The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.
Open accessAbstract
Consensus recommendations on sufficient sleep duration across the lifespan using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.
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Claims the paper makes
39 Own result · 9 Own interpretation · 5 Own method · 5 No basis given · 1 No full text of the sources
- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“infants between 12 and 15 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 8 hours of sleep for older adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“school-aged children between 9 and 11 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For teenagers, 8 to 10 hours was considered appropriate”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“preschoolers between 10 and 13 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 9 hours for young adults and adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“toddlers between 11 and 14 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The panel agreed that, for healthy individuals with normal sleep, the appropriate sleep duration for newborns is between 14 and 17 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Panelists performed the firstround vote independently.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A research assistant performed data entry, and a supervisor checked entries to ensure accuracy and completeness.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The RAND appropriateness method is a well-recognized technique for systematically analyzing experts' interpretations of extant research.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] 1. Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aquilar MD, et al. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method user's manual. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation; 2001.
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The recommendations reported here represent guidelines for healthy individuals and those not suffering from a sleep disorder.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep's restorative properties undoubtedly also depend on sleep quality, sleep architecture, and the timing of sleep within the day.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the panel emphasized that some individuals might sleep longer or shorter than the recommended times with no adverse effects.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, individuals with sleep durations far outside the normal range may be engaging in volitional sleep restriction or have serious health problems.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These factors, however, are more difficult to estimate from cohort studies that use self-reported data.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This data disparity is particularly important when interpreting laboratory-based findings.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sufficient sleep duration requirements vary across the lifespan and from person to person.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A systematic literature review was conducted by a nonvoting, independent review team led by John Herman, PhD, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, with assistance from colleagues Chelsea Vaughn, PhD, and David Brown, PhD.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An individual who intentionally restricts sleep over a prolonged period may be compromising his or her health and well-being.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inclusion criteria were (a) normal, nondisordered population; (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (c) human subjects; and (d) English language.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed, which biases data toward higher sleep duration estimates.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A project team member followed up with panelists to resolve missing or discrepant scores.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
“actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sleep is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.
“Sleep, like diet and exercise, is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.
“The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
“intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time will typically produce shorter sleep durations”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, even if one conservatively assumes that the average increase in actual nightly sleep was 67 min relative to what we observed in our student samples using wrist actigraphy, it still means that 62% of students in these samples were still getting less than 8 h of total nightly sleep, the minimum recommendation for young adult nightly sleep (26).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Current sleep recommendations outline the need for healthy adults to achieve seven to nine h of sleep per night [2].”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep medicine guidelines indicate that adolescents should be getting 8 to 10 h of nightly sleep (26), but first-year college students in the present samples slept on average 6 h and 37 min each night (SD = 51 min).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“current recommendations suggest that adolescents require 8-10 h of sleep to function optimally [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Early school start times during the academic year are in direct conflict with the biologically driven circadian shift towards later bedtimes and later wake-up times among adolescents, directly constraining their opportunity for sufficient sleep duration [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Other important developmental changes occur as well, such as an increased need for sleep (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Hirshkowitz et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society state that regularly sleeping fewer than 7 h per night is associated with a higher risk of weight gain and other adverse health outcomes [116].”
From Dietary and Behavioral Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration and quality; particularly for athletes whose physical and mental recovery needs may be greater due to the high physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and competition.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are behavioural risk factors for inflammation, associated with increased risk of illness and disease, which can be modified to promote sleep health.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Similar to nutrition, sleep disturbances (difficulty initiating or maintain sleep) and sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep) are risk factors for inflammation [18,42], which can be treated or managed to promote recovery and/or performance.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration which is dependent on age [28,42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep recommendations particularly the amount of sleep required, change over the lifespan from adolescents (8–10 h), adults (7–9 h), and older adults (7–8 h) [42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Divergent opinion among panelists was defined as more than 20% (ie, 3 of 18 panel members) voting outside any 3-point range (ie, 1-3, 4-6, or 7-9) of the median.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Results
Reported 20 · recomputed 16.666667
Citations
Cites
Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't
Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M. C., Gray, J. A. M., Haynes, R. B., & Richardson, W. S. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71 · Cited by 15,769
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,301–1,400 of 4,366
Li, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, W., Li, X., & Yang, L. (2024) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-024-03241-6 · Cited by 17
“Besides, the immunity function can be reduced due to severe sleep disorders, which are often associated with anxiety, depression, cancer fatigue, and pain [7, 38, 39].”
