumbo M, Haddad A, Cabeza LF, Jiménez Esteller L, Boer D. Multi-objective optimisation of bio-based thermal insulation materials in building envelopes considering condensation risk. Appl Energy 2018;224:602-14. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.079. · DOI
- -protection of the bio-based material. In: Jones D, Brischke C, editors. Perform. Bio-based build. Mater. Woodhead Publishing; 2017. p. 187-247. https://doi. org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00004-5. · DOI
- Bomberg M, Solvason KR. How to ensure good thermal performance of cellulose fiber insulation. Part Ii. Exterior walls. J Therm Insul 1980;4:119-33. https://doi. org/10.1177/109719638000400204. · DOI
- Tobon AM, Andres Y, Locoge N. Impacts of test methods on the assessment of insulation materials' resistance against moulds. Build Environ 2020;179:106963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.106963. · DOI
- Godish TJ, Godish DR. Mold infestation of wet spray-applied cellulose insulation. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2006;56:90-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10473289.2006.10464434. · DOI
- Schwarze FWMR, Engels J, Mattheck C. Fungal strategies of wood decay in trees. Springer Science & Business Media; 2013.
- Schmidt O. Wood and tree fungi: biology, damage, protection, and use. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2006. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-32139-X. · DOI
- Gharfalkar M, Court R, Campbell C, Ali Z, Hillier G. Analysis of waste hierarchy in the European waste directive 2008/98/EC. Waste Manag 2015;39:305-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.02.007. · DOI · Paper page
- Schultmann F, Sunke N. Energy-oriented deconstruction and recovery planning. Build Res Inf 2007;35:602-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210701431210. · DOI
- Jiménez Rivero A, Sathre R, García Navarro J. Life cycle energy and material flow implications of gypsum plasterboard recycling in the European Union. Resour Conserv Recycl 2016;108:171-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. resconrec.2016.01.014. · DOI
- Lecompte T, Levasseur A, Maxime D. Lime and hemp concrete LCA: a dynamic approach of GHG emissions and capture. Acad J Civ Eng 2017;35:513-21. https://doi.org/10.26168/icbbm2017.78. · DOI
- Heidari MD, Lawrence M, Blanchet P, Amor B. Regionalised life cycle assessment of bio-based materials in construction; the case of hemp shiv treated with sol-gel coatings. Materials 2019;12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12182987. · DOI
- Ben Ghacham A, Pasquier L-C, Cecchi E, Blais J-F, Mercier G. Valorization of waste concrete through CO2 mineral carbonation: optimizing parameters and improving reactivity using concrete separation. J Clean Prod 2017;166:869-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.015. · DOI
- Coudray C, Amant V, Cantegrit L, Le Bocq A, Thery F, Denot A, et al. Influence of crushing conditions on recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) leaching behaviour. Waste Biomass Valor 2017;8:2867-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017- 9868-2. · DOI
- Gálvez-Martos J-L, Styles D, Schoenberger H, Zeschmar-Lahl B. Construction and demolition waste best management practice in Europe. Resour Conserv Recycl 2018;136:166-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.016. · DOI · Paper page
- Sommerhuber PF, Wenker JL, Rüter S, Krause A. Life cycle assessment of wood- plastic composites: analysing alternative materials and identifying an environmental sound end-of-life option. Resour Conserv Recycl 2017;117: 235-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.10.012. · DOI · Paper page
- Petchwattana N, Covavisaruch S, Sanetuntikul J. Recycling of wood-plastic composites prepared from poly(vinyl chloride) and wood flour. Construct Build Mater 2012;28:557-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.08.024. · DOI
- Schmidt AC, Jensen AA, Clausen AU, Kamstrup O, Postlethwaite D. A comparative life cycle assessment of building insulation products made of stone wool, paper wool and flax. Int J Life Cycle Assess 2004;9:122. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF02978571. · DOI
- Beigbeder J, Soccalingame L, Perrin D, Bénézet J-C, Bergeret A. How to manage biocomposites wastes end of life? A life cycle assessment approach (LCA) focused on polypropylene (PP)/wood flour and polylactic acid (PLA)/flax fibres biocomposites. Waste Manag 2019;83:184-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. wasman.2018.11.012. · DOI
- Le Duigou A, Pillin I, Bourmaud A, Davies P, Baley C. Effect of recycling on mechanical behaviour of biocompostable flax/poly(l-lactide) composites. Compos Part Appl Sci Manuf 2008;39:1471-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. compositesa.2008.05.008. · DOI
- Duboc O, Steiner K, Radosits F, Wenzel WW, Goessler W, Santner J. Functional recycling of biobased, borate-stabilized insulation materials as B fertilizer. Environ Sci Technol 2019;53:14620-9. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs. est.9b04234. · DOI
