The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 1 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary.
Open accessAbstract
Consensus recommendations on sufficient sleep duration across the lifespan using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 1 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Probably not a substantial claim. 58
- It may state two separate claims as one. 5
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“infants between 12 and 15 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✗ Asserted: fails✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 8 hours of sleep for older adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“school-aged children between 9 and 11 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For teenagers, 8 to 10 hours was considered appropriate”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“preschoolers between 10 and 13 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young adults 18-25 y 7 to 9 6 10 to 11 Less than 6 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Older adults ≥65 y 7 to 8 5 to 6 9 Less than 5 More than 9”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Newborns 0-3 mo 14 to 17 11 to 13 18 to 19 Less than 11 More than 19”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“School-aged children 6-13 y 9 to 11 7 to 8 12 Less than 7 More than 12”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Adults 26-64 y 7 to 9 6 10 Less than 6 More than 10”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Preschoolers 3-5 y 10 to 13 8 to 9 14 Less than 8 More than 14”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“7 to 9 hours for young adults and adults”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“toddlers between 11 and 14 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Teenagers 14-17 y 8 to 10 7 11 Less than 7 More than 11”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The panel agreed that, for healthy individuals with normal sleep, the appropriate sleep duration for newborns is between 14 and 17 hours”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Toddlers 1-2 y 11 to 14 9 to 10 15 to 16 Less than 9 More than 16”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Infants 4-11 mo 12 to 15 10 to 11 16 to 18 Less than 10 More than 18”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Panelists performed the firstround vote independently.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A research assistant performed data entry, and a supervisor checked entries to ensure accuracy and completeness.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The RAND appropriateness method is a well-recognized technique for systematically analyzing experts' interpretations of extant research.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [1] 1. Fitch K, Bernstein SJ, Aquilar MD, et al. The RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method user's manual. Santa Monica, CA: The RAND Corporation; 2001.
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The recommendations reported here represent guidelines for healthy individuals and those not suffering from a sleep disorder.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sleep's restorative properties undoubtedly also depend on sleep quality, sleep architecture, and the timing of sleep within the day.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Importantly, the panel emphasized that some individuals might sleep longer or shorter than the recommended times with no adverse effects.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, individuals with sleep durations far outside the normal range may be engaging in volitional sleep restriction or have serious health problems.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These factors, however, are more difficult to estimate from cohort studies that use self-reported data.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This data disparity is particularly important when interpreting laboratory-based findings.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sufficient sleep duration requirements vary across the lifespan and from person to person.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A systematic literature review was conducted by a nonvoting, independent review team led by John Herman, PhD, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, with assistance from colleagues Chelsea Vaughn, PhD, and David Brown, PhD.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An individual who intentionally restricts sleep over a prolonged period may be compromising his or her health and well-being.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inclusion criteria were (a) normal, nondisordered population; (b) published in a peer-reviewed journal; (c) human subjects; and (d) English language.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed, which biases data toward higher sleep duration estimates.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Discussion
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A project team member followed up with panelists to resolve missing or discrepant scores.”
§ National Sleep Foundation's sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary > Participants and methods
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed.
“actual sleep time is typically less than time in bed”
The paper relies on this without support.
Sleep is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.
“Sleep, like diet and exercise, is a vital part of physical, cognitive, and emotional health.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.
“The literature, especially cohort and population studies, often do not distinguish between time in bed and actual sleep time.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time typically produce shorter sleep durations.
“intervention studies using laboratory measured sleep time will typically produce shorter sleep durations”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Nonetheless, even if one conservatively assumes that the average increase in actual nightly sleep was 67 min relative to what we observed in our student samples using wrist actigraphy, it still means that 62% of students in these samples were still getting less than 8 h of total nightly sleep, the minimum recommendation for young adult nightly sleep (26).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Current sleep recommendations outline the need for healthy adults to achieve seven to nine h of sleep per night [2].”
From The effect of caffeine on subsequent sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The recommended total sleep for children aged 6- to 13-years-old is 9–11 hours, whereas the recommended sleep for adolescents aged 14–17 is approximately 8–10 hours.15”
From Middle school start times and young adolescent sleep, behavioral health, and academic performance outcomes: a narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Sleep medicine guidelines indicate that adolescents should be getting 8 to 10 h of nightly sleep (26), but first-year college students in the present samples slept on average 6 h and 37 min each night (SD = 51 min).”
