Co-benefits and synergies between urban climate change mitigation and adaptation measures: A literature review
Abstract
Accounting for over 70% of global CO2 emissions, cities are major contributors to climate change. Acknowledging this, urban climate change adaptation and mitigation plans are increasingly developed to make progress toward enhancing climate resilience. While there is consensus that focusing on both adaptation and mitigation is necessary for addressing climate change impacts, better understanding of their interactions is needed to efficiently maximize their potentials. This paper, first, provides a bibliographic analysis to map existing knowledge regarding adaptation-mitigation interactions. This is done using methods such as bibliographic coupling, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence analysis. Then, drawing on the literature, this study explores two types of interactions between adaptation and mitigation measures, namely co-benefits and synergies. These interactions are explored through analyzing evidence reported in the literature on different measures related to sectors such as energy, transportation, waste, water, green infrastructure, urban planning, and governance. Results of the bibliographic analysis show that there is a lack of research in the Global South. Results of the detailed content analysis show that many measures can provide co-benefits and synergies. Measures related to green infrastructure, buildings, energy systems, and, transportation are particularly capable of providing co-benefits. In addition, it was found that appropriate levels of density, promotion of public transportation, and urban greenery are measures that are more likely to provide synergistic benefits if combined with other adaptation and/or mitigation measures. This study highlights the need for more empirical research to better understand the magnitude of synergistic benefits between different measures.
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These transportation measures will reduce carbon emissions, mitigating climate change, and result in cost and energy savings, increasing economic and energy resilience and enabling climate change adaptation.
“All of these measures will reduce carbon emissions, ultimately mitigating climate change; simultaneously, they will result in cost and energy savings, thereby increasing economic and energy resilience and thus enabling climate change adaptation.”
From Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review (2022) · cites this paper as Sharifi 2021
Promoting public transportation, increasing vehicle efficiency, electrifying transportation, and encouraging car-sharing services are approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate change in the transportation sector.
“Promoting public transportation, increasing vehicle efficiency, electrifying transportation, and encouraging car-sharing services are all approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate change in the transportation sector (Sharifi 2021).”
From Strategies to achieve a carbon neutral society: a review (2022) · cites this paper as Sharifi 2021
The literature often deals with co-benefits and competing goals.
“The literature also often deals with co-benefits and competing goals (55–57).”
From A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential (2021) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Sharifi, A.
- Affiliations
- Hiroshima University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Sharifi, Ayyoob
- ORCID
- Sharifi, Ayyoob
- Venue
- Science of The Total Environment
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 750
- Pages
- 141642
- ISSN
- 0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3049703454
- Cited by
- 465
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 94 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 2.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Science of The Total Environment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate Change and Sustainable Development
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Heat Island Mitigation
- Keywords
- urban climate change mitigation, urban climate adaptation, co-benefits, synergistic effect, climate resilience, green infrastructure, urban greening, public transport, urban density, energy systems, urban planning, urban governance
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