- Schiavoni S, D׳Alessandro F, Bianchi F, Asdrubali F. Insulation materials for the building sector: a review and comparative analysis. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2016;62:988-1011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.045. · DOI
- Yasin S, Curti M, Rovero G, Hussain M, Sun D. Spouted-bed gasification of flame retardant textiles as a potential non-conventional biomass: a preparatory study. Appl Sci 2020;10:946. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10030946. · DOI
- Hossain MdU, Poon CS. Comparative LCA of wood waste management strategies generated from building construction activities. J Clean Prod 2018;177:387-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.233. · DOI · Paper page
- Azambuja R da R, de Castro VG, Trianoski R, Iwakiri S. Utilization of construction and demolition waste for particleboard production. J Build Eng 2018;20:488-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.07.019. · DOI · Paper page
- López Ruiz LA, Roca Ramón X, Gassó Domingo S. The circular economy in the construction and demolition waste sector -a review and an integrative model approach. J Clean Prod 2020;248:119238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jclepro.2019.119238. · DOI
- Minunno R, O'Grady T, Morrison GM, Gruner RL. Exploring environmental benefits of reuse and recycle practices: a circular economy case study of a modular building. Resour Conserv Recycl 2020;160:104855. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104855. · DOI
- Nussholz JLK, Nygaard Rasmussen F, Milios L. Circular building materials: carbon saving potential and the role of business model innovation and public policy. Resour Conserv Recycl 2019;141:308-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. resconrec.2018.10.036. · DOI · Paper page
- Arora M, Raspall F, Cheah L, Silva A. Buildings and the circular economy: estimating urban mining, recovery and reuse potential of building components. Resour Conserv Recycl 2020;154:104581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. resconrec.2019.104581. · DOI
- Huang B, Wang X, Kua H, Geng Y, Bleischwitz R, Ren J. Construction and demolition waste management in China through the 3R principle. Resour Conserv Recycl 2018;129:36-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.09.029. · DOI · Paper page
- Akanbi LA, Oyedele LO, Akinade OO, Ajayi AO, Davila Delgado M, Bilal M, et al. Salvaging building materials in a circular economy: a BIM-based whole-life performance estimator. Resour Conserv Recycl 2018;129:175-86. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.10.026. · DOI · Paper page
- Vefago LHM, Avellaneda J. Recycling concepts and the index of recyclability for building materials. Resour Conserv Recycl 2013;72:127-35. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.resconrec.2012.12.015. · DOI
- Chau CK, Xu JM, Leung TM, Ng WY. Evaluation of the impacts of end-of-life management strategies for deconstruction of a high-rise concrete framed office building. Appl Energy 2017;185:1595-603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. apenergy.2016.01.019. · DOI
- Bovea MD, Powell JC. Developments in life cycle assessment applied to evaluate the environmental performance of construction and demolition wastes. Waste Manag 2016;50:151-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.036. · DOI
- Bohacz J. Composts and water extracts of lignocellulosic composts in the aspect of fertilization, humus-forming, sanitary, phytosanitary and phytotoxicity value assessment. Waste Biomass Valor 2019;10:2837-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12649-018-0334-6. · DOI
- Sánchez A, Artola A, Font X, Gea T, Barrena R, Gabriel D, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions from organic waste composting. Environ Chem Lett 2015;13:223-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-015-0507-5. · DOI
- Ghisellini P, Ripa M, Ulgiati S. Exploring environmental and economic costs and benefits of a circular economy approach to the construction and demolition sector. A literature review. J Clean Prod 2018;178:618-43. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.207. · DOI · Paper page
- Lockrey S, Nguyen H, Crossin E, Verghese K. Recycling the construction and demolition waste in Vietnam: opportunities and challenges in practice. J Clean Prod 2016;133:757-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.175. · DOI
- Dodoo A, Gustavsson L, Tettey UYA. Effects of end-of-life management options for materials on primary energy and greenhouse gas balances of building systems. Energy Procedia 2019;158:4246-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. egypro.2019.01.802. · DOI
- Maienfisch P, Edmunds AJF. Thiazole and isothiazole ring-containing compounds in crop protection. Adv Heterocycl Chem 2017;121:35-88. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.04.010. · DOI
- Silva V, Silva C, Soares P, Garrido EM, Borges F, Garrido J. Isothiazolinone biocides: chemistry, biological, and toxicity profiles. Molecules 2020;25:991. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25040991. · DOI