From Nightly sleep duration predicts grade point average in the first year of college (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“current recommendations suggest that adolescents require 8-10 h of sleep to function optimally [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Early school start times during the academic year are in direct conflict with the biologically driven circadian shift towards later bedtimes and later wake-up times among adolescents, directly constraining their opportunity for sufficient sleep duration [3,4].”
From Later School Start Times as a Public Health Intervention to Promote Sleep Health in Adolescents (2023) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Other important developmental changes occur as well, such as an increased need for sleep (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Hirshkowitz et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“Guidelines from the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and the Sleep Research Society state that regularly sleeping fewer than 7 h per night is associated with a higher risk of weight gain and other adverse health outcomes [116].”
From Dietary and Behavioral Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance: A Narrative Review (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration and quality; particularly for athletes whose physical and mental recovery needs may be greater due to the high physiological and psychological demands placed on them during training and competition.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep disturbances and short sleep duration are behavioural risk factors for inflammation, associated with increased risk of illness and disease, which can be modified to promote sleep health.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Similar to nutrition, sleep disturbances (difficulty initiating or maintain sleep) and sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep) are risk factors for inflammation [18,42], which can be treated or managed to promote recovery and/or performance.”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“For sleep to have a restorative effect on the body, it must be of adequate duration which is dependent on age [28,42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“Sleep recommendations particularly the amount of sleep required, change over the lifespan from adolescents (8–10 h), adults (7–9 h), and older adults (7–8 h) [42].”
From Sleep and Nutrition Interactions: Implications for Athletes (2019) · cites this paper as [42]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Three of 18 panelists is less than 20%
MinorThree of 18 panelists is 16.7%, not more than 20%. At least four panelists would have to vote outside the specified range to meet the stated threshold.
Reported 20 · recomputed 16.666667
“Divergent opinion among panelists was defined as more than 20% (ie, 3 of 18 panel members) voting outside any 3-point range (ie, 1-3, 4-6, or 7-9) of the median.”
Citations
Cites
Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn't
Sackett, D. L., Rosenberg, W. M. C., Gray, J. A. M., Haynes, R. B., & Richardson, W. S. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7023.71 · Cited by 15,769
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(2001) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · Cited by 2,158
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Items 1,101–1,200 of 4,366
Fan, Y., Zhang, L., Wang, Y., Li, C., Zhang, B., He, J., Guo, P., Qi, X., Zhang, M., Guo, C., et al. (2021) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00913-4 · Cited by 22
“According to the National Sleep Foundation, the optimal sleep duration for adults is 7-9 h per night [28].”
MethodFernandez, F. (2022) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s251712 · Cited by 28
Duncan, M. J., Holliday, E. G., Burton, N. W., Glozier, N., & Oftedal, S. (2022) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.02.002 · Cited by 20
Goldstein, T. R., & Franzen, P. L. (2022) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-022-00222-9 · Cited by 26
Czeisler, M. É., Capodilupo, E. R., Weaver, M. D., Czeisler, C. A., Howard, M. E., & Rajaratnam, S. M. W. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2022.03.001 · Cited by 21
More than Bedtime and the Bedroom: Sleep Management as a Collaborative Work for the Family
Shin, J. Y., Peng, W., & Lee, H. R. (2022) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3491102.3517535 · Cited by 24
“However, one in three adults living in the United States does not meet the recommendation [45, 108].”
BackgroundSleep duration and sleep difficulties as predictors of occupational injuries: a cohort study
Alhainen, M., Härmä, M., Pentti, J., Ervasti, J. M., Mika Kivimaki, B., Vahtera, J., & Stenholm, S. (2021) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2021-107516 · Cited by 22
Sleep Health as a Determinant of Disparities in Stroke Risk and Health Outcome
Khot, S. P., Taylor, B. L., Longstreth, W. T., & Brown, A. F. (2022) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.122.039524 · Cited by 20
Farrell, E. T., Wirth, M. D., McLain, A. C., Hurley, T. G., Shook, R. P., Hand, G. A., Hébert, J. R., & Blair, S. N. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15020419 · Cited by 24
“Despite the National Sleep Foundation’s recommendations stating adults ages 18 years or older should get more than seven hours of sleep per night [1], 35% of Americans do not meet the recommended sleep requirements [2].”