BackgroundDivergent biological pathways linking short and long sleep durations to mental and physical health
Li, Y., Gong, W., Sahakian, B. J., Huang, S., Zhang, W., Zhao, Y., Ma, L., Naismith, S. L., Yu, J., Jia, T., et al. (2025) · Nature Mental Health · doi:10.1038/s44220-025-00395-6 · Cited by 18
“2a and Supplementary Tables 2 and 3).”
Gerace, A., & Rigney, G. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.12734 · Cited by 17
Steenekamp, T., Zaslona, J. L., Gander, P. H., ROWLANDS, D. S., & Signal, T. L. (2020) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2020.11.023 · Cited by 16
Al-Hazzaa, H. M., Alrasheedi, A. A., Alsulaimani, R. A., & Jabri, L. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123668 · Cited by 21
“We defined insufficient sleep (short sleepers) as sleeping less than nine hours per night, according to the definition of the National Sleep Foundation for school-age children 6 to 13 years old [32].”
MethodHalstead, E. J., Jones, A., Esposito, G., & Dimitriou, D. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020746 · Cited by 16
“’ This is less than the recommended 9 h of sleep or above per night for a school-aged child (“How much sleep do children need,” 2017) [44].”
BackgroundInfluentialLu, L., Dong, M., Jian, S., Gao, J., Ye, L., Chen, H., Zhang, T., Liu, Y., Shen, H., Gai, X., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.025 · Cited by 19
“According to the National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations, it is recommended that healthy young adult (18–25 years old) sleep 7 to 9 h per night to promote optimal health (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundNonlinear associations between sleep patterns and sarcopenia risks in older adults
Huang, W.-C., Lin, C., Togo, F., Lai, T., Hsueh, M., Liao, Y., Park, H., & Kumagai, S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.9698 · Cited by 16
“25 The bedtime and the wake time were respectively assessed by asking “ During the past month, when have you usually gone to bed at night and gotten up in the morning?”
Timing and Composition of Last Meal before Bedtime Affect Sleep Parameters of Night Workers
Nogueira, L. F. R., Pellegrino, P., Cipolla‐Neto, J., Moreno, C. R. D. C., & Marqueze, E. C. (2021) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep3040038 · Cited by 16
“In this regard, the association found in the present study refers to daytime sleep after night work, which proved very short in comparison to the 7–9 h recommended for the adult population [27].”
Nishioka, T., Hasunuma, H., Okuda, M., Taniguchi, N., Fujino, T., Shimomura, H., Tanaka, Y., Shima, M., Takeshima, Y., & Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19073914 · Cited by 16
Bedtime procrastination during the second COVID-19 lockdown in Portugal
Oliveira, A., Pereira, B., Rosário, P. J. S. L. F., & Magalhães, P. (2022) · Sleep Science · doi:10.5935/1984-0063.20220031 · Cited by 16
“In fact, 88.60% of the participants reported to have slept the recommended, or what may be deemed appropriate, number of hours of sleep according to the National Sleep Foundation’s recommendations 22 .”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSleep Deficiency in Young Children
Ordway, M. R., Logan, S., & Sutton, E. H. (2022) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2022.02.007 · Cited by 16
Sleep Deficiency in the Elderly
Pappas, J. A., & Miner, B. (2022) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2022.02.005 · Cited by 17
Validity and reliability of the Danish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Ørskov, P. T., & Norup, A. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948221100099 · Cited by 18
“It might be that the correlation between PSQI and PSS-10 and WHO-5 was stronger in this younger sample, because they have a higher need for sleep [31], and they might be more affected if their sleep quality is low.”
BackgroundWalsh, N. P., KASHI, D. S., Edwards, J. P., Richmond, C., Oliver, S. J., Roberts, R., Izard, R. M., Jackson, S., & Greeves, J. P. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac222 · Cited by 18
“7–9 hours’ sleep each night [10]) is unlikely necessary for all adults: individual sleep needs are likely an important consideration for optimal health [11, 12].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChen, H., Wang, L., Xin, F., Liang, G., & Zhou, Y. (2023) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2023.01.002 · Cited by 20
Insomnia in Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence
Kahn, M. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.01.001 · Cited by 17
Impact of Sleep Duration and Chronotype on Cardiac Structure and Function: The UK Biobank Study
Khanji, M. Y., Karim, S., Cooper, J. A., Chahal, C. A. A., Aung, N., Somers, V. K., Neubauer, S., & Petersen, S. E. (2023) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101688 · Cited by 15
Zhang, X., Zhang, L., Liu, Y., Lin, Y., Yang, X., Gong, L., & Chang, C. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1055209 · Cited by 19
Screen use and sleep duration and quality at 15 years old: Cohort study
Echevarria, P., Del‐Ponte, B., Tovo‐Rodrigues, L., Matijasevich, A., Halal, C. S. E., & Santos, I. S. (2023) · Sleep Medicine X · doi:10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100073 · Cited by 18
“The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adolescents aged between 14 and 17 have 8e10 h of sleep every 24 h [6].”