- Bollmann UE, Minelgaite G, Schlüsener M, Ternes TA, Vollertsen J, Bester K. Photodegradation of octylisothiazolinone and semi-field emissions from facade coatings. Sci Rep 2017;7:41501. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41501. · DOI
- McKendry P. Energy production from biomass (part 1): overview of biomass. Bioresour Technol 2002;83:37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01) 00118-3. · DOI
- Lausselet C, Cherubini F, del Alamo Serrano G, Becidan M, Strømman AH. Life- cycle assessment of a Waste-to-Energy plant in central Norway: current situation and effects of changes in waste fraction composition. Waste Manag 2016;58: 191-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.014. · DOI
- Dong J, Tang Y, Nzihou A, Chi Y, Weiss-Hortala E, Ni M, et al. Comparison of waste-to-energy technologies of gasification and incineration using life cycle assessment: case studies in Finland, France and China. J Clean Prod 2018;203: 287-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.08.139. [189] Légifrance. Arrêté du 20 septembre 2002 relatif aux installations d'incinération et de co-incinération de déchets non dangereux et aux installations incinérant des déchets d'activités de soins à risques infectieux. 2002. · DOI
- Liu Q, Chmely SC, Abdoulmoumine N. Biomass treatment strategies for thermochemical conversion. Energy Fuels 2017;31:3525-36. https://doi.org/ 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b00258. · DOI
- Patuzzi F, Prando D, Vakalis S, Rizzo AM, Chiaramonti D, Tirler W, et al. Small- scale biomass gasification CHP systems: comparative performance assessment and monitoring experiences in South Tyrol (Italy). Energy 2016;112:285-93. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.077. · DOI
- Dai L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ruan R, He C, Yu Z, et al. Integrated process of lignocellulosic biomass torrefaction and pyrolysis for upgrading bio-oil production: a state-of-the-art review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2019;107:20-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.015. · DOI
- Basu P. Biomass gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction: practical design and theory. third ed. London, United Kingdom ; San Diego, CA, United States: Academic Press is and imprint of Elsevier; 2018.
- Chiaramonti D, Rizzo AM, Prussi M, Tedeschi S, Zimbardi F, Braccio G, et al. 2nd generation lignocellulosic bioethanol: is torrefaction a possible approach to biomass pretreatment? Biomass Convers Biorefinery 2011;1:9-15. https://doi. org/10.1007/s13399-010-0001-z. · DOI
- Ibarra-Gonzalez P, Rong B-G. A review of the current state of biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass using thermochemical conversion routes. Chin J Chem Eng 2019;27:1523-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2018.09.018. · DOI
- Lu Q, Li W-Z, Zhu X-F. Overview of fuel properties of biomass fast pyrolysis oils. Energy Convers Manag 2009;50:1376-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enconman.2009.01.001. · DOI
- Jones SB, Meyer PA, Snowden-Swan LJ, Padmaperuma AB, Tan E, Dutta A, et al. Process design and economics for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to hydrocarbon fuels: fast pyrolysis and hydrotreating bio-oil pathway. Richland, WA (United States): Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL); 2013. https://doi. org/10.2172/1115839. · DOI
- Kumar A, Jones DD, Hanna MA. Thermochemical biomass gasification: a review of the current status of the technology. Energies 2009;2:556-81. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/en20300556. · DOI
- Zennaro R, Ricci M, Bua L, Querci C, Carnelli L, d'Arminio Monforte A. Syngas: the basis of fischer-tropsch. Greener fisch.-tropsch process. Fuels feedstock. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2013. p. 17-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527656837. ch2. · DOI
- Nikoo MB, Mahinpey N. Simulation of biomass gasification in fluidized bed reactor using ASPEN PLUS. Biomass Bioenergy 2008;32:1245-54. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.02.020. · DOI
- Xiu S, Shahbazi A. Bio-oil production and upgrading research: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2012;16:4406-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. rser.2012.04.028. · DOI · Paper page
- Bensaid S, Conti R, Fino D. Direct liquefaction of ligno-cellulosic residues for liquid fuel production. Fuel 2012;94:324-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. fuel.2011.11.053. · DOI
- Chornet E, Overend RP. Biomass liquefaction: an overview. In: Overend RP, Milne TA, Mudge LK, editors. Fundam. Thermochem. Biomass convers. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 1985. p. 967-1002. https://doi.org/10.1007/ 978-94-009-4932-4_54. · DOI
- Singh R, Chaudhary K, Biswas B, Balagurumurthy B, Bhaskar T. Hydrothermal liquefaction of rice straw: effect of reaction environment. J Supercrit Fluids 2015; 104:70-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2015.05.027. · DOI