BackgroundXue, P., Merikanto, I., Chung, F. F., Morin, C. M., Espie, C. A., Bjorvatn, B., Cedernaes, J., Landtblom, A., Penzel, T., Gennaro, L. D., et al. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02334-4 · Cited by 21
Circadian Factors in Stroke: A Clinician’s Perspective
Коростовцева, Л. С., & Kolomeichuk, S. N. (2023) · Cardiology and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40119-023-00313-w · Cited by 23
“Sleep health extends far beyond the recommended duration of sleep [2, 3], as it is a multidimensional construct with multiple interacting components (duration, timing, regularity, efficiency, satisfaction, and impact on daytime alertness) [4] and it should also be considered as a part of the circadian sleep–wake cycle.”
BackgroundFood insecurity and sleep health by race/ethnicity in the United States
Alhasan, D. M., Riley, N. M., Jackson, W. B., & Jackson, C. L. (2023) · Journal of Nutritional Science · doi:10.1017/jns.2023.18 · Cited by 21
“Based on the recommendation of the National Sleep Foundation categories((30)) that have been previously validated((31)), the following sleep duration categories were used: very short sleep (<6 h), short sleep (<7 h), recommended sleep (7–9 h) and long sleep (≥9 h).”
MethodTian, J., Hu, C., Luo, Y., Zhang, Z., Xiong, S., & Liu, H. (2025) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-025-01626-7 · Cited by 22
“In 2015, the National Sleep Foundation suggested that adults aged 18–64 years should sleep for 7 to 9 h daily, while those aged 65 and above should aim for 7 to 8 h [25].”
Low, J. M., Tan, M., See, K., & Aw, M. (2018) · Singapore Medical Journal · doi:10.11622/smedj.2018036 · Cited by 22
Janurek, J., Hadi, S. A., Mojzisch, A., & Häusser, J. A. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15091927 · Cited by 26
Gait can reveal sleep quality with machine learning models
Liu, X., Sun, B., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Tang, H., & Zhu, T. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223012 · Cited by 21
“People spend almost one-third of their lifetime sleeping [1].”
BackgroundChen, M., Zhang, X., Liang, Y., Xue, H., Gong, Y., Xiong, J., He, F., Yang, Y., & Cheng, G. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223665 · Cited by 21
“Model 3 was adjusted for MVPA and EI in addition to model 2. a Nocturnal sleep duration was grouped according to the National Sleep Foundation [20]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223665.t004 PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223665 October 16, 2019 8 / 12 alternative pathway between NSD and body…”
MethodInfluentialGeng, M., Jiang, L., Wu, X., Ding, P., Liu, W., Liu, M., & Tao, F. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.076 · Cited by 21
Rensen, N., Steur, L. M. H., Wijnen, N. E., Someren, E. J. W. V., Kaspers, G. J. L., & van Litsenburg, R. R. L. (2020) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420528.2020.1727916 · Cited by 22
Mears, D. P., Tomlinson, T. A., & Turanovic, J. J. (2020) · Justice Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07418825.2020.1729393 · Cited by 21
“Foundation, which indicates that the optimal amount of sleep for the average teenager ranges from 8 to 10 hours per night (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodDiao, H., Wang, H., Yang, L., & Li, T. (2020) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12199-020-00861-w · Cited by 21
Patterns of physical activity, sitting time, and sleep in Australian adults: A latent class analysis
Duncan, M. J., Oftedal, S., Rebar, A. L., Murawski, B., Short, C. E., Rayward, A. T., & Vandelanotte, C. (2020) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.006 · Cited by 21
Working time limits at sea, a hundred-year construction
Baumler, R. (2020) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2020.104101 · Cited by 21
“The 8-hour sleep per day has been recommended as a minimum for adults by the National Sleep Foundation [9].”