Mombelli, S., Bacaro, V., Curati, S., Berra, F., Sforza, M., Castronovo, V., Ferini‐Strambi, L., Galbiati, A., & Baglioni, C. (2023) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101806 · Cited by 18
Donnici, C., Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M., Long, X., Manning, K. Y., Giesbrecht, G. F., & Lebel, C. A. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.06.054 · Cited by 17
“20 The recommended amount of sleep for infants at 3 months of age is 14 – 17 hours/day (56).”
BackgroundBedtime Pals: A Deployment Study of Sleep Management Technology for Families with Young Children
Shin, J. Y., Li, T., Peng, W., & Lee, H. R. (2023) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3563657.3596068 · Cited by 17
“However, the majority of US residents have inadequate sleep, unstable sleep patterns, or insomnia [1, 40].”
BackgroundStoner, L. R., Higgins, S., & Paterson, C. A. (2023) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00258.2023 · Cited by 20
Early sleep duration trajectories and children’s cognitive development: a prospective cohort study
Zhou, J., Zhu, L., Teng, Y.-Z., Tong, J., Gao, G.-P., Yan, S.-Q., Tao, F., & Huang, K. (2023) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-023-05195-7 · Cited by 16
“The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) recommends that for healthy individuals with normal sleep, the appropriate sleep duration is 14 to 17 hours for newborns, 12 to 15 hours for infants, 11 to 14 hours for toddlers, and 10 to 13 hours for preschoolers [43].”
Cohen, D. E., Kim, H., Levine, A., Devanand, D. P., Lee, S., & Goldberg, T. E. (2023) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610223000911 · Cited by 17
“Given changes in sleep architecture (e.g. reduced slow-wave sleep) and reductions in sleep need as individuals age (Hirshkowitz et al ., 2015), it is hypothesized that sleep ’ s in fl uence on cognition may vary depending on age (Wilckens et al ., 2014).”
Wang, S.-H., Lin, K., Chen, C., et al. (2024) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2024.02.018 · Cited by 16
Costa, J. A., Vale, S., Cordovil, R., Rodrigues, L., Cardoso, V., Proença, R., Costa, M., Neto, C., Brito, J., Guilherme, J., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1365782 · Cited by 19
Exploring the Evolution of Sleep Patterns From Infancy to Adolescence
Goel, P., & Goel, A. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.64759 · Cited by 25
“Ensuring that children get sufficient sleep can help prevent these health issues and promote overall well-being [19].”
BackgroundInfluentialSuppiah, H. T., Low, C. Y., Choong, G., & Chia, M. (2016) · Biological Rhythm Research · doi:10.1080/09291016.2016.1151102 · Cited by 17
The Association between Sleep and Theory of Mind in School Aged Children with ADHD
Tesfaye, R., & Gruber, R. (2017) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci5030018 · Cited by 19
Matenchuk, B. A., Tamana, S. K., Lou, W. Y. W., Lefebvre, D. L., Sears, M. R., Becker, A. B., Azad, M. B., Moraes, T. J., Turvey, S. E., Subbarao, P., et al. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.015 · Cited by 16
“1 Introduction 108 Globally, over 50% of 3 month old infants obtain less than the recommended 14 hours of sleep 109 per 24 hour period (1,2).”
