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Born to choose: the origins and value of the need for control
Open accessAbstract
Belief in one's ability to exert control over the environment and to produce desired results is essential for an individual's wellbeing. It has repeatedly been argued that perception of control is not only desirable, but is also probably a psychological and biological necessity. In this article, we review the literature supporting this claim and present evidence of a biological basis for the need for control and for choice-that is, the means by which we exercise control over the environment. Converging evidence from animal research, clinical studies and neuroimaging suggests that the need for control is a biological imperative for survival, and a corticostriatal network is implicated as the neural substrate of this adaptive behavior.
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“Given people's psychological and presumably biological need for autonomy (Deci & Ryan, 2000, 2008;Leotti et al., 2010), controlling environments tend to induce stress (Reeve & Tseng, 2011) and, presumably as a result, self-regulatory attempts at controlling emotional responses.”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Leotti et al., 2010
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Metadata
- Authors
- Leotti, L. A., Iyengar, S. S., & Ochsner, K. N.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leotti, Lauren A.
- Venue
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-10
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 457-463
- ISSN
- 1364-6613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2944661
- OpenAlex
- W2076616854
- Cited by
- 717
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 99 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 1.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Trends in Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076137, MH076137)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA022541, DA-022541, F32DA027308)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD069178)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Free Will and Agency
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- need for control, perceived control, corticostriatal network, neural correlates, survival, well-being, animal studies, neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Biological, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Choice Behavior, Corpus Striatum, Humans, Nerve Net, Social Environment
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