Fonseca, L. B., Pereira, L. P., Rodrigues, P. R. M., Muraro, A. P., Andrade, A. C. D. S., Pereira, R. A., & Ferreira, M. G. (2021) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2021.1874432 · Cited by 21
“Sleep duration was estimated considering the interval between bedtime and wake up time and short sleep duration was defined as <6 h/day (for individuals <18yo) or <7 hours (≥18yo) (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSleep and Suicide in Older Adults: An Opportunity for Intervention
Bishop, T. M., Simons, K. V., King, D. A., & Pigeon, W. R. (2016) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.09.015 · Cited by 21
Yıldırım, A., & Boysan, M. (2017) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1007/s41105-017-0097-7 · Cited by 21
Sleep characteristics, sources of perceived stress and coping strategies in adolescent athletes
Skein, M., Harrison, T., & Clarke, D. (2019) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12791 · Cited by 20
The relationship between burden and caregiver’s sleep disturbances in dementia: a systematic review
Monteiro, B., Belfort, T. T., Nogueira, M. M. L., & Dourado, M. C. N. (2023) · Dementia & Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2023-0030 · Cited by 20
“The sleep average of caregivers is 6.5 hours per night 8,9 , contrary to the recommendation of the National Sleep Foundation for older adults that determines 8 hours of sleep for optimal wellbeing 10 .”
MethodInfluentialDuan, L., Xiao, M., Liu, S., et al. (2024) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2024.112494 · Cited by 20
Adolescent sleep and its disruption in depression and anxiety
Chai, R., & Bian, W.-J. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2024.1479420 · Cited by 28
“…sleep pattern varies cross-nationally, insufficient sleep is prevalent among adolescents world-wide especially on the school days, with the percentage of adolescents meeting sleep recommendations (8 h/day) (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015) ranging from 32 to 86% (Gariepy et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2023).”
The effect of stress fracture interventions in a single elite infantry training unit (1983–2015)
Milgrom, C., & Finestone, A. S. (2017) · Bone · doi:10.1016/j.bone.2017.06.026 · Cited by 20
Shift work, sleep duration, and body image dissatisfaction among female workers in southern Brazil
Leite, H. M., Garcêz, A., Nunes, M. A., Pattussi, M. P., Canuto, R., Paniz, V. M. V., & Olinto, M. T. A. (2018) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-018-0927-x · Cited by 20
Mobile sensor-based community gaming for improving vocational students’ sleep and academic outcomes
Wang, J.-S., Gamble, J. H., & Yang, Y.-T. C. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103812 · Cited by 19
Hargens, T. A., Scott, M. C., Olijar, V., Bigman, M. B., & Edwards, E. S. (2020) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-020-02190-2 · Cited by 20
“The National Sleep Foundation currently recommends that adults achieve 7–9 h of sleep per night [11]; however, young adults frequently fail to meet this recommendation [12].”
Backgroundvan Kooten, J. A. M. C., Jacobse, S. T. W., Heymans, M. W., de Vries, R., Kaspers, G. J. L., & van Litsenburg, R. R. L. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa231 · Cited by 21
Higgins, S., Stoner, L. R., Black, K. E., Wong, J. E., Quigg, R., Meredith-Jones, K. A., & Skidmore, P. M. L. (2021) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2021.06.014 · Cited by 25
Kim, Y., Ramos, A. R., Carver, C. S., Ting, A., Hahn, K., Mossavar‐Rahmani, Y., Gallo, L. C., Savin, K. L., Li, X., Penedo, F. J., et al. (2021) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2021.1953499 · Cited by 22
“Thus, the effects of marriage on sleep, particularly on objectively measured sleep health, may be more likely to be attributable to emotional and social integration associated with marriage that promotes physiological and behavioral stress regulation (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2008; Thoits, 2011).”
BackgroundUm, Y. J., Chang, Y., Jung, H. S., Cho, I. Y., Shin, J. H., Shin, H. C., Wild, S. H., Byrne, C. D., & Ryu, S. (2022) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm12010092 · Cited by 22
“The National Sleep Foundation has reported the importance of sleeping more than 7 h per day for adults to maintain ideal health [9].”
BackgroundCanadian 24-h Movement Guidelines, Life Stress, and Self-Esteem Among Adolescents
Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H., Lien, A., Hamilton, H. A., & Chaput, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.702162 · Cited by 23
“In contrast, those who reported sleep duration below the range for their age group were considered not meeting the sleep duration recommendation (27, 47).”
BackgroundDomingues, S. F., da Silva, C. D., de Faria, F. R., Souza, H. D. S., & Amorim, P. R. D. S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0266926 · Cited by 25
“The volunteers reached the sleep recommendations when the average total sleep time reached values between 8 and 10 hours per night [1, 18, 19].”