BackgroundGuo, L., Luo, M., Wang, W., Huang, G., Zhang, W., & Lu, C. (2019) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-019-01294-9 · Cited by 16
Social-biological influences on sleep duration among adult residents of Northeastern China
Ren, Y., Liu, Y., Meng, T., Liu, W., Qiao, Y., Gu, Y., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Yu, Y., & Cheng, Y. (2019) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-019-1111-3 · Cited by 16
Multivariate Heteroscedasticity Models for Functional Brain Connectivity
Seiler, C., & Holmes, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00696 · Cited by 17
Miano, S., Amato, N., Garbazza, C., Abbafati, M., Foderaro, G., Pezzoli, V., Ramelli, G. P., & Manconi, M. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz167 · Cited by 16
Examining the Relationship Between Autism Traits and Sleep Duration as Predictors of Suicidality
Hochard, K. D., Pendrous, R., Mari, T., & Flynn, S. (2020) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04405-7 · Cited by 17
“The National Sleep Foundation (NSF; Hirshkowitz et al. 2015) recommends 7 to 9 h for young adults and adults, and seven to eight hours of sleep for older adults.”
BackgroundInfluentialPANDEMIA DA COVID-19 E IDOSOS COMO POPULAÇÃO DE RISCO: ASPECTOS PARA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE
Bezerra, P. C. D. L., de Lima, L. C. R., & Dantas, S. C. (2020) · Cogitare Enfermagem · doi:10.5380/ce.v25i0.73307 · Cited by 16
Yang, Y., Kaplan, K. A., & Zeitzer, J. M. (2020) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpaa004 · Cited by 15
“exhibit insufficient sleep, with only, according to parent report, 7% of the adolescents in Taiwan and 30% of the adolescents in the United States achieving the National Sleep Foundation-set minimum goal of at least 8 hours in bed [36].”
BackgroundArrona‐Palacios, A., Díaz‐Morales, J. F., & Adán, A. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.02.016 · Cited by 16
Sleep and BMI in South African urban and rural, high and low-income preschool children
Rae, D. E., Tomaz, S. A., Jones, R. A., Hinkley, T., Twine, R., Kahn, K., Norris, S. A., & Draper, C. E. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10591-5 · Cited by 16
Monzon, A. D., Patton, S. R., & Koren, D. (2021) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.25651 · Cited by 17
Physical activity and sleep during the first week of anorexia nervosa inpatient care
Langlet, B. S., Vestermark, F., Stolt, J., Zandian, M., Södersten, P., & Bergh, C. E. K. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260077 · Cited by 16
“� Sleep duration recommendations for age ranges were derived from the National Sleep Foundation [42].”
MethodInfluentialPolice stops and adolescent sleep problems: findings from the UK millennium cohort study
Jackson, D. B., & Testa, A. M. (2022) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13585 · Cited by 16
Udeh, M. C., Elenwa, F., Ogunsola, A. S., Olatunji, E. A., Yunusa, I. U., & Karaye, I. M. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.03.004 · Cited by 16
Davidson, F., Rusak, B., Chambers, C. T., & Corkum, P. V. (2018) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573518770593 · Cited by 19
Noorwali, E. A., Hardie, L. J., & Cade, J. E. (2018) · Sleep Science and Practice · doi:10.1186/s41606-018-0032-0 · Cited by 17
Night-to-night variability in the bedtime routine predicts sleep in toddlers
Prokasky, A., Fritz, M. S., Molfese, V. J., & Bates, J. E. (2019) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.05.004 · Cited by 22
Severe paediatric obesity and sleep: A mutual interactive relationship!
Ischander, M. M., & Lloyd, R. D. (2020) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13162 · Cited by 16
“The National Sleep Foundation 2015 recommendations defined inadequate sleep as 10 hr in infants 4–11 months, 9 hr in toddlers 1–2 years of age, 8 hr in preschoolers 3–5 years of age, and 7 hr in school-aged children and teenagers 6–17 years of age (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
MethodJabri, L., Alrasheedi, A. A., Alsulaimani, R. A., & Al-Hazzaa, H. M. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8020134 · Cited by 16
Dicaro, M. V., Ogurek, I., Tak, N., Dawn, B., & Tak, T. (2025) · Heart and Mind · doi:10.4103/hm.hm-d-24-00066 · Cited by 16
Dong, P., Zhang, X., Yin, W., Shi, Y. T., Xu, M., Li, H., Zhuge, X., Li, Z., Sun, K., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/75938 · Cited by 17
“In general, the optimal length of sleep for older people is between 7 and 8 hours [42].”
Sleep Characteristics in Italian Children During Home Confinement Due to Covid-19 Outbreak.
Bacaro, V., Chiabudini, M., Buonanno, C., Bartolo, P. D., Riemann, D. W., Mancini, F., & Baglioni, C. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210102 · Cited by 15
Bratke, H., & Sivertsen, B. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2021-0041 · Cited by 13
“In our study, we could observe that students both with and without T1D obtained the recommended sleeping duration of 7–9 h [37].”