- Behrendt F, Neubauer Y, Oevermann M, Wilmes B, Zobel N. Direct liquefaction of biomass. Chem Eng Technol 2008;31:667-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/ ceat.200800077. · DOI
- Bozan M, Akyol Ç, Ince O, Aydin S, Ince B. Application of next-generation sequencing methods for microbial monitoring of anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017;101:6849-64. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8438-7. · DOI
- Rasi S, Läntelä J, Rintala J. Trace compounds affecting biogas energy utilisation - a review. Energy Convers Manag 2011;52:3369-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enconman.2011.07.005. · DOI
- Kuhn JN, Elwell AC, Elsayed NH, Joseph B. Requirements, techniques, and costs for contaminant removal from landfill gas. Waste Manag 2017;63:246-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.02.001. · DOI
- Petersson A. 14 -biogas cleaning. In: Wellinger A, Murphy J, Baxter D, editors. Biogas handb. Woodhead Publishing; 2013. p. 329-41. https://doi.org/10.1533/ 9780857097415.3.329. · DOI
- Abatzoglou N, Boivin S. A review of biogas purification processes. Biofuels Bioprod Biorefining 2009;3:42-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.117. · DOI
- Murphy J, Mccarthy K. The optimal production of biogas for use as a transport fuel in Ireland. Renew Energy 2005;30:2111-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. renene.2005.02.004. · DOI
- Goulding D, Power N. Which is the preferable biogas utilisation technology for anaerobic digestion of agricultural crops in Ireland: biogas to CHP or biomethane as a transport fuel? Renew Energy 2013;53:121-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. renene.2012.11.001. · DOI
- Ullah Khan I, Hafiz Dzarfan Othman M, Hashim H, Matsuura T, Ismail AF, Rezaei- DashtArzhandi M, et al. Biogas as a renewable energy fuel -a review of biogas upgrading, utilisation and storage. Energy Convers Manag 2017;150:277-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.08.035. · DOI · Paper page
- Chander Kuhad R, Mehta G, Gupta R, Sharma KK. Fed batch enzymatic saccharification of newspaper cellulosics improves the sugar content in the hydrolysates and eventually the ethanol fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biomass Bioenergy 2010;34:1189-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. biombioe.2010.03.009. · DOI
- Lee U, Han J, Wang M. Evaluation of landfill gas emissions from municipal solid waste landfills for the life-cycle analysis of waste-to-energy pathways. J Clean Prod 2017;166:335-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.016. · DOI · Paper page
- Smith LV, Tarui N, Yamagata T. Assessing the impact of COVID-19 on global fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Energy Econ 2021;97:105170. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.eneco.2021.105170. · DOI
- Florio F, Terrible C, Vincent V. Déchets du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics, vol. 48; 2006.
- Nizami AS, Shahzad K, Rehan M, Ouda OKM, Khan MZ, Ismail IMI, et al. Developing waste biorefinery in Makkah: a way forward to convert urban waste into renewable energy. Appl Energy 2017;186:189-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.apenergy.2016.04.116. · DOI
- Cherubini F. The biorefinery concept: using biomass instead of oil for producing energy and chemicals. Energy Convers Manag 2010;51:1412-21. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enconman.2010.01.015. · DOI · Paper page
- Nizami AS, Rehan M, Waqas M, Naqvi M, Ouda OKM, Shahzad K, et al. Waste biorefineries: enabling circular economies in developing countries. Bioresour Technol 2017;241:1101-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.097. · DOI
- Ouda OKM, Raza SA, Nizami AS, Rehan M, Al-Waked R, Korres NE. Waste to energy potential: a case study of Saudi Arabia. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2016; 61:328-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.005. · DOI
- Tozlu A, Özahi E, Abus ¸oglu A. Waste to energy technologies for municipal solid waste management in Gaziantep. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2016;54:809-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.097. · DOI
- Brunner PH, Rechberger H. Waste to energy -key element for sustainable waste management. Waste Manag 2015;37:3-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. wasman.2014.02.003. · DOI
- Tan ST, Ho WS, Hashim H, Lee CT, Taib MR, Ho CS. Energy, economic and environmental (3E) analysis of waste-to-energy (WTE) strategies for municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Malaysia. Energy Convers Manag 2015;102: 111-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.010. · DOI
- Luo X, Wu T, Shi K, Song M, Rao Y. Biomass gasification: an overview of technological barriers and socio-environmental impact. IntechOpen; 2018. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.74191. · DOI
- Pandey A, Mohan SV, Chang J-S, Hallenbeck PC, Larroche C. Biomass, biofuels, biochemicals. Biohydrogen. Elsevier; 2019.