BackgroundConsensus statement on Singapore integrated 24-hour activity guide for children and adolescents
Loo, B. K. G., Tan, B., Chia, M., Chan, P. C., Sirisena, D., bin Zainuddin, M. A., Oh, J. Y., Teoh, O. H., Tan, T. S. Z., Lim, M. C. M., et al. (2022) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202141 · Cited by 20
Asiamah-Asare, B. K. Y., Robinson, S., Powell, D., & Kwaśnicka, D. (2022) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-022-01908-x · Cited by 20
“2 h) was lower than the recommended 7 or more hours of sleep (Hirshkowitz et al. 2015).”
BackgroundChildhood obesity risk factors by race and ethnicity
Piñeros-Leaño, M., Grafft, N., & Aguayo, L. (2022) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.23500 · Cited by 22
“This was based on the recommendation from the National Sleep Foundation that preschool-aged children should sleep between 10 and 13 hours [31].”
Gába, A., Baďura, P., Vorlíček, M., Dygrýn, J., Hamřík, Z., Kudláček, M., Rubín, L., Sigmund, E., Sigmundová, D., & Vašíčková, J. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.08.002 · Cited by 20
Fritz, J., Huang, T., Depner, C. M., Zeleznik, O. A., Feliciano, E. M. C., Li, W., Stone, K. L., Manson, J. E., Clish, C. B., Sofer, T., et al. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac226 · Cited by 19
Insufficient sleep predicts poor weight loss maintenance after 1 year
Bogh, A. F., Jensen, S. B. K., Juhl, C. R., Janus, C., Sandsdal, R. M., Lundgren, J. R., Noer, M. H., Vu, N. Q., Fiorenza, M., Stallknecht, B. M., et al. (2022) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac295 · Cited by 23
“This contrasts with the 7–9 h/night of sleep recommended for adults according to The National Sleep Foundation, The American Thoracic Society, and The American Academy of Sleep Research and Sleep Research Society [3–5].”
MethodMartínez‐Gómez, J., Fernández-Alvira, J. M., de Cos-Gandoy, A., Bodega, P., de Miguel, M., Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., Santos, E. P. L., Carral, V., Carvajal, I., Estruch, R., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwad137 · Cited by 22
Lifestyle behaviors clusters in a nationwide sample of Spanish children and adolescents: PASOS study
Zapico, A. G., Aparicio‐Ugarriza, R., Quesada, C., Gómez, S. F., Wärnberǵ, J., Medrano, M., Gusi, N., Aznar, S., Marín‐Cascales, E., Valeiro, M. G., et al. (2023) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-023-02710-2 · Cited by 21
Composite dietary antioxidant index and sleep health: a new insight from cross-sectional study
Xiong, B., Wang, J., He, R., & Qu, G. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18047-2 · Cited by 20
“According to previous literature [16], sleep duration was grouped into insufficient sleep ( < 7 h/night), mid-range sleep (7-9 h/night) and excessive sleep ( > 9 h/night) [16, 17].”
MethodPapaconstantinou, E. A., HODNETT, E. D., & Stremler, R. (2016) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2016.1228639 · Cited by 21
Brain reactivity to visual food stimuli after moderate-intensity exercise in children
Masterson, T. D., Kirwan, C. B., Davidson, L. E., Larson, M. J., Keller, K., Fearnbach, S. N., Evans, A., & LeCheminant, J. D. (2017) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-017-9766-z · Cited by 20
EEG-Based Sleep Quality Evaluation with Deep Transfer Learning
Zhang, X.-Z., Zheng, W., & Lu, B. (2017) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70093-9_57 · Cited by 22
Regular Practice of Competitive Sports Does Not Impair Sleep in Adolescents: DADOS Study
Beltran‐Valls, M. R., Artero, E. G., Seder, A. C., Legaz‐Arrese, A., Adelantado‐Renau, M., & Moliner‐Urdiales, D. (2017) · Pediatric Exercise Science · doi:10.1123/pes.2017-0129 · Cited by 20
Association between sleep duration and stroke prevalence in Korean adults: a cross-sectional study
Kim, M., Lee, S., Myong, Y. H., Lee, Y. J., Kim, M.-R., Shin, J., Lee, J., & Ha, I. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021491 · Cited by 20
Study and Life: How first year university students use their time
Richardson, A., King, S., Olds, T., Parfitt, G., & Chiera, B. (2018) · Student Success · doi:10.5204/ssj.v10i1.437 · Cited by 20
Hilmisson, H., Lange, N. R., & Magnúsdóttir, S. (2019) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-019-01802-w · Cited by 20
Zhu, B., Martyn-Nemeth, P. A., Ruggiero, L., Park, C. G., Zhang, Y., & Fritschi, C. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.14883 · Cited by 20
Winiger, E. A., Huggett, S. B., Hatoum, A. S., Stallings, M. C., & Hewitt, J. K. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.019 · Cited by 21
“Over a third of adults fail to get the recommended 7 h of sleep per night (Ford et al., 2015; Hirshkowitz et al., 2015) and shorter sleep duration is associated with deficits in psychological functioning (Kronholm et al.”