BackgroundAraújo, M. F. S., Lopes, X. D. F. D. M., de Azevedo, C. V. M., Dantas, D. D. S., & de Souza, J. C. (2021) · Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica · doi:10.1590/1981-5271v45.2-20200182 · Cited by 15
Zhao, Y., Shu, Y., Zhao, N., Zhou, Z., Jia, X., Jian, C., & Jin, S. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00329.2021 · Cited by 17
Wilson, J. J., McMullan, I., Blackburn, N. E., Klempel, N., Jerez‐Roig, J., Oviedo, G. R., Klenk, J., Dallmeier, D., Coll‐Planas, L., McIntosh, E., et al. (2022) · Journal of Ageing and Longevity · doi:10.3390/jal2010006 · Cited by 15
“Maximum daily wear-time was set at 19 h using a pragmatic choice based on participants’ diaries and sleep time recommendations for older adults [28].”
MethodRoberts, S., Main, L. C., Condo, D., Carr, A. J., Jardine, W. T., Urwin, C. S., Convit, L., Rahman, S. S., & Snipe, R. M. J. (2022) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2091345 · Cited by 16
“…should be noted that both sexes in this study were unable to consistently achieve recommended durations for WASO (<20 min) and sleep duration (≥7 h)(Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Ohayon et al., 2017), which may have negatively -3 -2 -1 Race Day 2 4 6 P h ys ic al P er fo rm an ce C ap ab ili ty (a u…”
BackgroundMethodLi, Q., Steward, C. J., Cullen, T., Che, K., & Zhou, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2022-0037 · Cited by 17
“According 424 to the National Sleep Foundation, adults are advised to have 7-9 425 h of sleep per night.(31) In addition to a sufficient duration of sleep, 426 adults are also recommended to achieve good levels of sleep 427 quality with a combination of >85% sleep efficiency, <30 428 minutes SOL and <20 minutes of tim…”
Wu, E., Ni, J., Zhu, Z., Xu, H., Ci, J., Tao, L., & Xie, T. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062535 · Cited by 15
Tuan, L., Yeh, J.-W., Lee, L. J., & Lee, L. (2023) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03258-2 · Cited by 17
Dozer: Towards understanding the design of closed-loop wearables for sleep
Semertzidis, N. A., Hiung, A. L. P., Vranic-Peters, M. J., & Mueller, F. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3581044 · Cited by 22
“This is the generally understood appropriate sleep duration on average for adults [29].”
BackgroundZhang, L., Cui, Z., Huffman, L. G., & Oshri, A. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.03.005 · Cited by 15
Fantini, L., Gostoli, S., Artin, M. G., & Rafanelli, C. (2023) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2023.2235740 · Cited by 15
“In the future, it will be important to measure sleep quality, which represents a better predictor of optimal sleep than sleep quantity (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015; Olashore et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMethodEffect of catch-up sleep on obesity in Korean adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Choi, Y., Kim, S., Lee, M., Lee, H. I., Song, K., Suh, J., Chae, H. W., Kim, H.-S., & Kwon, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1213558 · Cited by 18
Survey response over 15 years of follow-up in the Millennium Cohort Study
Kolaja, C. A., Belding, J. N., Boparai, S. K., Castañeda, S. F., Geronimo-Hara, T. R., Powell, T. M., Tu, X. M., Walstrom, J. L., Sheppard, B. D., Rull, R. P., et al. (2023) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-023-02018-z · Cited by 14
“Unhealthy sleep duration was assessed from a single item coded such that 6 or fewer and 10 or more average hours in a 24-h period indicated unhealthy sleep duration based on National Sleep Foundation recommendations [31].”
MethodEarly adverse childhood experiences and adolescent sleep outcomes
Duraccio, K. M., Erickson, L. D., Jones, M. S., & Pierce, H. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106593 · Cited by 15
Gupta, S. K., Prithviraj, M., Gangwar, A., & Rath, R. S. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.50413 · Cited by 20
“Another tool employed to assess the quantity of sleep for one week was a sleep log book/sleep diary (by the National Sleep Foundation) [27].”
