Assessing environmental impacts of genetically modified plants on non-target organisms: the relevance of in planta studies
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In legal frameworks worldwide, genetically modified plants (GMPs) are subjected to pre-market environmental risk assessment (ERA) with the aim of identifying potential effects on the environment. In the European Union, the EFSA Guidance Document introduces the rationale that GMPs, as well as their newly produced metabolites, represent the potential stressor to be evaluated during ERA. As a consequence, during several phases of ERA for cultivation purposes, it is considered necessary to use whole plants or plant parts in experimental protocols. The importance of in planta studies as a strategy to address impacts of GMPs on non-target organisms is demonstrated, to evaluate both effects due to the intended modification in plant phenotype (e.g. expression of Cry proteins) and effects due to unintended modifications in plant phenotype resulting from the transformation process (e.g. due to somaclonal variations or pleiotropic effects). In planta tests are also necessary for GMPs in which newly expressed metabolites cannot easily be studied in vitro. This paper reviews the scientific literature supporting the choice of in planta studies as a fundamental tool in ERA of GMPs in cultivation dossiers; the evidence indicates they can realistically mimic the ecological relationships occurring in their receiving environments and provide important insights into the biology and sustainable management of GMPs.
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“Thus, the data available do not support the proposal by some scientists (Arpaia et al., 2017) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (EFSA, 2010) that in-planta studies are needed to fully assess the Bt-plant effects on natural enemies (see Devos et al.”
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- Authors
- Arpaia, S., Birch, A. N. E., Kiss, J., van Loon, J. J. A., Messéan, A., Nuti, M., Perry, J. N., Sweet, J. B., & Tebbe, C. C.
- Affiliations
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (IT)
- James Hutton Institute (GB)
- Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem (HU)
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (FR)
- University of Pisa (IT)
- University of Greenwich (GB)
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Arpaia, Salvatore
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-04
- Volume
- 583
- Pages
- 123-132
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2578956548
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- OpenAgrar (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Seventh Framework Programme (289706)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Keywords
- transgenic plants, non-target organisms, environmental risk assessment, EFSA guidance, somaclonal variation, pleiotropy, Cry proteins, novel metabolites
- MeSH terms
- Ecology, Environment, Environmental Monitoring, European Union, Risk Assessment, Plants, Genetically Modified
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