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Impacts of polystyrene microplastic on the gut barrier, microbiota and metabolism of mice
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), which are new environmental pollutants with a diameter of <5 mm, have received wide attention in recent years. However, there are still very limited data regarding the risks of MPs to animals, especially higher mammals. In this study, we exposed male mice to 5 μm pristine and fluorescent polystyrene MP for six weeks. The results showed that the polystyrene MP was observed in the guts of mice and could reduce the intestinal mucus secretion and cause damage the intestinal barrier function. In addition, high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to explore the change of the gut microbiota composition in the cecal content. At the phylum level, the content of Actinobacteria decreased significantly in the polystyrene MP-treated group. The PD whole-tree indexes of the alpha diversity and principal component analysis (PCA) of the beta diversity indicated that the diversity of gut microbiota was altered after polystyrene MP exposure. At the genus level, a total of 15 types of bacteria changed significantly after exposure to polystyrene MP. Furthermore, the predicted KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) metabolic pathway differences indicated that the main metabolic pathways of the functional genes in the microbial community were significantly influenced by the polystyrene MP. In addition, indexes of amino acid metabolism and bile acid metabolism in the serum were analyzed after polystyrene MP exposure. These results indicated that polystyrene MP caused metabolic disorders. In conclusion, the polystyrene MP induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction and metabolic disorders in mice. This study provided more data on the toxicity of MPs in a terrestrial organism to aid in the assessment of the health risks of polystyrene MP to animals.
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“and metabolic disorders (5-μm polystyrene microplastics at concentrations of 1.456×106 particles/L and 1.456×107 particles/L).31”
From Microplastics and Anthropogenic Particles in Recreationally Caught Freshwater Fish from an Urbanized Region of the North American Great Lakes (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Although some in vitro and in vivo studies examining impacts of microplastics on mammals show effects, such as intestinal barrier disfunction and alteration of biomarkers,30,31”
From Microplastics and Anthropogenic Particles in Recreationally Caught Freshwater Fish from an Urbanized Region of the North American Great Lakes (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“However, it is unclear if toxicological effects from either of these mechanisms are occurring in humans, and at what thresholds effects occur.”
From Microplastics and Anthropogenic Particles in Recreationally Caught Freshwater Fish from an Urbanized Region of the North American Great Lakes (2024) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Smaller nanoparticles exhibit a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, enhancing their chemical reactivity, biological interactions, cellular uptake, and tissue penetration (Jin et al., 2019; Shin et al., 2023; Teng et al., 2022).”
From Deciphering the toxic effects of polystyrene nanoparticles on erythropoiesis at single-cell resolution (2025) · cites this paper as Jin et al., 2019
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Mechanistic insight into potential toxic effects of microplastics and nanoplastics on human health
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Microplastic-Induced Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Disruption in Sprague-Dawley Rats
Zhao, N., Zhao, M., & Jin, H. (2022) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121071 · Cited by 49
Microbiota-mediated metabolic perturbations in the gut and brain of mice after microplastic exposure
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Pollutants, microbiota and immune system: frenemies within the gut
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“As described by Jin et al. (94) in mice, the prolonged exposure to polystyrene MP can impair gut barrier through a reduction of mucus production.”
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Adsorption abilities and mechanisms of Lactobacillus on various nanoplastics
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Beyond genetics: can micro and nanoplastics induce epigenetic and gene-expression modifications?
Poma, A. M. G., Morciano, P., & Aloisi, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Epigenetics and Epigenomics · doi:10.3389/freae.2023.1241583 · Cited by 49
Global distribution, drivers, and potential hazards of microplastics in groundwater: A review
Xu, J., Zuo, R., Wu, G., Liu, J., Liu, J., Huang, C., & Wang, Z. (2024) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176194 · Cited by 47
When microplastics/plastics meet metal–organic frameworks: turning threats into opportunities
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Li, M., Hou, Z., Meng, R., Hao, S., & Wang, B. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107644 · Cited by 47
“For instance, 5 μm PS-MPs induced gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice, as evidenced by the decreased content of Actinobacteria at the phylum level or the alteration of 15 types of bacteria at the genus level (Jin et al. 2019).”
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Chen, Y., Gao, B., Xu, D., Sun, K., & Li, Y. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.104401 · Cited by 47
“Meanwhile, aquatic and terrestrial organisms can also be affected by accidental ingestion of smaller microplastics (Jin et al., 2019).”
BackgroundHuang, H., Hou, J., Liao, Y., Wei, F., & Xing, B. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107390 · Cited by 47
“These MPs can accumulate in the gut, leading to dysfunction of the gut barrier, dysbiosis of microbiota, and metabolic disorders.(28,29) Additionally, a portion of MPs can be transferred and accumulated in various other tissues.”
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Mechanisms of microplastics on gastrointestinal injury and liver metabolism disorder (Review)
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“The gut microbiota, which is not only an important component of immune and metabolic health but also affects the central nervous system, has been shown to communicate through several pathways of the ‘brain‑gut axis,’ as identified using animal models (44,63,86).”
Knowledge gaps on micro and nanoplastics and human health: A critical review
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Yin, H., Feng, Y., Yan, T., Zhang, L., Zhao, Q., Zhao, Q., Huang, J., Huang, S., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135125 · Cited by 43
Impact of Plastic Debris on the Gut Microbiota of Caretta caretta From Northwestern Adriatic Sea
Biagi, E., Musella, M., Palladino, G., Angelini, V., Pari, S., Roncari, C., Scicchitano, D., Rampelli, S., Franzellitti, S., & Candela, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2021.637030 · Cited by 34
Zha, H., Lv, J., Lou, Y., Wo, W., Xia, J., Li, S., Zhuge, A., Tang, R., Si, N., Hu, Z., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129903 · Cited by 44
Metadata
- Authors
- Jin, Y., Lu, L., Tu, W., Luo, T., & Fu, Z.
- Affiliations
- Zhejiang University of Technology (CN)
- Jiangxi Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Fu, Zhengwei
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-02
- Volume
- 649
- Pages
- 308-317
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2889479406
- Cited by
- 1,100
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 152 · 2025: 189 · 2024: 193 · 2023: 161 · 2022: 181 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 73 · 2019: 39
- FWCI
- 20.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR16B070002, 21777146)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- polystyrene microplastics, gut dysbiosis, intestinal barrier dysfunction, microbial metabolic pathways, amino acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, cecal microbiota, actinobacteria
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Environmental Pollutants, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Mice, Inbred ICR, Particle Size, Polystyrenes, Gastrointestinal Tract, Mice, Particulate Matter, Dysbiosis
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