MethodOh, W., & Heo, Y. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.12.011 · Cited by 19
Poirier, K., Gauvin, L., Haddad, S., Bélanger, R., Leatherdale, S., & Turcotte-Tremblay, A. (2024) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.12.023 · Cited by 13
Lemes, V. B., Sehn, A. P., Reuter, C. P., Burns, R. D., Gaya, A. R., Gaya, A. C. A., & Brand, C. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-04609-1 · Cited by 15
“Therefore, adhering to the recommended sleep duration of 8 to 10 h is essential to promote optimal health in adolescents [3].”
BackgroundMethodSun, Y., & Kosmas, P. (2024) · IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics · doi:10.1109/jbhi.2024.3472077 · Cited by 19
“Typically, humans are active for 16 hours and sleep continuously for 8 hours each day [78].”
BackgroundBian, W., Biswas, R. K., Ahmadi, M. N., Bin, Y. S., Postnova, S., Phillips, A. J. K., Koemel, N. A., Chaput, J., Rajaratnam, S. M. W., Cistulli, P. A., et al. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-21649-z · Cited by 15
“These categories were guided by the NSF sleep duration guidelines with modification considering our study used device-measured sleep whereas the guidelines were developed using self-reported sleep [33, 14].”
Shade, M. Y., Berger, A. M., Dizona, P. J., Pozehl, B., & Pullen, C. H. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-015-9701-y · Cited by 18
Relationship Between Sedentary Time and Sleep Duration Among Korean Adolescents
Choi, H., Kim, C., Ko, H., & Park, C. G. (2019) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/1059840519842230 · Cited by 15
Sleep patterns and sleep deprivation recorded by actigraphy in 4th-grade and 5th-grade students
Li, A., Chen, S., Quan, S. F., Silva, G. E., Ackerman, C., Powers, L. S., Roveda, J. M., & Perfect, M. M. (2019) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.12.001 · Cited by 15
Association Between Sleep Duration, Obesity, and School Failure Among Adolescents
Litsfeldt, S., Ward, T. M., Hagell, P., & Garmy, P. (2020) · The Journal of School Nursing · doi:10.1177/1059840520901335 · Cited by 15
“Only 10% of 15- to 17-year-olds and 29% of 12- to 14-year-olds sleep more than 9 hr on an average school night (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundAssociation Between Outdoor Activity and Insufficient Sleep in Chinese School-Aged Children
Luo, J., Cao, M., Sun, F., Shi, B., Wang, X., & Jin, J. (2020) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.921617 · Cited by 16
“According to the recommendation of the National Sleep Foundation (NSF), school-aged children need over 9 hours of sleep per night to maintain health and normal daily performance [2].”
MethodWhibley, D., Guyer, H., Swanson, L. M., Braley, T. J., Kratz, A. L., & Dunietz, G. L. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036219 · Cited by 15
Relationship between sleep duration and TV time with cardiometabolic risk in adolescents
Sehn, A. P., Gaya, A. R., Dias, A. F., Brand, C., Mota, J. A. P. S., Pfeiffer, K. A., Sayavera, J. B., Renner, J. D. P., & Reuter, C. P. (2020) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-020-00880-7 · Cited by 15
Vitamin D and sleep duration: Is there a bidirectional relationship?
Mosavat, M., Smyth, A. M., Arabiat, D. H., & Whitehead, L. (2020) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2020-0025 · Cited by 15
“According to the National Sleep Foundation, sleep duration of 7–9 h for adults (18–64 years), and 7–8 h for older adults (≥65 years) is required to maintain health [32].”
BackgroundBean, C. A. L., & Ciesla, J. A. (2020) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2020.10.008 · Cited by 14
Li, Y., Nima, Q., Yu, B., Xiao, X., Zeng, P., Suolang, D., He, R., Ciren, Z., Wangqing, P., Laba, C., et al. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10359-x · Cited by 15
“previous studies [32], 7–8 h/night was considered adequate sleep duration for older people.”
BackgroundThe self-reported causes of sleepiness in shift-working tram and truck drivers
Onninen, J., Pylkkönen, M., Hakola, T., et al. (2021) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2021.02.004 · Cited by 15
“Both tram and long-haul truck drivers frequently perceive sleep loss as making them sleepy on duty, which was expected based on previous findings that it is not uncommon for these drivers to obtain less sleep than generally recommended (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundTriggering factors associated with a new episode of recurrent acute anterior uveitis
Neti, N., Pimsri, A., Boonsopon, S., Tesavibul, N., & Choopong, P. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91701-6 · Cited by 15
24-h Movement Guidelines and Substance Use among Adolescents: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Colman, I., Goldfield, G. S., Janssen, I., Wang, J., Hamilton, H. A., & Chaput, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18063309 · Cited by 15
“A binary variable was created defining adherence to the sleep duration based on the recommended range (9–11 h per night for 11–13-yearolds; 8–10 h per night for 14–17-year-olds, or 7–9 h per night for those aged 18 years or older), contrasting with getting insufficient sleep [14,22].”