BackgroundSweeney, E. L., Peart, D. J., Kyza, I., Harkes, T., Ellis, J. G., & Walshe, I. H. (2019) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2019-0235 · Cited by 21
“…postprandial response following a single night of SR. Keywords: glucose metabolism, high-intensity exercise, sleep loss Short sleep durations are becoming increasingly common, with almost 75% of adults in Great Britain sleeping outside the recommended 7–9 hr each night (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundScarlett, S., Kenny, R. A., O’Connell, M. D. L., Nolan, H., & Looze, C. D. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5473 · Cited by 20
“TSTs were categorised as ≤5, 6, 7–8, 9 and ≥10 h to reflect sleep period recommendations and for comparability with studies using similar definitions.(19,38,58,59)”
MethodDu, M., Liu, J., Han, N., Zhao, Z., Luo, S., & Wang, H. (2020) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2020.101217 · Cited by 21
Rouzafzoon, M., Farnam, F., & Khakbazan, Z. (2021) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.13344 · Cited by 20
“Overall, this study’s baseline night sleep duration was 7 hr and 25 min, equalling the minimum agefavoured average (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMeasuring sleep quality from EEG with machine learning approaches
Wang, L., Zheng, W., Ma, H.-W., et al. (2016) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2016.7727295 · Cited by 20
Risk factors for precompetitive sleep behavior in elite female athletes
Silva, R., & Paiva, T. (2019) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.18.08498-0 · Cited by 20
Shen, C., Mireku, M. O., Di Simplicio, M., Dumontheil, I., Thomas, M. S. C., Röösli, M., Elliott, P., & Toledano, M. B. (2022) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12098 · Cited by 19
“Insufficient sleep duration was classified as sleep duration 9 h for participants under 14 years and 8 h for participants 14 + years (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
Adolescent sleep, distress, and technology use: weekday versus weekend
Reardon, A., Lushington, K., & Agostini, A. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12616 · Cited by 20
Time poverty, health and health-related behaviours in a Southern European city: a gender issue
Artazcoz, L., Cortès, I., Arcas, M. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2023-220750 · Cited by 19
“In accordance with the recommendation for adults to sleep between 7 and 9 hours, 22 this variable was dichotomised into 7 hours and ≥7 hours a day.”
MethodVestergaard, C., Simpson, M. R., Sivertsen, B., Kallestad, H., Langsrud, K., Scott, J., & Vedaa, Ø. (2024) · Sleep Science and Practice · doi:10.1186/s41606-024-00109-4 · Cited by 19
“…on weekends (Short-Medium/Long), (Matricciani et al. 2019) those who report medium sleep duration both on weekdays and on weekends (Medium-Medium), (Hirshkowitz et al. 2015) those who report long or medium sleep duration on weekdays, and short on weekends (Long-Short), (Steptoe et al. 2006) those…”
BackgroundInfluentialNiu, Y., Sun, Y., Xie, Y., & Yu, S. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-05633-7 · Cited by 20
“The National Sleep Foundation recommends [32] For older adults (65 + years), the recommended minimum amount of sleep per night is 7–8 h. Lack of sleep can lead to moody mood, fatigue, irritability, forgetful-ness, cognitive deficits [33], as well as obesity [34], diabetes [35] and hypertension…”
Godos, J., Rosi, A., Scazzina, F., Touriz Bonifaz, M. A., Giampieri, F., Abdelkarim, O., Ammar, A., Aly, M., Frias-Toral, E., Pons, J., et al. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071242 · Cited by 19
“The duration of sleep in healthy people usually diminishes with age, with 7 to 9 h of sleep required from childhood to adulthood [5].”