- Zhao C, Jiang E, Chen A. Volatile production from pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. J Energy Inst 2017;90:902-13. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.joei.2016.08.004. · DOI · Paper page
- Singh YD, Mahanta P, Bora U. Comprehensive characterization of lignocellulosic biomass through proximate, ultimate and compositional analysis for bioenergy production. Renew Energy 2017;103:490-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. renene.2016.11.039. · DOI
- Lohani SP, Havukainen J. Anaerobic digestion: factors affecting anaerobic digestion process. In: Varjani SJ, Gnansounou E, Gurunathan B, Pant D, Zakaria ZA, editors. Waste bioremediation. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2018. p. 343-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7413-4_18. · DOI
- Nishimura H, Tan L, Sun Z-Y, Tang Y-Q, Kida K, Morimura S. Efficient production of ethanol from waste paper and the biochemical methane potential of stillage eluted from ethanol fermentation. Waste Manag 2016;48:644-51. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.051. · DOI
- Ahmed I, Gupta AK. Syngas yield during pyrolysis and steam gasification of paper. Appl Energy 2009;86:1813-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. apenergy.2009.01.025. · DOI
- Ahmed I, Gupta AK. Characteristics of cardboard and paper gasification with CO2. Appl Energy 2009;86:2626-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. apenergy.2009.04.002. · DOI
- Hill K, Colton J, Parry J, Omer L, Clegg F. Waste newspaper gasification. Collect Tech Pap 35th Intersoc Energy Convers Eng Conf Exhib IECEC Cat No00CH37022 2000;2:1410-7. https://doi.org/10.1109/IECEC.2000.870958. · DOI
- Reed AR, Johnson DJ, Williams PT. Chapter 516 -pyrolysis/gasification of hemp to produce activated carbon. In: Sayigh AAM, editor. World renew. Energy congr. VI. Oxford: Pergamon; 2000. p. 2377-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978- 008043865-8/50516-X. · DOI
- AliAkbari R, Ghasemi MH, Neekzad N, Kowsari E, Ramakrishna S, Mehrali M, et al. High value add bio-based low-carbon materials: conversion processes and circular economy. J Clean Prod 2021;293:126101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jclepro.2021.126101. · DOI
- Sy CL, Ubando AT, Aviso KB, Tan RR. Multi-objective target oriented robust optimization for the design of an integrated biorefinery. J Clean Prod 2018;170: 496-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.140. · DOI
- Ji Ram V, Sethi A, Nath M, Pratap R. Chapter 1 -introduction. In: Ji Ram V, Sethi A, Nath M, Pratap R, editors. Chem. Heterocycles. Elsevier; 2019. p. 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-101033-4.00001-2. · DOI
- Lewis RJ, Sax NI. Sax's dangerous properties of industrial materials. Hoboken, N. J.: J. Wiley & Sons; 2004.
- Stronach SM, Rudd T, Lester JN. Anaerobic digestion processes in industrial wastewater treatment. Springer Science & Business Media; 2012.
- Shen KK. Chapter 11 -review of recent advances on the use of boron-based flame retardants. In: Papaspyrides CD, Kiliaris P, editors. Polym. Green flame retard. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2014. p. 367-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444- 53808-6.00011-1. · DOI
- Jelle BP. Traditional, state-of-the-art and future thermal building insulation materials and solutions -properties, requirements and possibilities. Energy Build 2011;43:2549-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.05.015. · DOI
- Di Blasi C, Branca C, Galgano A. Flame retarding of wood by impregnation with boric acid -pyrolysis products and char oxidation rates. Polym Degrad Stabil 2007;92:752-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.02.007. · DOI
- Cheng X, Wang B. Yield, composition, and property of biochar obtained from the two-step pyrolysis of rice husk impregnated with boric acid. Energies 2017;10: 1814. https://doi.org/10.3390/en10111814. · DOI
- Pohanish R. Noyes Publ. Sittig's handbook of toxic and hazardous chemicals and carcinogens. fourth ed., vol. 1. Norwich, New York: Noyes/William Andrew Publishing; 2002. p. 356.