MethodWagner, J. A., Bermúdez‐Millán, A., Buckley, T., Buxton, O. M., Feinn, R., Kong, S., Kuoch, T., Nahmod, N. G., & Scully, M. F. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106427 · Cited by 16
“Behavioral targets included eating no more than 1 small bowl of (brown) rice per meal, walking at least 30 min per day on 6 days per week, and getting 7–9 h of restful sleep per night [45].”
BackgroundFerrer-Lluis, I., Castillo-Escario, Y., Montserrat, J. M., & Jané, R. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21134531 · Cited by 15
“It occupies approximately one third of our life [1–3] and it is known to affect emotional, physical and cognitive performance [4].”
BackgroundGiannini, D. T., Tavares, C. M., Takey, M., Aloise, M. L. R., da Costa, A. J., de Carvalho, D. S., da Silva, S. C., Pontes, M. H. P., & Monteiro, C. B. (2021) · Journal of the American Nutrition Association · doi:10.1080/07315724.2021.1897899 · Cited by 16
Turunen, J., Norell-Clarke, A., & Hagquist, C. (2021) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2021.06.002 · Cited by 16
Guo, G., Zhang, H., Yao, L., Li, H., Xu, C., Li, Z., & Xu, W. (2021) · Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive Mobile Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies · doi:10.1145/3494970 · Cited by 17
“This may be somehow related to the fact that older people sleep less [114].”
BackgroundThe effect of robot interventions on sleep in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Støre, S. J., Beckman, L. J., & Jakobsson, N. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10022 · Cited by 15
Li, C., Lin, C., Liu, C.-S., Lin, C.-H., Yang, S.-Y., & Li, T. (2022) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-022-01500-0 · Cited by 16
“NSF recommends 7–9 and 7–8 h of sleep for adults aged 18–64 years and older adults ≥ 65 years, respectively [1].”
BackgroundACOG Committee Opinion No. 730: Fatigue and Patient Safety
(2018) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002502 · Cited by 15
Work intensity and workers’ sleep: A case of working Australians
Lyons, S., Strazdins, L. M., & Doan, T. T. (2022) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-022-01410-2 · Cited by 15
“Good quality sleep includes sufficient sleep duration (between 7 and 9 h per night for adults), falling asleep without difficulty and experiencing no sleep disturbances (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundLiu, H., Huang, S., Xu, M., Zhao, D., Wang, X., Zhang, L., Chen, D., Du, J., Yu, R., Li, H., et al. (2023) · Open Medicine · doi:10.1515/med-2023-0670 · Cited by 15
Riso, E., Mägi, K., Vaiksaar, S., Toplaan, L., & Jürimäe, J. (2019) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/apa.14750 · Cited by 17
“As excessive screen use and short sleep duration are of great concern among children and adolescents in today’s society (28), it can be assumed that more educated parents have better skills when it comes to introducing healthy behaviour, physically active lifestyles and learning”
BackgroundInfluentialSawyer, E., Heussler, H., & Gunnarsson, R. K. (2019) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12839 · Cited by 15
The association between home chaos and academic achievement: The moderating role of sleep.
Berger, R. H., Diaz, A., Valiente, C., Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., Doane, L. D., Thompson, M. S., Hernández, M. M., Johns, S. K., & Southworth, J. (2019) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000535 · Cited by 15
Honka, A. M., Helander, E. E., Misha Pavel, C., Jimison, H. B., Mustonen, P., Korhonen, I., & Ermes, M. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/12170 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O’Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., Ware, J. C., & Adams Hillard, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- National Sleep Foundation (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Gannon University (US)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whiton, Kaitlyn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-43
- ISSN
- 2352-7218 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088948024
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e3e4c046d6e7145de63397f3a9872f2506375b8
- Cited by
- 4,404
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 396 · 2025: 539 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 502 · 2022: 539 · 2021: 497 · 2020: 392 · 2019: 352 · 2018: 283 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 47
- FWCI
- 338.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sleep Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Thoracic Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, sleep disorders
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