Rodríguez-Morilla, B., Madrid, J. A., Molina, E., & Correa, Á. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00997 · Cited by 22
Smartphone as unobtrusive sensor for real-time sleep recognition
Montanini, L., Sabino, N., Spinsante, S., & Gambi, E. (2018) · International Conference on Consumer Electronics · doi:10.1109/icce.2018.8326220 · Cited by 20
Research on freshman and sleeping habits: A text message-based sleep intervention
Jones, K., Evans, R. R., Talbott, L. L., Schoenberger, Y., Heaton, K. L., & Snyder, S. (2019) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2019.1626860 · Cited by 20
Sleep experiences during different lifetime periods and in vivo Alzheimer pathologies
Choe, Y. M., Byun, M. S., Yi, D., Lee, J. H., Jeon, S. Y., Sohn, B. K., Kim, Y. K., Shin, S. A., Sohn, C., Lee, Y. J., et al. (2019) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-019-0536-6 · Cited by 21
Saelee, R., Gazmararian, J. A., Haardörfer, R., & Suglia, S. F. (2020) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102380 · Cited by 20
“Sleep duration was dichotomized based on the recommended amount of sleep for age by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) into short sleep duration (<9 hours for 6-12 years old and <8 hours for 14-17 years old) compared to adequate sleepers (≥9 hours for 6-12 years old and ≥8 hours for 14-17 years old) (Hirshkowitz et a…”
MethodLehmann, S., Askeland, K. G., & Hysing, M. (2020) · Child & Family Social Work · doi:10.1111/cfs.12794 · Cited by 19
Sleep Duration and Insomnia in Adolescents Seeking Treatment for Anxiety in Primary Health Care
Haugland, B. S. M., Hysing, M., Baste, V., Wergeland, G. J., Rapee, R. M., Hoffart, A., Haaland, V. Ø., & Bjaastad, J. F. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.638879 · Cited by 22
Nguyen, Q. N. T., Le, T. T., Huynh, Q. B. T., Setty, A. R., Toi, V. V., & Le, T. Q. (2021) · Clocks & Sleep · doi:10.3390/clockssleep3020017 · Cited by 20
“Sleep quality features characterize the influence of the mental, social, and physical impacts of sleep on human health [28].”
BackgroundRegularity and Timing of Sleep Patterns and Behavioral Health Among Adolescents
Lunsford‐Avery, J. R., Wang, W. K., Kollins, S. H., Chung, R. J., Keller, C., & Engelhard, M. (2021) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0000000000001013 · Cited by 21
Approches thérapeutiques des troubles du sommeil et des rythmes chez l’enfant avec TSA
Schroder, C. M., Broquère, M., Claustrat, B., Delorme, R., Franco, P., Lecendreux, M., & Tordjman, S. (2022) · L Encéphale · doi:10.1016/j.encep.2021.08.005 · Cited by 18
Fernandez, F. (2022) · Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) · Cited by 18
Yoon, E., Bae, S., & Park, H. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19137625 · Cited by 19
“The appropriate range of sleep duration is 5–9 h per day in older adults to maintain or improve their health [19].”
BackgroundHagan‐Haynes, K., Ramirez‐Cardenas, A., Wingate, K. C., Pratt, S. G., Ridl, S., Schmick, E., SNAWDER, J. E., Dalsey, E., & Hale, C. R. (2022) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.23405 · Cited by 19
Troxel, W., Rodriguez, A., Seelam, R., Dong, L., Perez, L. G., Tucker, J. S., Siconolfi, D. E., & D’Amico, E. J. (2022) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107417 · Cited by 21
Tanaka, C., Wakaizumi, K., Takaoka, S., Matsudaira, K., Mimura, M., Fujisawa, D., & Kosugi, S. (2022) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-022-00408-7 · Cited by 19
“We defined\6 h of sleep duration as short sleep, with 7–9 h of sleep considered to be adequate for a healthy adult [12].”