- Lyons JW. The chemistry and uses of fire retardants. Wiley-Interscience; 1970.
- Milosavljevic I, Suuberg EM. Cellulose thermal decomposition kinetics: global mass loss kinetics. Ind Eng Chem Res 1995;34:1081-91. https://doi.org/ 10.1021/ie00043a009. · DOI
- Rojas-Solórzano L, Duran M, Ramírez Y. Biogas home-production assessment using a selective sample of organic vegetable waste. A preliminary study. Interciencia 2012;37:128-32.
- Teixeira AR, Gantt R, Joseph KE, Maduskar S, Paulsen AD, Krumm C, et al. Spontaneous aerosol ejection: origin of inorganic particles in biomass pyrolysis. ChemSusChem 2016;9:1322-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201600112. · DOI
- Leijenhorst EJ, Wolters W, van de Beld L, Prins W. Inorganic element transfer from biomass to fast pyrolysis oil: review and experiments. Fuel Process Technol 2016;149:96-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2016.03.026. · DOI
- Ghiasi E, Montes A, Ferdosian F, Tran H, Xu C, Charles). Bed material agglomeration behavior in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) at high temperatures using KCl and K2SO4 as simulated molten ash. Int J Chem React Eng 2018;16. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2017-0033. · DOI
- Hohmann S, Mager WH, editors. Yeast stress responses. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 2003. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45611-2. · DOI
- Fermoso FG, van Hullebusch ED, Guibaud G, Collins G, Svensson BH, Carliell- Marquet C, et al. Fate of trace metals in anaerobic digestion. In: Guebitz GM, Bauer A, Bochmann G, Gronauer A, Weiss S, editors. Biogas sci. Technol., vol. 151. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2015. p. 171-95. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-319-21993-6_7. · DOI
- Menon V, Rao M. Trends in bioconversion of lignocellulose: biofuels, platform chemicals & biorefinery concept. Prog Energy Combust Sci 2012;38:522-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2012.02.002. · DOI
- Bridgeman T, Darvell LI, Jones JM, Williams P, Fahmi R, Bridgwater T, et al. Influence of particle size on the analytical and chemical properties of two energy crops. Fuel 2007;86:60-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.06.022. · DOI
- Mosier N, Hendrickson R, Ho N, Sedlak M, Ladisch MR. Optimization of pH controlled liquid hot water pretreatment of corn stover. Bioresour Technol 2005; 96:1986-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2005.01.013. · DOI
- Dong Q, Zhang S, Zhang L, Ding K, Xiong Y. Effects of four types of dilute acid washing on moso bamboo pyrolysis using Py-GC/MS. Bioresour Technol 2015; 185:62-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.076. · DOI
- Eom I-Y, Kim J-Y, Kim T-S, Lee S-M, Choi D, Choi I-G, et al. Effect of essential inorganic metals on primary thermal degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol 2012;104:687-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. biortech.2011.10.035. · DOI
- Jenkins BM, Bakker RR, Wei JB. On the properties of washed straw. Biomass Bioenergy 1996;10:177-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(95)00058-5. · DOI
- Turn SQ, Kinoshita CM, Ishimura DM. Removal of inorganic constituents of biomass feedstocks by mechanical dewatering and leaching. Biomass Bioenergy 1997;12:241-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(97)00005-6. · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Circular Economy of Construction and Demolition Wood Waste—A Theoretical Framework Approach
Jahan, I., Zhang, G., Bhuiyan, M., & Navaratnam, S. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su141710478 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rabbat, C., Awad, S., Villot, A., Rollet, D., & Andrès, Y.
- Affiliations
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Awad, Sary
- Venue
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-03
- Volume
- 156
- Pages
- 111962
- ISSN
- 1364-0321 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4200296519
- Cited by
- 183
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 22
- FWCI
- 40.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Bioeconomy and Sustainability Development
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Building energy efficiency and sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Hygrothermal properties of building materials
- Keywords
- end-of-life management, waste-to-energy, energy recovery, circular bioeconomy, low-carbon buildings, positive energy buildings, low-carbon construction, thermal insulation, waste projections, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, France
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review