MethodChaput, J., Gariépy, G., Pendharkar, S. R., Ayas, N., Samuels, C. H., Vallières, A., Davidson, J. R., Morin, C. M., Simonelli, G., Bourguinat, C., et al. (2022) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2022.06.005 · Cited by 20
Robbins, R., Weaver, M. D., Quan, S. F., Sullivan, J. P., Qadri, S., Glasner, L., Cohen‐Zion, M., Czeisler, C. A., & Barger, L. K. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062121 · Cited by 23
Boatswain-Jacques, A.-F., DuSablon, C., Cimon‐Paquet, C., Guo, E. Y. T., Ménard, R., Matte‐Gagné, C., Carrier, J., & Bernier, A. (2023) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsad127 · Cited by 20
Fan, X., Liao, C., Matsuo, K., et al. (2023) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163805 · Cited by 19
“We also excluded three participants with missing data and one who slept for 5 h, as this is signi fi cantly less than what is recommended by the National Sleep Foundation in the U.S. (Hirshkowitz et al., 2015).”
InfluentialMun, J. G.-H., Wang, D., Fulk, D. L. D., Fakhary, M., Gualco, S., Grant, R. W., & Mitmesser, S. H. (2023) · Journal of Dietary Supplements · doi:10.1080/19390211.2023.2206475 · Cited by 19
“Thus, repeated administration or high doses would be needed to cover the 7 to 9-h sleep period recommended by the National Sleep Foundation (Hirshkowitz et al. 2015).”
BackgroundSun, Z., Ji, J., Zuo, L., Hu, Y., Wang, K., Xu, T., Wang, Q., & Cheng, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1159258 · Cited by 19
“Sleep is crucial for general health, and the amount of good sleep is beneficial to health (8).”
BackgroundDíaz, G., Hernández, S., Crespo-Cañizares, A., Renghea, A., Yébenes-Revuelto, H., & López, M. T. I. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15132882 · Cited by 22
“Descriptive statistics in this study showed that up to 82% of the sample reported low-quality sleep according to the PSQI, and 26% had a habitual sleep duration < 7 h, which is the minimum amount of sleep conventionally recommended for young adults and adults [61].”
BackgroundBjorvatn, B., Waage, S., Pallesen, S., Buysse, D. J., & Saxvig, I. W. (2023) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad041 · Cited by 20
“This suggests that more participants aged 18–29 years obtained the recommended sleep duration [38].”
BackgroundMarendić, M., Aranza, D., Aranza, I., Vladislavić, S., & Kolčić, I. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16050620 · Cited by 21
“According to the guidelines of the National Sleep Foundation, the appropriate duration of sleep for young people and adults is 7–9 h [76].”
MethodGaasedal, J., Thøgersen, M. R., Straszek, C. L., et al. (2024) · Journal of Electronic Gaming and Esports · doi:10.1123/jege.2023-0017 · Cited by 19
Hasler, B. (2024) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v44.1.02 · Cited by 20
“14,17 This reduction in sleep duration is driven in part by a mismatch between the tendency for later sleep/circadian timing and relatively early school schedules, particularly during middle school and high school.”
BackgroundWang, J., Liu, Y., Xiao, T., & Pan, M. (2025) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2025.2484147 · Cited by 19
Garrido, M., Adler, V. H., Pnini, M., Abramsky, Z., Krasnov, B. R., Gutman, R., Kronfeld‐Schor, N., & Hawlena, H. (2016) · Parasites & Vectors · doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1407-7 · Cited by 19
Factors influencing on health-related quality of life in South Korean with chronic liver disease
Kim, H. J., Chu, H. S., & Lee, S. (2018) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-018-0964-1 · Cited by 19
Allen, S. F., Elder, G. J., Longstaff, L., Gotts, Z. M., Sharman, R. L., Akram, U., & Ellis, J. G. (2018) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s168841 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O’Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., Ware, J. C., & Adams Hillard, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Baylor College of Medicine (US)
- National Sleep Foundation (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Loyola University Chicago (US)
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Georgetown University Medical Center (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Gannon University (US)
- American Academy of Pediatrics (US)
- University of Louisville (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Eastern Virginia Medical School (US)
- Corresponding author
- Whiton, Kaitlyn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep Health
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-43
- ISSN
- 2352-7218 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088948024
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e3e4c046d6e7145de63397f3a9872f2506375b8
- Cited by
- 4,404
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 396 · 2025: 539 · 2024: 506 · 2023: 502 · 2022: 539 · 2021: 497 · 2020: 392 · 2019: 352 · 2018: 283 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 160 · 2015: 47
- FWCI
- 338.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Sleep Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- American Thoracic Society
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, sleep disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
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